Asylum Claimants

Date: November 9, 2020

Classification: Unclassified

Branch/Agency: IEB/CBSA

Proposed Response:

 If pressed:

 If pressed on the obligation to monitor conditions in the U.S.:

Asylum Claimants

Background:

Border security and integrity is a shared mandate between the CBSA and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). The CBSA is responsible for enforcement at designated ports of entry (POEs) in Canada, while the RCMP is responsible for enforcement between POEs. Likewise, preserving the integrity of the immigration system is a shared mandate between the CBSA and Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC). Together, the CBSA and IRCC administer the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), which governs both the admissibility of people into Canada, and the identification, detention and removal of those deemed to be inadmissible under the Act.

Starting in 2017, Canada began to experience an increase in the movement of asylum seekers crossing in between the ports of entry (POE) in the Quebec Region, more precisely at Roxham Road. In 2018 and 2019, daily arrival average between POE remained consistent at 50 asylum seekers.

Since the appearance of COVID-19, additional procedures have been implemented by the CBSA, including screening questions and the distribution of a Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) COVID-19 awareness handout.

The new Order in Council (OIC) entitled “Minimizing the Risk of Exposure to COVID-19 in Canada Order (Prohibition of Entry into Canada from the United States)”, commonly referred to as OIC 32, came into force on October 30, 2020 with an expiry date of November 30, 2020. This order replaces a previous order (OIC 28).

The OIC supports Canada’s continued focus on reducing the introduction and further spread of COVID-19 by decreasing the risk of importing cases from outside the country. In consideration of Canada’s international obligations with respect to non-refoulement, the OIC also supports the continued application of the Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA) and thereby allows the resumption of asylum claim processing at designated land ports of entry in accordance with applicable provisions of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. This means that those that meet one of narrow exceptions will be permitted to enter and make an application for refugee protection. The OIC does not lift the prohibition on entry for the purpose of making a refugee claim at any other location, including airports, marine ports, and between official ports of entry. Moreover, the OIC contains a new authority whereby the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness or the Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship, may exempt an individual from the prohibition on entry for the purpose of making an asylum claim where it is determined to be in the national or public interest “while recognizing the paramount public health interests of Canada and Canadians.”

Foreign nationals, including refugee claimants, are issued direct-backs by an officer that are valid for the duration of the period outlined in the emergency order or regulation. Once the emergency order is lifted, all foreign nationals who initiated a refugee claim and were directed back will be permitted to return to Canada for the continuation of their processing.

The CBSA has established an external website to provide information to any asylum seeker who has been directed back to the U.S.

As of September 2020, the CBSA and IRCC have processed 7,797 claims during fiscal year 2020/21, compared to 80,390 claims in fiscal year 2019/20.

Contacts:

Approved by: Scott Harris, Vice President, Intelligence and Enforcement Branch

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