2021 Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview

Erratum

Date: June 20, 2023
Location:Figure C28, Table C28, Figure D4
Revision: The notes for Figure C28 and Table C28 were adjusted to specify that data was only available for Quebec and Ontario provincial parole boards in 2020 and did not include Alberta provincial parole boards. The second bullet in Figure D4 was changed to reflect the decrease for non-Indigenous offenders as (34.8; -7.9) rather than (32.3; -7.9).
Rationale for the revision: Public Safety was asked to clarify the notes for Figure C28 and Table C28 and was made aware of a mistake in the data for Figure D4.

2021 Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview2021 Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview PDF Version (5.8 MB)

March 2023

This document was produced by the Public Safety Canada Portfolio Corrections Statistics Committee which is composed of representatives of Public Safety Canada, Correctional Service of Canada, Parole Board of Canada, the Office of the Correctional Investigator and the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (Statistics Canada).

Table of contents

Preface

The Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO) has been published annually since 1998. The purpose of the CCRSO is to assist the public in understanding statistical information on corrections and conditional release. A primary consideration in producing the CCRSO was to present general statistical information in a user friendly way that will facilitate understanding by a broad audience. There are several features of this document that make it different from typical statistical reports:

The data used in the CCRSO reflects the most recent data available at the time of publication. For much of the report the data is available from the 2021 calendar year or the fiscal year from April 1, 2020 - March 31, 2021. For some data there is a lag in reporting so the most recent data is from 2020 (or April 1, 2019 - March 31, 2020). There are a few figures where the cycle of data collection is more infrequent, for example the General Social Survey on Canadians’ Safety (Victimization) is administered on a 5-year cycle with the most recent data from 2019.

Considering much of the new data in the 2021 CCRSO was collected during the COVID-19 pandemic, the report provides an important snapshot of how the pandemic has impacted the criminal justice system. Therefore, trend data is often calculated up to and during the pandemic rather than in the standard 5 to 10 year timeframes. A notable change in the 2021 CCRSO is that information that was found in the victim section of prior CCRSO reports is now integrated throughout the report to better illustrate that victims should be taken into consideration throughout the entire criminal justice process and system.

The CCRSO includes data from partners that have different measures and methods for assessing gender and sex, and use different labels for these terms. For example, the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) collects data on the sex of offenders; though in previous versions of the CCRSO the term gender was reported on by CSC, biological sex was still what was measured. Recent attention to the distinction between sex and gender has highlighted the importance of being clear and transparent in what is measured. Therefore, the description and labels used for CSC are labeled as sex and the categories used are Male, Female, and Another Sex. In contrast, the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) uses the terms Male and Female for identifying the gender of victims. For consistency, in the CCRSO, when sex was measured the terms Male, Female, and Another Sex were used whereas when gender was measured, the terms Men and Women and Boys and Girls were used.

In addition, some data that was previously labelled as measuring ethnicity has been changed in the current CCRSO to race to more accurately reflect the identity concepts used by partners. As work in measuring racialized groups advances, these terms and identity concepts may change in future years.

The format of this document has been updated to optimize the user experience by implementing industry-standard data visualization techniques to improve accessibility and usability. For more information, see the Standard on Web Accessibility and the Standard on Web Usability.

To continually improve this annual publication, we welcome your comments. Any correspondence regarding this report, including permission to use tables and figures should be directed to PS.CPBResearch-RechercheSPC.SP@ps-sp.gc.ca.

Contributing Partners

Public Safety Canada

Public Safety Canada (PS) is Canada’s lead federal department for public safety, which includes emergency management, national security and community safety. Its many responsibilities include developing legislation and policies that govern corrections, implementing innovative approaches to community justice, and providing research expertise and resources to the corrections community.

Correctional Service Canada

The Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) is the federal government agency responsible for administering sentences of a term of two years or more, as imposed by the courts. CSC is responsible for managing institutions of various security levels and supervising offenders under conditional release in the community.

Parole Board of Canada

The Parole Board of Canada (PBC) is an independent administrative tribunal responsible for making decisions about the timing and conditions of release of offenders into the community on various forms of conditional release. The Board also makes pardon, record suspension and expungement decisions and recommendations respecting clemency through the Royal Prerogative of Mercy.

Office of the Correctional Investigator

The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) is an ombudsman for federal offenders. It conducts investigations into the problems of offenders related to decisions, recommendations, acts or omissions of the Correctional Service of Canada that affect offenders individually or as a group.

Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (Statistics Canada)

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) is a division of Statistics Canada. The CCJCSS is the focal point of a federal-provincial-territorial partnership, known as the National Justice Statistics Initiative, for the collection of information on the nature and extent of crime and the administration of civil and criminal justice in Canada.


Section A: Crime and the Criminal Justice System

Police-reported crime rate

Figure A1 Police-reported crime rate. Rate per 100,000
Figure A1
Image description

Line graph showing police-reported crime rates for violent, property, traffic, other criminal code, drugs, other federal statutes, total offences, and total, from 2011 to 2020. Traffic, drugs, and other federal statutes trends are the least frequent with relatively little difference over time. Violent crimes and the category of other criminal code offences trends are slightly more prevalent, with slim variation until a small spike in 2019, which decreases again in 2020. The trend in property crime decreases from 2011 until 2014 where it begins to rise until it reaches its apex in 2019, then drops in 2020. The number of total offenses mirrors the property crime trend line, decreasing from 2011 to 2014, then steadily rising until it's pinnacle in 2019, prior to dropping again in 2020. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure A1 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0177-01, Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, Canada, provinces, territories and Census Metropolitan Areas

Other Criminal Code offences includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statutes refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

The total crime rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than the crime rate reported by Statistics Canada.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table A1 Police-reported crime rate. Rate per 100,000
Year Violent Property Traffic Other CCC Drugs Other Fed. Statutes Total Charged
1998 1,345 5,696 469 1,051 235 40 8,915
1999 1,440 5,345 388 910 264 44 8,474
2000 1,494 5,189 370 924 287 43 8,376
2001 1,473 5,124 393 989 288 62 8,390
2002 1,441 5,080 379 991 296 54 8,315
2003 1,435 5,299 373 1,037 274 46 8,532
2004 1,404 5,123 379 1,072 306 50 8,391
2005 1,389 4,884 378 1,052 290 60 8,090
2006 1,387 4,809 376 1,050 295 57 8,004
2007 1,354 4,525 402 1,029 308 59 7,707
2008 1,334 4,258 437 1,039 308 67 7,475
2009 1,322 4,122 435 1,017 291 57 7,281
2010 1,292 3,838 420 1,029 321 61 6,996
2011 1,236 3,536 424 1,008 330 60 6,628
2012 1,199 3,438 407 1,001 317 67 6,466
2013 1,096 3,154 387 956 311 52 5,982
2014 1,044 3,100 365 918 295 49 5,793
2015 1,070 3,231 353 930 280 51 5,934
2016 1,076 3,239 346 982 267 60 5,987
2017 1,113 3,265 343 997 254 69 6,056
2018 1,152 3,348 340 1,013 229 58 6,152
2019 1,279 3,512 365 1,087 186 55 6,492
2020 1,254 3,071 330 977 176 45 5,856

Table A1 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0177-01, Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, Canada, provinces, territories and Census Metropolitan Areas

Other Criminal Code offences (Other CCC) includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statutes refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

The total crime rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than the crime rate reported by Statistics Canada.

Comparable data for police-reported crime are only available starting in 1998 due to changes from Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) to the (UCR2). As a result the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2010.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Police-reported crime rates by province/territory

Figure A2 Police-reported crime rate (2020). Rate per 100,000
Figure A2
Image description

Map of Canada showing the police-reported crime rates by province and territory in 2020. Provinces and territories with the highest crime rates were Nunavut and the Northwest Territories with crime rates over 30,000 per 100,000. The Yukon has the next highest crime rate, between 20,000 and 30,000 per 100,0000. Saskatchewan and Manitoba both had rates between 10,000 and 20,000. The provinces with the lowest crime rates were British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador, with crime rates between 0 to 10,000 per 100,000. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure A2 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0177-01, Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, Canada, provinces, territories and Census Metropolitan Areas

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime.

The Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Crime Rate reported here is higher than the crime rate reported by Statistics Canada.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table A2 Police-reported crime rate. Rate per 100,000
Province/Territory 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Newfoundland & Labrador

6,501 6,042 6,042 6,687 6,728

Prince Edward Island

5,013 4,713 5,392 6,279 5,506

Nova Scotia

5,590 5,732 5,686 5,873 5,851

New Brunswick

5,276 5,753 6,056 6,752 6,763

Quebec

4,233 4,330 4,165 4,066 3,593

Ontario

4,091 4,259 4,509 4,544 4,044

Manitoba

9,508 9,758 9,998 10,864 10,115

Saskatchewan

13,511 12,983 12,665 12,898 12,224

Alberta

9,026 9,335 9,392 10,027 8,722

British Columbia

8,489 8,090 8,251 9,574 8,532

Yukon Territories

23,543 22,191 21,638 26,391 25,818

Northwest Territories

43,320 44,537 45,461 55,470 60,422

Nunavut

35,935 36,912 40,094 49,158 53,284

Canada

5,987 6,056 6,152 6,492 5,856

Table A2 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0177-01, Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime.

The Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Crime Rate reported here is higher than the crime rate reported by Statistics Canada.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Police-reported violent victimization: 5-year trend

Figure A3 Number of police-reported violent victimizations from 2016 to 2020
Figure A3
Image description

Line graph showing the police-reported violent victimization rates for a 5-year period from 2016 to 2020. The graph reports the crime categories of assaults, other violent violations, sexual assault, sexual violations against children, criminal code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm, violations causing death or attempted murder, as well as providing a total. The criminal code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm, and violations causing death or attempted murder trends were the lowest, remaining relatively consistent from 2016 to 2020. Sexual violations against children increased steadily from 2016 until its peak in 2019, then decreased in 2020. The number of sexual assaults also rose steadily until an apex in 2019, decreasing in 2020. The crimes categorized as other violent violations rose slightly until 2019, then decreased in 2020. The assaults also rose slightly until 2019, then decreased in 2020, increasing from 2016 until the peak in 2019 then slightly dropping in 2020. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure A3 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0049-01, Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Footnote *

Sexual violations against children are a set of Criminal Code violations that specifically concern violations involving child and youth victims. These include violations such as sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching and sexual exploitation, but exclude sexual violations not specific to children.

Return to footnote * referrer

Includes dangerous operation of a motor vehicle, failure to stop and other Criminal Code traffic violations.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime.

Excludes victims where age is over 89.

Figure A3 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F4 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table A3 Number of police-reported violent victimization from 2016 to 2020
Type of Crime 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Assaults

218,238 225,350 234,398 259,175 253,510

Other violent violations

92,182 95,569 96,302 103,271 102,790

Sexual assault (levels 1, 2, 3)

20,748 23,905 27,561 30,081 27,755

Sexual violations against children

6,428 7,424 8,239 9,313 9,215

Criminal Code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm

2,910 2,883 2,842 2,841 2,584

Violations causing death and attempted murder

1,472 1,538 1,579 1,624 1,680

Total

341,978 356,669 370,921 406,305 397,534

Table A3 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0049-01, Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Sexual violations against children are a set of Criminal Code violations that specifically concern violations involving child and youth victims. These include violations such as sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching and sexual exploitation, but exclude sexual violations not specific to children.

Includes dangerous operation of a motor vehicle, failure to stop and other Criminal Code traffic violations.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime. See A6 to A8 for self-reported rates based on General Social Survey on Canadians’ Safety surveys (victimization), an alternative method of measuring crime.

Excludes victims where age is over 89.

Table A3 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F4 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Police-reported violent victimization of sexual and non-sexual violent offences by age: 5-year trend

Figure A4a. Police-reported victimization of non-sexual violent offences by age. Rate per 100,000
Figure A4a
Image description

Line graph showing the police-reported victimization of non-sexual violent offences by age from calendar year 2017 to 2021. Those under 12 years of age and over 45 years of age reported the least victimizations, which rose slightly over the 5 year trend. For those 12 to 17 years of age, the trend fluctuated each year with the highest point in 2019, and the lowest in 2020. Ages 25 to 44 reported the most victimizations, a number that rose steadily over time. Ages 18 to 24 reported even more victimizations to police than those Aged 25 to 44. While there were fluctuations in the non-sexual violent crime victimizations reported by 18 to 24 year old victims to police, the trend was at its highest point in 2019 and lowest point in 2020. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure A4b. Police-reported victimization of sexual violent offences by age. Rate per 100,000
Figure A4b
Image description

Line graph showing the police-reported victimization by age from calendar year 2017 to 2021 for violent sexual offences. Those over 45 years of age, 25 to 44, under 12, and between 18 to 24 years of age, all had relatively consistent trends in reporting this crime type to police over time. For those aged 12 to 17, rates increased steadily from 2017 to 2019, dropped in 2020, then rose to their apex in 2021. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure A4 Notes

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Non-sexual violent offences include 1) violations causing death and attempted murder, 2) Assaults, 3) other violent violations (e.g., robbery; criminal harassment; indecent/harassing communications; uttering threats; kidnapping, forcible confinement, abduction or hostage taking; trafficking in persons and prostitution; violent firearm violations; extortion; and other violent violations), and Traffic offences causing bodily harm.

Sexual violent offences include 1) sexual assaults, 2) sexual violations against children (e.g., child and youth victims). These include violations such as sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching and sexual exploitation.

Excludes victims where age is over 89.

Figures A4a and A4b in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figures F5a and F5b in the 2020 CCRSO.

The 2020 CCRSO reported rates per 1,000 whereas in the current report, they are per 100,000.

Table A4 Victims of police-reported violent crime by age, sex, and sexual or non-sexual violence. Rate per 100,000
Year Under 12 Age 12 - 17 Ages 18 - 24 Ages 25 - 44 Ages 45 +
Total Gender Boys Girls Total Gender Boys Girls Total Gender Men Women Total Gender Men Women Total Gender Men Women
Victimization of non-sexual violent offences
2017 2.4 2.8 2.0 13.6 14.3 12.9 18.4 16.7 20.3 14.3 13.6 15.1 4.8 5.6 4.1
2018 2.5 2.8 2.1 13.4 13.9 12.9 18.0 16.4 19.8 14.7 13.9 15.5 5.0 5.7 4.3
2019 2.9 3.3 2.4 15.0 15.6 14.3 18.7 17.3 20.3 15.8 14.9 16.7 5.4 6.2 4.6
2020 2.4 2.7 2.1 11.8 11.9 11.7 17.9 16.1 19.9 16.0 15.0 17.0 5.5 6.5 4.7
2021 2.8 3.1 2.5 13.7 13.7 13.7 18.1 16.3 20.1 16.4 15.2 17.6 5.7 6.6 4.9
Victimization of sexual violent offences
2017 1.2 0.6 1.8 4.6 0.9 8.5 1.8 0.3 3.5 0.7 0.1 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.3
2018 1.3 0.6 1.9 5.1 1.0 9.3 2.1 0.3 4.0 0.8 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.3
2019 1.5 0.7 2.2 5.6 1.1 10.3 2.1 0.3 4.1 0.8 0.1 1.6 0.2 0.0 0.3
2020 1.4 0.7 2.2 5.1 1.0 9.4 2.0 0.3 3.8 0.8 0.1 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.3
2021 1.7 0.7 2.7 6.5 1.2 12.0 2.2 0.3 4.2 0.9 0.2 1.7 0.2 0.0 0.3

Table A4 Notes

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Non-sexual violent offences include 1) violations causing death and attempted murder, 2) Assaults, 3) other violent violations (e.g., robbery; criminal harassment; indecent/harassing communications; uttering threats; kidnapping, forcible confinement, abduction or hostage taking; trafficking in persons and prostitution; violent firearm violations; extortion; and other violent violations), and Traffic offences causing bodily harm.

Sexual violent offences include 1) sexual assaults, 2) sexual violations against children (e.g., child and youth victims). These include violations such as sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching and sexual exploitation.

Excludes victims where age is over 89.

Tables A4a and A4b in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Tables F5a and F5b in the 2020 CCRSO.

The 2020 CCRSO reported rates per 1,000 whereas in the current report, they are per 100,000.

Police-reported violent crime by type and gender of victim

Figure A5a. Number of victims of police-reported violent crime by type (2020)
Figure A5a
Image description

Bar graph showing the number of victims of police-reported violent crime by type in calendar year 2020. Assault was the most common crime that was reported to police with 253,510 victims; followed by a category called “other violent violations” with 102,790 victims reporting their victimization to the police; sexual assault with 27,755 victims; sexual violations against children with 9,215 victims; Criminal Code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm with 2,584 victims; and finally, violations causing death and attempted murder with 1,680 victims. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure A5b. Victims of police-reported violent crime by type and gender of victim (2020)
Figure A5b
Image description

Bar graph showing the gender of the victims of violent crime whose victimization was reported to the police in calendar year 2020. Assaults, other violent offences, and criminal code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm were all relatively evenly represented by the gender of the victim. Sexual assault and sexual violations against children were mainly perpetrated upon victims that are women or girls, at over 80 percent of all offences of this type. The victims of “violations causing death” or of “attempted murder” were primarily boys and men at 70 percent. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure A5 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0049-01, Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

*Sexual violations against children are a set of Criminal Code violations that specifically concern violations involving child and youth victims. These include violations such as sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching and sexual exploitation, but exclude sexual violations not specific to children.

**Criminal Code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm includes dangerous operation of a motor vehicle, failure to stop and other Criminal Code traffic violations.

Excludes victims where age is over 89.

Figures A5a and A5b in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F6a and F6b in the 2020 CCRSO.

The 2020 CCRSO reported rates per 1,000 whereas in the current report, they are per 100,000.

Table A5 Police-reported violent crime by type and gender of victim (2020)
Type of Crime Gender of Victim Total
Girls and Women Boys and Men Not Reported
# % # % # % # %
Assaults 123,710 58.7 128,993 69.5 807 74.4 253,510 63.8
Other violent violations 52,993 25.1 49,620 26.7 177 16.3 102,790 25.9
Sexual assault 24,881 11.8 2,814 1.5 60 5.5 27,755 7.0
Sexual violations against children 7,715 3.7 1,480 0.8 20 1.8 9,215 2.3
Criminal Code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm 1,129 0.5 1,444 0.8 11 1.0 2,584 0.7
Violations causing death and attempted murder 409 0.2 1,262 0.7 9 0.8 1,680 0.4
Total 210,837 185,613 1,084 397,534

Table A5 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0049-01, Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada

Sexual violations against children are a set of Criminal Code violations that specifically concern violations involving child and youth victims. These include violations such as sexual interference, invitation to sexual touching and sexual exploitation, but exclude sexual violations not specific to children.

Criminal Code traffic violations causing death or bodily harm includes dangerous operation of a motor vehicle, failure to stop and other Criminal Code traffic violations.

Excludes victims where age is over 89.

Table A5 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F6 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Self-reported victimization rate

Figure A6 Victims of self-reported crime by type (2019). Rate per 100,000
Figure A6
Image description

Bar graph showing the number of victims of crime per 100,000 population that self-reported an experience of criminal victimization in calendar year 2019. Theft of personal property was the most frequent criminal victimization experienced by the public with 9,800 victims per 100,000 people; followed by theft of household property with 6,500 victims per 100,000 people; assault with 4,600 victims; vandalism with 4,500 victims; break and enter with 4,200 victims; sexual assault with 3,000 victims; motor vehicle or parts theft with 2,000 victims; and finally, robbery with 700 victims. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure A6 Notes

Source: General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety, Statistics Canada.

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety are reported per 1,000 population, these are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police reported rates.

Total household victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, the most recent data available is from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Figure A6 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F3 in the 2020 CCRSO. The 2020 CCRSO reported rates per 1,000 whereas in the current report, they are per 100,000 to allow for easier comparison to police-reported crime rates.

Table A6 Victims of self-reported crime by type (2019). Rate per 100,000
Type of Violent Victimization Rate

Theft of Personal Property

9,800

Theft of Household Property

6,500

Physical Assault

4,600

Vandalism

4,500

Break and Enter

4,200

Sexual Assault

3,000

Motor Vehicle/Parts Theft

2,000

Robbery

700

Total Household Victimization

17,200

Total Violent Victimization

8,300

Table A6 Notes

Source: General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety, Statistics Canada.

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety are reported per 1,000 population, these are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police reported rates.

Total household victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, the most recent data available is from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Table A6 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F3 in the 2020 CCRSO. The 2020 CCRSO reported rates per 1,000 whereas in the current report, they are per 100,000 to allow for easier comparison to police-reported crime rates.

Self-reported violent victimization rate by type, gender, and age

Figure A7a. Self-reported violent victimization rate by type and gender (2019). Rate per 100,000
Figure A5b
Image description

Bar graph showing the self-reported violent victimization rate by age and gender in calendar year 2019 per 100,000 population. Of the 15 to 24 age group, women accounted for 25,700 self-reported violent crimes and men accounted for 10,300. Of the 25 to 34 age group, women accounted for 17,900 self-reported violent crimes and men accounted for 9,100. Of the 35 to 44 age group, women accounted for 8,300 of violent crime victims and men accounted for 7,500. Of the 45 to 54 age group, women accounted for 9,800 of violent victimizations and men accounted for 4,200 of self-reported violent victims. Of the 55 to 64 age group, women accounted for 4,500 victims and men accounted for 3,900. Of the 65 and older age group, women accounted for 2,400 of self-reported violent crimes and men accounted for 1,500. Full data are available below.

Figure A7b. Self-reported violent victimization rate by age (2019). Rate per 100,000
Figure A7b
Image description

Bar graph showing the number of violent victimizations that were self-reported as being experienced by Canadians by offence type and gender per 100,000 population in calendar year 2019. Of the total number of victims of violent crime, women accounted for 10,600 of victimizations and men accounted for 5,900. Of people being sexually assaulted, women accounted for 5,000 people per 100,000 reporting this victimization in 2019 and men accounted for 900 victims per 100,000 people. Experiences of being victimized by a robbery were similar, with both women and men being victimized by this offence at a rate of about 700 victimizations per 100,000 population. For the physical assault rate, women accounted for 4,900 of the self-reported victimizations and men accounted for 4,300. Full data are available below.

Figure A7 Notes

Source: General Social Survey (GSS), Statistics Canada.

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety are reported per 1,000 population, these are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police reported rates.

Total household victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, the most recent data available is from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Figures A7a and A7b in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figures F2a and F2b in the 2020 CCRSO. The 2020 CCRSO reported rates per 1,000 whereas in the current report, they are per 100,000 to allow for easier comparison to police-reported crime rates.

Table A7a. Self-reported violent victimization rate by type and gender (2019). Rate per 100,000
Type of Violent Victimization Women Men

Sexual Assault

5,000 900

Robbery

700 700

Physical Assault

4,900 4,300

Total Violent Victimization

10,600 5,900
Table A7b. Self-reported violent victimization rate by age (2019). Rate per 100,000
Age Group Women Men

15 to 24

25,700 10,300

25 to 34

17,900 9,100

35 to 44

8,300 7,500

45 to 54

9,800 4,200

55 to 64

4,500 3,900

65 and older

2,400 1,500

Table A7 Notes

Source: General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety, Statistics Canada.

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety are reported per 1,000 population, these are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police reported rates.

Total household victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, the most recent data available is from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Tables A7a and A7b in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Tables F2a and F2b in the 2020 CCRSO. The 2020 CCRSO reported rates per 1,000 whereas in the current report, they are per 100,000 to allow for easier comparison to police-reported crime rates.

Self-reported victimization reported to police by crime

Figure A8 Percentage of self-reported victimization reported to police (2019)
Figure A8
Image description

Bar graph showing what percentage of criminal victimizations of members of the public were also reported to a police service in calendar year 2019. Motor vehicle or parts theft was the crime most frequently reported to the police with 52 percent of victimizations of this type being reported to the police; followed by robbery with 47 percent of all victimizations being reported to the police; break and enter offences were reported to the police about 45 percent of the time; vandalism 37 percent of the time; only 36 percent of the physical assaults that were experienced were reported to the police; theft of personal property was reported to the police 28 percent of the time; theft of household property offences were reported to the police in only about 1 in 5 instances; and, finally, of the offence types for which victimization data is available, sexual assaults were only reported to the police 6 percent of the time this offence occurred. Of total household victimizations, 35 percent were reported to the police; of total violent victimizations, 24 percent were reported to the police; and of total victimizations, 29 percent were reported to the police. Full data are available below.

Figure A8 Notes

Source: General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety, Statistics Canada.

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety are reported per 1,000 population, these are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police reported rates.

Total household victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, the most recent data available is from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Figure A8 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F1 in the 2020 CCRSO. The 2020 CCRSO reported rates per 1,000 whereas in the current report, they are per 100,000 to allow for easier comparison to police-reported crime rates.

Table A8 Percentage of self-reported victimization reported to police (2019)
Type of Victimization Percent Reported to Police

Motor Vehicle/Parts Theft

52

Robbery

47

Break and Enter

45

Vandalism

37

Physical Assault

36

Theft of Personal Property

28

Theft of Household Property

20

Sexual Assault

6

Total Household Victimization

35

Total Violent Victimization

24

Total Victimization

29

Table A8 Notes

Source: General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety, Statistics Canada.

General Social Survey (GSS) Canadians’ Safety are reported per 1,000 population, these are converted to per 100,000 in the CCRSO for ease of comparison with police reported rates.

Total household victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: motor vehicle/parts theft, break and enter, vandalism, theft of household property.

Total violent victimization includes the following categories asked in the General Social Survey: physical assault, sexual assault, and robbery.

The GSS Canadians’ Safety is conducted every 5 years, the most recent data available is from 2019. The GSS excludes those under age 15.

Table A8 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F1 in the 2020 CCRSO. The 2020 CCRSO reported rates per 1,000 whereas in the current report, they are per 100,000 to allow for easier comparison to police-reported crime rates.

The rate of adults charged

Figure A9 Rate of adults charged. Rate per 100,000
Figure A9
Image description

Line graph of the number of adults charged with a Criminal Code offence, by total offences and by types of offences per 100,000 population. Starting in calendar year 2011 there were just over 2,000 criminal offenders charged per 100,000 Canadians, dropping to around 1,800 offenders being charged per 100,000 between 2012 and 2018, seeing a more slight increase to nearly 2,000 offenders being charged again in 2019, precipitously dropping to nearly 1,750 offenders being charged per 100,000 in 2020. From 2011 to 2020 “Other Criminal Code” offences increased from just over 500 per 100,000 to at least 600 per 100,000 only to drop back to 500 in the year 2020. Violent crimes have remained fairly stable over this period at just over 500 charges per 100,000 population. Property offences went from under 500 per 100,000 in 2011 to under 400 by 2019, falling off quickly to around 300 by 2020. Traffic offender charges went from just over 250 per 100,000 in 2011 to less than 250 in 2020. Drug offence charges saw the most steady decline over this period dropping from just under 250 charges per 100,000 in 2011 to around 100 per 100,000 in 2020. “Other Federal statue” offences have remained stable in very low numbers at a rate far lower than 100 per 100,000 Canadians.

Figure A9 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0177-01, Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, Canada, provinces, territories and Census Metropolitan Areas

Other Criminal Code offences includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statutes refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

Unlike Statistics Canada, the total crime rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment. Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure A9 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure A5 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table A9 Rate of adults charged. Rate per 100,000
Year Violent Property Traffic Other CCC Drugs Total Other Fed. Stat. Total Charged
1998 563 677 374 430 168 12 2,236
1999 590 632 371 396 185 18 2,203
2000 615 591 349 411 198 16 2,190
2001 641 584 349 451 202 18 2,256
2002 617 569 336 460 199 18 2,211
2003 598 573 326 476 172 15 2,168
2004 584 573 314 490 187 22 2,180
2005 589 550 299 479 185 22 2,131
2006 594 533 300 498 198 20 2,150
2007 577 499 298 521 208 20 2,132
2008 576 487 307 540 207 22 2,149
2009 585 490 311 532 201 20 2,152
2010 576 473 295 545 211 22 2,132
2011 548 441 271 527 213 23 2,034
2012 541 434 269 536 203 25 2,020
2013 505 417 242 519 200 18 1,910
2014 489 399 233 520 191 13 1,849
2015 501 403 230 535 182 15 1,872
2016 511 381 222 609 171 18 1,915
2017 515 375 208 635 157 12 1,906
2018 527 387 204 667 138 13 1,941
2019 563 408 214 683 113 16 1,999
2020 551 324 196 556 110 19 1,757

Table A9 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0177-01, Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, Canada, provinces, territories and Census Metropolitan Areas

Other Criminal Code offences (Other CCC) includes administration of justice offences, counterfeit, weapons/firearms violations, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statutes refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment. Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle theft, other theft, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Total charges in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the total charges reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

Due to rounding, rates may not add up to totals.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table A9 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table A5 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Criminal Code and other Federal Statute charges among adults

Figure A10 Type of Charge (2019-20)
Figure A10
Image description

Bar graph showing Criminal Code and other Federal Statute charges among adults by type of charge in fiscal year 2019 to 20. Crimes against the person accounted for 26.9 percent of charges, with common assault representing 10.2 percent of those charges. Crimes against property accounted for 24.1 percent of charges, with theft representing 9.3 percent of those charges. Administration of justice accounted for 22.0 percent of chargers, with fail to comply with order representing 9.0 percent of those charges. Other Criminal Code accounted for 6.9 percent of charges, with residual Criminal Code representing 3.3 percent of those charges. Criminal Code Traffic accounted for 12.3 percent of charges, with impaired driving representing 9.7 percent of those charges. Finally, other Federal Statutes accounted for 7.8 percent of charges, with residual Federal Statutes representing 4.0 percent of those charges. Full data are available below.

Figure A10 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0027-01, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Administration of justice includes the offences failure to appear, breach of probation, and unlawfully at large.

Other Criminal Code offences includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act, Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the most serious decision rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the most serious offence rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale. Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure A10 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure A6 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table A10 Type of Charge
Type of Charge 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Crimes Against the Person

80,824 85,112 89,159 82,797 84,052
Homicide and Related
259 364 376 334 316
Attempted Murder
206 203 202 214 167
Robbery
3,358 3,576 3,535 3,091 3,102
Sexual Assault
2,844 3,109 3,277 3,325 3,494
Other Sexual Offences
3,695 3,950 4,345 3,971 3,941
Major Assault (Levels 2 & 3)
18,900 20,201 20,804 19,604 20,326
Common Assault (Level 1)
30,494 31,647 35,112 32,247 31,912
Uttering Threats
14,879 15,261 13,912 12,966 13,597
Criminal Harassment
3,345 3,538 3,749 3,310 3,590
Other Crimes Against Persons
2,844 3,263 3,847 3,735 3,607

Crimes Against Property

81,187 85,467 82,529 73,682 75,067
Theft
35,197 36,138 32,710 28,292 29,108
Break and Enter
9,325 9,968 9,706 9,179 9,494
Fraud
11,476 12,728 12,599 11,005 11,235
Mischief
12,411 12,955 13,165 12,111 11,941
Possession of Stolen Property
10,929 11,646 11,981 10,593 10,680
Other Property Crimes
1,849 2,032 2,368 2,502 2,609

Administration of Justice

78,195 80,940 73,809 67,925 68,492
Fail to Appear
4,113 4,442 4,159 4,461 4,126
Breach of Probation
30,396 30,955 29,008 26,047 27,169
Unlawfully at Large
2,591 2,693 2,872 2,705 2,714
Fail to Comply with Order
33,290 34,632 30,080 27,680 27,721
Other Admin. Justice
7,805 8,218 7,690 7,032 6,762

Other Criminal Code

18,552 20,447 23,458 22,007 21,545
Weapons
10,340 10,958 11,322 10,704 10,734
Prostitution
172 402 52 23 10
Disturbing the Peace
1,054 938 740 632 625
Residual Criminal Code
6,986 8,149 11,344 10,648 10,176

Criminal Code Traffic

46,086 45,833 44,197 39,346 38,423
Impaired Driving
36,308 35,993 34,941 30,721 30,104
Other CC Traffic
9,778 9,840 9,256 8,625 8,319

Other Federal Statutes

39,390 38,371 36,302 29,691 24,361
Drug Possession
12,517 10,675 8,592 6,531 4,925
Other Drug Offences
8,550 8,506 8,139 7,429 6,434
Residual Federal Statutes
17,147 18,179 18,695 14,975 12,336
Total Offences 344,234 356,170 349,454 315,448 311,940

Table A10 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0027-01, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Administration of justice includes the offences failure to appear, breach of probation, and unlawfully at large.

Other Criminal Code offences includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the most serious decision rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the most serious offence rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale. Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add up to 100 percent.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table A10 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table A6 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Decisions in adult criminal court

Figure A11 Cases in adult criminal court and admissions to custody (2019-20)
Figure A11
Image description

Bar illustration showing the number of cases in adult criminal court and admissions to custody in the 2019 to 20 fiscal year. Of the total number of cases in adult criminal court, which was 311,940 cases, the number of cases with guilty findings accounted for 189,546 cases and cases without guilting findings accounted for 122,394 cases. Of the total admissions to custody, which was 69,904 cases, warrant of committal admissions to federal jurisdiction accounted for 4,645 cases and sentenced admissions to provincial or territorial custody accounted for 64,948 cases. Full data are available below.

Figure A11 Notes

Sources: Table 35-10-0027-01, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada; Table 35-10-0018-01, Adult Correctional Services, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada;

Correctional Service of Canada.

The decision type guilty includes guilty of the offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.

This figure only includes cases in provincial court and partial data from Superior Court. Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition.

Court and prison data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 1 through March 31).

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC's Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year's publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure A11 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure A8 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table A11 Cases in adult criminal court and admissions to custody
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Total Case DecisionsFootnote * in Adult Criminal CourtFootnote 1 356,170 349,454 315,448 311,940 Not availableFootnote **
Cases with Guilty Findings in Adult Criminal CourtFootnote 1 224,410 217,433 193,889 189,546 Not availableFootnote **
Total Cases without Guilty Findings in Criminal CourtFootnote 1 131,760 132,021 121,559 122,394 Not availableFootnote **
AcquittedFootnote 1
13,029 12,637 11,340 9,714 Not availableFootnote **
Stayed or withdrawnFootnote 1
114,554 115,291 106,200 109,008 Not availableFootnote **
Other decisionsFootnote 1
4,177 4,093 4,019 3,672 Not availableFootnote **
Sentenced Admissions to Provincial/Territorial CustodyFootnote 2 84,543 80,759 72,312 64,948 Not availableFootnote **
Warrant of Committal-Admission to FED (CSC)Footnote 3 4,907 5,001 5,014 4,645 3,133

Table A11 Notes

The decision type guilty includes guilty of the offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed. This figure only includes cases convicted in provincial court and partial data from Superior Court. Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

Police data are reported on a calendar year basis whereas court and prison data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 1 through March 31).

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC's Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year's publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Table A11 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table A8 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Length of adult custodial sentences

Figure A12 Length of prison sentence ordered by the court (2019-20)
Figure A12
Image description

Bar graph showing the length of adult prison sentences ordered by the court by gender in the 2019 to 20 fiscal year. Women accounted for more sentences of 1 month or less than men. Men accounted for more sentences than women across all other sentence lengths, including: 1 month to 6 months; 6 months to 12 months; 1 year to 2 years; and 2 years or more. Full data are available below.

Figure A12 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0032-01, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Length unknown includes indeterminate custody sentences. In some provinces/territories, particularly British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Quebec and New Brunswick, the unknown category may include guilty cases with custody where the custodial sentence ordered has already been served and the time remaining is equal to zero.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, totals may not add up to 100 percent.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure A12 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure A7 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table A12 Length of prison sentence ordered by the court
Length of Prison Sentence 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
% % % % %
1 month or less
Females
64.4 63.7 62.8 59.5 55.1
Males
51.9 52.0 50.3 49.4 46.7
Total
49.4 49.4 47.8 46.9 44.8
More than 1 month up to 6 months
Females
22.8 22.0 22.2 23.8 26.1
Males
30.4 29.9 30.1 29.9 31.1
Total
27.7 27.2 27.2 27.3 28.5
More than 6 months up to 12 months
Females
3.3 3.3 3.6 3.3 3.8
Males
5.5 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.8
Total
5.0 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.2
More than 1 year up to less than 2 years
Females
1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8
Males
3.3 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3
Total
3.0 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0
2 years or More
Females
2.2 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.9
Males
3.6 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.5
Total
3.2 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.1
Length unknown
Females
5.5 7.2 7.8 9.6 11.3
Males
5.3 6.5 7.4 8.3 9.5
Total
11.7 12.9 14.1 14.8 15.4

Table A12 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0032-01, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Total includes the following categories: Males, Females, Company, and Sex Unknown.

Length unknown includes indeterminate custody sentences. In some provinces/territories, particularly British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Quebec and New Brunswick, the unknown category may include guilty cases with custody where the custodial sentence ordered has already been served and the time remaining is equal to zero.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Integrated Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, totals may not add up to 100 percent.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table A12 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table A7 in the 2020 CCRSO.

The rate of youth charged

Figure A13 Rate of youth charged. Rate per 100,000
Figure A13
Image description

Line graph of the rate of youth charged with a criminal offence, by total offences, and by offence type, from calendar year 2011 to 2020. The total number of youth charged went from over 2,600 per 100,000 young Canadians to close to 1,000 youth being charged in 2020. The charging rates for youth in specific crime categories did not decline as quickly. All rates except that for violent crime and traffic offences declined every year between 2011 and 2020. Violent crime declined from over 800 per 100,000 in 2011 to a low of just over 600 in 2015, rising again to close to 700 per 100,00 in 2019, to decline steeply to closer to 500 in 2020. From 2011 to 2020, youth charged with property offences went from around 800 per 100,000 Canadian youth to close to 200; “Other Criminal Code” offences went from around 600 to around 300; drug offences went from about 250 charges per 100,000 to about only 10 youth being charged per 100,000; “other Federal statute” offences declined from a handful of cases to nearly zero. Criminal traffic offences declined from about 15 per 100,000 to nearly zero over the period.

Figure A13 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0177-01, Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Other Criminal Code offences includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons aged 12 to 17.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years old).

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment. Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle theft, other theft, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

The total charges in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal charges. As a result, the total charges reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure A13 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure A9 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table A13 Rate of youth charged. Rate per 100,000
Year Violent Property Traffic Other CCC Drugs Total Other Fed. Stat. Total Charged
1998 994 2500

--

870 226 4 4,595
1999 1060 2237

--

728 266 2 4,293
2000 1136 2177

--

760 317 4 4,393
2001 1157 2119

--

840 343 6 4,466
2002 1102 2009

--

793 337 6 4,247
2003 953 1570

--

726 208 5 3,464
2004 918 1395

--

691 230 5 3,240
2005 924 1276

--

660 214 10 3,084
2006 917 1216

--

680 240 16 3,068
2007 943 1211 75 732 260 17 3,239
2008 909 1130 74 730 267 19 3,130
2009 888 1143 68 698 238 30 3,065
2010 860 1035 62 669 255 31 2,912
2011 806 904 58 636 263 31 2,697
2012 765 842 58 629 240 20 2,556
2013 692 722 45 554 229 10 2,252
2014 625 625 42 526 198 6 2,022
2015 614 603 44 518 159 10 1,946
2016 634 503 40 512 135 11 1,836
2017 668 459 37 482 117 6 1,769
2018 655 399 34 427 87 5 1,607
2019 702 348 33 384 47 6 1,521
2020 528 210 31 254 38 6 1,068

Table A13 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0177-01, Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, Canada, provinces, territories and Census Metropolitan Areas

Other Criminal Code offences (Other CCC) includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons age 12 to 17.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years old). Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment. Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle theft, other theft, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Total charges in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and violations of federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the total charges reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication

Table A13 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table A9 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Criminal Code and other Federal Statute charges among youth

Figure A14 Percentage of all Criminal Code and other federal statute charges (2019-20)
Figure A14
Image description

Bar graph showing the proportion of all Criminal Code and other federal statute crime types that were charged against youth offenders, highlighting the most common offence in the offence category, for the 2019 to 20 fiscal year. Crimes against the person accounted for 46.1 percent of total charges against youthful offenders, with common assault representing 12.7 percent of those charges. Crimes against property accounted for 27.4 percent of total charges, with theft representing 8.8 percent of those charges. Administration of justice accounted for 8.0 percent of total charges, with fail to comply with order representing 4.8 percent of those charges. Other Criminal Code accounted for 7.6 percent of total charges, with weapons or firearms representing 6.1 percent of those charges. Other Federal Statutes accounted for 9.3 percent of total charges, with Youth Criminal Justice Act representing 6.2 percent of those charges. Finally, Criminal Code traffic accounted for 1.6 percent of total charges. Full data are available below.

Figure A14 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0038-01, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Administration of justice includes the offences failure to appear, breach of probation, and unlawfully at large.

Other Criminal Code offences includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the most serious decision rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the most serious offence rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure A14 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure A10 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table A14 Number of all Criminal Code and other federal statute charges
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
Crimes Against the Person 9,653 9,917 10,586 10,183 10,174
Common Assault
2,586 2,641 2,923 2,651 2,794
Major Assault
2,094 2,149 2,154 2,076 2,099
Sexual Assault/Other Sexual Offences
1,442 1,536 1,701 1,794 1,780
Robbery
1,475 1,516 1,650 1,524 1,467
Homicide and Attempted Murder
55 54 43 49 41
Other Crimes Against the Person
2,001 2,021 2,115 1,977 1,993
Crimes Against Property 10,652 9,627 8,609 7,211 6,038
Theft
3,671 3,280 2,822 2,397 1,951
Break and Enter
2,386 2,193 1,854 1,502 1,126
Mischief
2,091 1,819 1,676 1,460 1,280
Possession of Stolen Property
1,817 1,621 1,490 1,183 1,060
Fraud
377 423 405 385 378
Other Crimes Against Property
310 291 362 284 243
Administration of Justice 3,394 3,113 2,528 2,155 1,766
Failure to Comply with Order
2,209 2,067 1,590 1,370 1,070
Other Administration of Justice
1,185 1,046 938 764 696
Other Criminal Code 1,946 1,888 1,875 1,650 1,688
Weapons/Firearms
1,406 1,408 1,433 1,293 1,344
Residual Criminal Code
468 416 406 331 310
Disturbing the Peace
65 50 33 26 33
Prostitution
7 14 3 0 1
Criminal Code Traffic 569 554 490 426 360
Other Federal Statutes 5,504 4,609 3,831 3,031 2,045
Drug Possession
1,551 1,129 930 703 254
Other Drug Offences
725 653 540 461 326
Youth Criminal Justice Act
3,094 2,701 2,317 1,837 1,371
Residual Federal Statutes
134 126 44 30 94
Total 31,718 29,708 27,919 24,656 22,071

Table A14 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0038-01, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Administration of justice includes the offences failure to appear, breach of probation, and unlawfully at large.

Other Criminal Code offences includes administration of justice violations, weapons/firearms violations, counterfeit, possession of, accessing, making or distribution of child pornography and prostitution.

Other federal statute offences refer to offences against Canadian federal statutes, such as Customs Act, Employment Insurance Act, Firearms Act, Food and Drugs Act (FDA), Income Tax Act, Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) and Narcotic Control Act (NCA). This offence category excludes Criminal Code of Canada offences.

Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the most serious decision rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the most serious offence rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

The Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table A14 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table A10 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Youth criminal court sentences: 5-year trend

Figure A15 Percentage of sentence received in youth criminal court
Figure A15
Image description

Line graph showing the percentages of the types of sentences received in youth criminal court from fiscal year 2015 to 16 until fiscal year 2019 to 20. The proportion of sentences that were for deferred custody and supervision, as well as for fines, were both relatively low at under 5 percent of sentences received by youth offenders. Custody sentences represented 14.9 percent of sentences in fiscal year 2015 to 16, gradually decreasing to 12 percent of sentences in fiscal year 2019 to 20. The trend of community service order began at 24.4 percent, dropping and rising slightly each year with 21.7 percent in fiscal year 2019. The trend for other sentences began at 35.2 percent and rose until it reached its peak in fiscal year 2019 to 20 at 42.3 percent. Lastly, the probation trend increased steadily from 57.2 percent in fiscal year 2015 to 16 to its peak of 59 percent in fiscal year 2019 to 20. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure A15 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0041-01, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Other sentence includes absolute discharge, restitution, prohibition, seizure, forfeiture, compensation, pay purchaser, essays, apologies, counselling programs and conditional discharge, conditional sentence, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand. This category also includes intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand where sentencing data under the Youth Criminal Justice Act are not available.

Cases can have more than one sentence. Therefore, sanctions are not mutually exclusive and will not add to 100%. For all sentencing tables, data are for cases with a guilty finding only. Sentencing information is not available for a small proportion of guilty cases (i.e., approximately 3%, overall). For all sentencing tables, data are for cases with a guilty finding only and for which sentencing information is reported.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure A15 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure A11 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table A15 Percentage of sentence received in youth criminal court
Type of Sentence Sex Year
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
% % % % %
Probation Female 53.6 54.1 54.7 51.7 53.3
Male 59.3 58.8 59.9 60.5 60.5
Total 57.2 56.3 57.3 58.5 59.0
Custody Female 11.7 11.9 7.5 8.9 6.3
Male 15.9 16.5 13.7 13.5 13.3
Total 14.9 15.5 13.0 12.8 12.0
Community Service Order Female 23.5 20.9 21.9 21.6 21.4
Male 27.1 24.4 24.9 24.2 22.7
Total 24.4 22.4 22.9 23.0 21.7
Fine Female 2.8 2.9 2.4 2.0 2.4
Male 2.9 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.1
Total 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.2 2.2
Deferred Custody and Supervision Female 3.3 3.9 3.3 3.4 3.1
Male 4.4 4.7 4.8 5.3 4.9
Total 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.4
Other Sentence Female 35.5 37.7 38.5 41.7 41.8
Male 38.4 39.8 40.6 42.4 43.3
Total 35.2 36.7 37.3 41.1 42.3

Table A15 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0041-01, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Other sentence includes absolute discharge, restitution, prohibition, seizure, forfeiture, compensation, pay purchaser, essays, apologies, counselling programs and conditional discharge, conditional sentence, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand. This category also includes intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand where sentencing data under the Youth Criminal Justice Act are not available.

Cases can have more than one sentence. Therefore, sanctions are not mutually exclusive and will not add to 100%. For all sentencing tables, data are for cases with a guilty finding only. Sentencing information is not available for a small proportion of guilty cases (i.e., approximately 3%, overall). For all sentencing tables, data are for cases with a guilty finding only and for which sentencing information is reported.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table A15 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table A11 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Youth criminal court sentences for most serious sentence: 5-year trend

Figure A16 Percentage of youth criminal court sentence for most serious sentenceFootnote *
Figure A16
Image description

Line graph showing percentages of youth criminal court sentences, for the most serious sentence each received, from fiscal year 2015 to 16 until fiscal year 2019 to 20. The proportion of youth criminal court sentences that were deferred custody and supervision, as well as fines, were both relatively low and consistent over the 5 year timeframe, with each remaining under 5 percent of youth criminal court sentences each. The community service orders were the most serious sentences handed out to youth in 8.6 percent of youth criminal court cases in fiscal year 2015 to 16, then dropped to 7.5 percent in fiscal year 2019 to 20. The sentence of custody was 14.9 percent of sentences in fiscal year 2015 to 16, which rose to 15.5 percent in fiscal year 2016 to 17, before gradually declining to 12 percent in fiscal year 2019 to 20. The category of “Other sentences” accounted for 16.9 percent of all youth criminal court most serious sentences per case in fiscal year 2015 to 16, then rose to 19.2 percent in fiscal year 2019 to 20. Lastly, probation was the most common sentence, accounting for 48.4 percent of youth court sentences in fiscal year 2015 to 16, dropping to its lowest point of 47 percent in fiscal year 2016 to 17, then rising until its highest point in fiscal year 2019 to 20 at 50.9 percent. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure A16 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0042-01, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Other sentence includes absolute discharge, restitution, prohibition, seizure, forfeiture, compensation, pay purchaser, essays, apologies, counselling programs and conditional discharge, conditional sentence, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand. This category also includes intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand where sentencing data under the Youth Criminal Justice Act are not available.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure A16 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure A12 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table A16 Percentage of youth criminal court sentence for most serious sentenceFootnote *
Type of Sentence Sex Year
2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
% % % % %
Probation Female 47.6 47.0 50.1 47.8 49.2
Male 48.6 47.5 50.4 50.9 51.1
Total 48.4 47.0 49.6 50.3 50.9
Custody Female 11.7 11.9 7.5 8.9 6.3
Male 15.9 16.5 13.6 13.5 13.3
Total 14.9 15.5 13.0 12.7 12.0
Community Service Order Female 9.4 8.5 9.2 9.2 8.4
Male 8.4 7.9 8.1 7.3 6.4
Total 8.6 8.5 8.7 8.3 7.5
Deferred Custody and Supervision Female 3.1 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.1
Male 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.2 4.8
Total 3.9 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.3
Fine Female 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.0 2.1
Male 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.7
Total 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.0 1.8
Other Sentence Female 18.5 19.6 20.8 22.8 24.4
Male 16.1 16.5 16.1 17.3 18.7
Total 16.9 17.5 17.2 17.9 19.2

Table A16 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0042-01, Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Other sentence includes absolute discharge, restitution, prohibition, seizure, forfeiture, compensation, pay purchaser, essays, apologies, counselling programs and conditional discharge, conditional sentence, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand. This category also includes intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand where sentencing data under the Youth Criminal Justice Act are not available.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Integrated Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table A16 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table A12 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Incarceration rates across Western and European countries

Figure A17 Prison population (2021). Rate per 100,000
Figure A17
Image description

Bar graph showing the prison populations of 15 Western and European countries, per 100,000 population, for the calendar year 2021. Compared to the median prison population rate of 92 per 100,000, countries with prison population rates above the median include the United States with 629 people being incarcerated per 100,000 citizens; Australia with 165; New Zealand with 150; Scotland with 138; England and Wales with 132; Canada with 104; France with 103; and Italy with 92. Countries below the median prison population rate per 100,000 include Austria with 90; Switzerland and Sweden with 73 each; Denmark and Germany with 71 each; Norway with 57; and Finland with 50. Full data are available below.

Figure A17 Notes

Source: World Prison Brief, Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research (ICPR) (www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total).

The median is the middle value where half the values fall below the median and the other half above. The median is the preferred way to measure the average when there is an extreme outlier in the data.

The incarceration rate presented here is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Brief hosted by the Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research (ICPR) are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. The data was retrieved online on February 16th, 2022 from http://www.prisonstudies.org which contains the most up-to-date information available. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Figure A17 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure A3 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table A17 Prison population. Rate per 100,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

United States

730 716 707 698 693 666 655 655 639 629

New Zealand

194 192 190 190 203 214 214 201 188 150

England & Wales

154 148 149 148 147 146 140 140 131 132

Scotland

151 147 144 144 142 138 143 149 136 138

Australia

129 130 143 151 152 168 172 170 160 165

Canada

114 118 118 106 114 114 114 107 104 104

Italy

109 106 88 86 90 95 98 101 89 92

Austria

104 98 99 95 93 94 98 98 95 90

France

102 101 102 100 103 103 100 105 90 103

Germany

83 79 81 78 78 77 75 77 69 71

Switzerland

76 82 87 84 83 82 81 81 80 73

Sweden

70 67 57 60 53 57 59 61 68 73

Denmark

74 73 67 61 58 59 63 63 68 72

Norway

73 72 75 71 74 74 63 60 49 57

Finland

59 58 55 57 55 57 51 53 53 50

Table A17 Notes

Source: World Prison Brief, Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research (ICPR) (www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total).

Table A17 and A18 display the same data.

The incarceration rate presented here is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Brief hosted by the Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research (ICPR) are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. The data was retrieved online on February 16th, 2022 from http://www.prisonstudies.org which contains the most up-to-date information available. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Table A17 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table A3 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Incarceration rates across Western and European countries: 10-year trend

Figure A18 Prison population. Rate per 100,000
Figure A18
Image description

Line graph showing the prison population across six Western and European countries, per 100,000 population, from calendar year 2012 to 2021. Denmark had the lowest incarceration rate, which experienced a downward trend towards 2014 and 2016 before rising slightly over time until 2021. Canada had the next lowest incarceration rate history with its highest incarceration rate being seen in 2013 and 2014 at 118 per 100,000, while Canada’s lowest incarcerations rates were in 2020 and 2021 at 104 per 100,000. Australia had the next lowest incarceration rate, with 154 people being imprisoned per 100,000 in 2012, then decreasing slightly until reaching an incarceration rate of 123 per 100,000 in 2021. New Zealand had an incarceration rate of 194 per 100,000 in 2012, which decreased slightly until its lowest point in 2014 and 2015 at 190 per 100,000, prior to rising to its highest point in 2017 and 2018, at 214 per 100,000, before decreasing again to 150 per 100,000 in 2021. Finally, the United States had, by far, the highest incarceration rate of the six countries examined, with 730 Americans being imprisoned per 100,000 citizens in 2012 then gradually decreasing until the United States reached the incarceration rate of 629 people per 100,000 in 2021. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure A18 Notes

Source: World Prison Brief, Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research (ICPR) (www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total).

The incarceration rate presented here is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Brief hosted by the Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research (ICPR) are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. The data was retrieved online on February 16th, 2022, from http://www.prisonstudies.org which contains the most up to-date information available. Different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Figure A18 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure A4 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table A18 Prison population. Rate per 100,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

United States

730 716 707 698 693 666 655 655 639 629

New Zealand

194 192 190 190 203 214 214 201 188 150

Australia

154 148 149 148 147 146 140 140 131 132

Scotland

151 147 144 144 142 138 143 149 136 138

England & Wales

129 130 143 151 152 168 172 170 160 165

Canada

114 118 118 106 114 114 114 107 104 104

Austria

109 106 88 86 90 95 98 101 89 92

France

104 98 99 95 93 94 98 98 95 90

Italy

102 101 102 100 103 103 100 105 90 103

Switzerland

83 79 81 78 78 77 75 77 69 71

Germany

76 82 87 84 83 82 81 81 80 73

Denmark

70 67 57 60 53 57 59 61 68 73

Sweden

74 73 67 61 58 59 63 63 68 72

Finland

73 72 75 71 74 74 63 60 49 57

Norway

59 58 55 57 55 57 51 53 53 50

Table A18 Notes

Source: World Prison Brief, Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research (ICPR) (www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total).

Table A17 and A18 display the same data.

The incarceration rate presented here is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Brief are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. For 2020, the data was retrieved online on February 16th, 2022 at www.prisonstudies.org which contains the most up to date information available. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Table A18 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table A4 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Section B: Corrections Administration

Correction costs federally and provincially/territorially

Figure B1 Costs of federal and provincial/territorial corrections
Figure B1
Image description

Line graph showing the costs of federal and provincial and territorial corrections from fiscal year 2010 to 11 to fiscal year 2020 to 21. In the category of federal costs, operating costs are the largest proportion of correctional budgets across time. Federal operating costs rose from less than 2.5 billion dollars a year in fiscal year 2010 to 11, rising to nearly 2.75 billion dollars in fiscal year 2013 to 14, falling to just over 2 billion dollars in fiscal year 2014 to 15. Federal adjusted costs followed a very similar pattern, but at levels that are roughly 500 million dollars less than operating costs. Over time operating costs have increased ever so slightly more than have adjusted costs. In the category of provincial and territorial corrections costs, operating costs are the largest proportion of correctional budgets over time. Provincial and territorial operating costs increased from under 2 billion dollars in fiscal year 2010 to 11 to over 2.6 billion dollars in fiscal year 2019 to 2020. Provincial and territorial adjusted costs also increased in a similar pattern to that of their operating costs, but adjusted costs did not increase as fast as did spending on operating costs. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure B1 Notes

Sources: Federal costs are from Correctional Service Canada; Office of the Correctional Investigator; Parole Board of Canada. Provincial/Territorial costs are from Table 35-10-0013-01, Adult Correctional Services, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Adjusted costs adjust for the impact of inflation by reporting in constant dollars. Constant dollars (2002) represent dollar amounts calculated on a one-year base that adjusts for inflation, allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable. Changes in the Consumer Price Index were used to calculate constant dollars.

Federal expenditures on corrections include spending by Correctional Service Canada (CSC), the Parole Board of Canada (PBC), and the Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI). Total expenditures represent gross expenditures and exclude revenues. Operating costs include Employee Benefit Plan expenditures. CSC expenditures exclude CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries).

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table B1 Federal corrections costs
Year Current Dollars Constant 2002 Dollars
Operating Capital Total Per capitaFootnote * Operating Capital Total Per capitaFootnote *
  $’000 $ $’000 $
2015-16 CSC 2,189,101 168,684 2,357,785 66.04 1,704,907 131,374 1,836,281 51.43
PBC 46,300 NA 46,300 1.30 36,059 NA 36,059 1.04
OCI 4,656 NA 4,656 0.13 3,626 NA 3,626 0.10
Total 2,240,057 168,684 2,408,741 67.47 1,744,593 131,374 1,875,967 54.04
2016-17 CSC 2,209,048 153,757 2,362,805 65.43 1,694,055 117,912 1,811,966 50.18
PBC 46,800 NA 46,800 1.30 35,890 NA 35,890 1.03
OCI 4,693 NA 4,693 0.13 3,599 NA 3,599 0.10
Total 2,260,541 153,757 2,414,298 66.86 1,733,544 117,912 1,851,455 53.33
2017-18 CSC 2,442,488 185,624 2,628,112 71.91 1,830,951 139,148 1,970,099 53.91
PBC 47,700 NA 47,700 1.31 35,757 NA 35,757 1.03
OCI 4,616 NA 4,616 0.13 3,472 NA 3,472 0.10
Total 2,494,804 185,624 2,680,428 73.35 1,870,179 139,148 2,009,328 57.88
2018-19 CSC 2,352,556 227,793 2,580,349 69.62 1,763,535 170,759 1,934,295 52.19
PBC 49,800 NA 49,800 1.34 37,331 NA 37,331 1.08
OCI 4,631 NA 4,631 0.12 3,472 NA 3,472 0.10
Total 2,406,987 227,793 2,634,780 71.09 1,804,338 170,759 1,975,097 56.90
2019-20 CSC 2,477,237 164,643 2,641,880 70.28 1,821,498 121,061 1,942,558 51.67
PBC 51,500 NA 51,500 1.37 37,868 NA 38,606 1.11
OCI 5,441 NA 5,441 0.14 4,001 NA 4,079 0.12
Total 2,534,178 164,643 2,698,820 71.79 1,863,366 121,061 1,984,426 57.16

Table B1 Notes

Sources: Federal costs are from Correctional Service Canada; Office of the Correctional Investigator; Parole Board of Canada. Provincial/Territorial costs are from Table 35-10-0013-01, Adult Correctional Services, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Due to rounding, constant dollar amounts may not add up to Total.

Constant dollars represent dollar amounts calculated on a one-year base (2002) that adjusts for inflation allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable. Changes in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) were used to calculate constant dollars. The CPI rate for the 2021 CCRSO was based on an average of the monthly CPI for the fiscal year rather than calendar year. This limits comparability of the current data to that reported prior to the 2020 CCRSO.

Federal expenditures on corrections include spending by Correctional Service Canada (CSC), the Parole Board of Canada (PBC), and the Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI). Total expenditures represent gross expenditures and exclude revenues. Operating costs include Employee Benefit Plan expenditures. CSC expenditures exclude CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries).

Costs are rounded to the thousands. Therefore, the per capita rate needs to be multiplied by 1000.

NA is the short form for not applicable.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Number of CSC employees by location

Figure B2 CSC employees at the end of fiscal year (2020-21)
Figure B2
Image description

Bar illustration representing the number of Correctional Service of Canada employees at the end of the 2020 to 21 fiscal year. The bar is divided into three sections: community supervision, custody centres, and headquarters and central services. Community supervision employees are the smallest job category at the Correctional Service of Canada, representing 8.6 percent of employees, which amounts to 1,509 employees. This is followed by jobs at headquarters and central services which represent 15.1 percent of Correctional Service of Canada employees, which represents 2,640 employees. Jobs at custody centres is the most common job category at the Correctional Services of Canada representing 76.2 percent of employees, which represents at total of 13,306 employees. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure B2 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Due to changes in policy, Correctional Officers no longer occupy positions in the community.

CSC has changed its definition of employee. Previously the total number of employees included casual employees, employees on leave without pay and suspended employees. These categories have been removed from the total as of 2005-06. These numbers represent indeterminate and term equal to, or more than 3 months substantive employment; and employee status of active and paid leave current up to March 31, 2021.

Due to rounding, percentage may not add to 100.

Table B2 CSC employees at the end of fiscal year
Service Area March 31, 2011 March 31, 2021
# % # %
Headquarters and Central Services 2,979 16.6 2,640 15.1
Administration 2,530 14.1 2,282 13.1
Health Care 130 0.7 76 0.4
Program Staff 102 0.6 61 0.3
Correctional Officers 41 0.2 44 0.3
Instructors/Supervisors 14 0.1 11 0.1
Parole Officers/Parole SupervisorsFootnote * 1 0.0 1 0.0
OtherFootnote ** 161 0.9 165 0.9
Custody Centres 13,469 75.2 13,309 76.2
Correctional Officers 7,194 40.2 7,030 40.3
Administration 2,079 11.6 1,838 10.5
Health Care 973 5.4 1,036 5.9
Program Staff 942 5.3 1,001 5.7
Parole Officers/Parole SupervisorsFootnote * 708 4.0 590 3.4
Instructors/Supervisors 400 2.2 419 2.4
OtherFootnote ** 1,173 6.6 1,395 8.0
Community Supervision 1,456 8.1 1,509 8.6
Parole Officers/Parole SupervisorsFootnote * 771 4.3 797 4.6
Administration 362 2.0 374 2.1
Program Staff 222 1.2 251 1.4
Health Care 76 0.4 81 0.5
Correctional Officers 14 0.1 0 0
Instructor/Supervisor 1 0.0 0 0
OtherFootnote ** 10 0.1 6 0
Total 17,904 100 17,458 100

Table B2 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Due to changes in policy, Correctional Officers no longer occupy positions in the community.

CSC has changed its definition of employee. Previously the total number of employees included casual employees, employees on leave without pay and suspended employees. These categories have been removed from the total as of 2005-06. These numbers represent indeterminate and term equal to, or more than 3 months substantive employment; and employee status of active and paid leave current up to March 31, 2021.

Due to rounding, percentage may not add to 100.

Cost of incarceration in a federal institution: 5-year trend

Figure B3 Federal average daily inmate cost (current $)
Figure B3
Image description

Line graph showing the federal average daily inmate cost for female, male, and the total number of inmates from 2015 to 2020. Female daily inmate costs are the most prevalent, with trends remaining relatively stable from 2015 to 2016. The trend line increases in 2017, after which it drops slightly in 2018 before reaching its pinnacle in 2020. Far less expensive than the female daily inmate cost, trend lines for the total daily inmate cost and male daily inmate cost share a similar pattern. Costs remain relatively stable from 2015 to 2016, then increasing in 2017, prior to dropping again in 2018. In 2019, trends increase again where they achieve a similar cost to that of 2017. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure B3 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In 2018-19, the methodology of presentation for certain indirect costs was changed to better reflect the direct costs of maintaining an offender.

The average daily inmate cost includes those costs associated with the operation of the institutions such as salaries and employee benefit plan contributions, but excludes capital expenditures and expenditures related to CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within federal institutions).

The intent of an Exchange of Service Agreement is to detail the roles and responsibilities of each jurisdiction and include specific protocols regarding per diem rates, offender information sharing, and invoicing pertaining to the reciprocal exchange of offenders between jurisdictions.

Total incarcerated and community includes additional NHQ & RHQ administrative costs which are not part of the Institutional and/or Community calculations. Offenders in the Community includes: Offenders on conditional release, statutory release or with Long-Term Supervision Order, under CSC supervision.

Figures may not add due to rounding.

Table B3 Annual average cost per offender (current $)
Categories 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20
Maximum Security (males only) 155,848 158,113 169,367 163,642 174,939
Medium Security (males only) 106,868 105,349 115,263 109,660 111,243
Minimum Security (males only) 81,528 83,450 86,603 83,900 92,877
Women’s Facilities 192,742 191,843 212,005 204,474 222,942
Exchange of Services AgreementsFootnote * (both) 114,974 122,998 114,188 122,269 131,322
Incarcerated Average 116,364 116,473 125,466 120,589 126,253
Offenders in the Community 31,052 30,639 32,327 32,037 34,214
Total Incarcerated and Community 94,545 95,654 100,425 99,185 104,963

Table B3 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In 2018-19, the methodology of presentation for certain indirect costs was changed to better reflect the direct costs of maintaining an offender.

The average daily inmate cost includes those costs associated with the operation of the institutions such as salaries and employee benefit plan contributions, but excludes capital expenditures and expenditures related to CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within federal institutions).

Total incarcerated and community includes additional NHQ & RHQ administrative costs which are not part of the Institutional and/or Community calculations. Offenders in the Community includes: Offenders on conditional release, statutory release or with Long-Term Supervision Order, under CSC supervision.

Figures may not add due to rounding.

The number of Parole Board of Canada employees

Figure B4 Full-time equivalents – 10-year trend
Figure B4
Image description

Line graph showing the number of full-time employees used by the Parole Board of Canada from 2011 and 2021. The trend line rises from its lowest point in 2011 to 2012, then spikes and reaches its peak in 2013, before gradually decreasing until 2015. Trends show a small increase from 2016 to 2017, then drop again in 2018, prior to a gradual increase until 2019 which remains relatively stable until 2021. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure B4 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

A full-time equivalent is a measure of the extent to which an employee represents a full person-year charge against a departmental budget. Section 103 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act limits the Parole Board of Canada to 60 full-time members.

Table B4 Full time equivalents
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Program Activity
Conditional Release Decisions
321 317 317 320 323
Conditional Release Openness and Accountability
44 42 43 45 45
Record Suspension and Clemency Recommendations
59 48 58 72 62
Internal Services
56 64 63 62 68
Total
480 471 481 499 498
Types of Employees
Full-time Board Members
39 38 41 40 36
Part-time Board Members
17 20 19 20 20
Staff
424 413 421 439 442
Total
480 471 481 499 498

Table B4 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

A full-time equivalent is a measure of the extent to which an employee represents a full person-year charge against a departmental budget. Section 103 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act limits the Parole Board of Canada to 60 full-time members.

The number of employees in the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Figure B5 Full-time equivalents
Figure B5
Image description

Line graph showing the number of full-time employees at the Office of the Correctional Investigator from 2011 to 2021. From its lowest point in 2011, the trend line rises slightly in 2012, then remains relatively stable until 2017 where it rises and reaches its pinnacle in 2019, before dropping slightly in 2021. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure B5 Notes

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

Table B5 Full time equivalents
Types of Employees 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Correctional Investigator 1 1 1 1 1
Senior Management and Investigative Services 26 26 27 28 26
Internal Services 4 4 6 5 5
Legal Counsel, Policy and Research 5 5 5 6 6
Total 36 36 39 40 38

Table B5 Notes

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

Most common offender complaints to the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Figure B6 Ten most common offender complaints in 2020-21
Figure B6
Image description

Bar graph showing the 10 most common offender complaints in 2020 and 2021. In descending order of frequency, conditions of confinement are the most prevalent with 863 complaints; followed by health care with 516 complaints; staff with 515 complaints; cell effects with 244 complaints; request for information with 204 complaints; transfer with 201 complaints; safety/security of offender(s) with 183 complaints; case preparation with 149 complaints; telephone with 133 complaints; and finally, visits with 123 complaints. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure B6 Notes

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

Table B6 Top 20 offender complaint categories for the last 5 fiscal years
Category of ComplaintFootnote * 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Conditions of Confinement 783 783 608 502 863
Health Care 913 858 693 688 516
Staff 408 530 501 560 515
Cell Effects 497 412 407 388 244
Request for Information 213 126 159 245 204
Transfer 439 353 334 368 201
Safety/Security of Offender(s) 208 127 177 230 183
Case Preparation 115 55 73 96 149
Telephone 187 169 183 185 133
Visits 285 214 192 209 123
Financial Matters 170 107 111 119 112
Grievance 173 177 127 129 106
Correspondence 167 149 84 130 103
Programs 202 138 112 112 71
Outside OCI Jurisdiction 259 193 128 133 65
Security Classification 135 129 102 136 61
Release Procedures 104 83 55 83 59
Mental Health 122 76 59 100 49
Employment 112 100 54 65 43
Administrative Segregation 269 223 187 89 4
Total of All CategoriesFootnote ** 6,844 5,865 5,113 5,566 4,507

Table B6 Notes

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

Due to ongoing efforts at the OCI (Office of the Correctional Investigator) to streamline our administrative database and ensure accuracy in reporting, the numbers in this table will not always match those of past Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overviews, or OCI Annual Reports. Statistics in public reporting will also differ depending on when the data was extracted, as cases can be later categorized or re-categorized.

Section C: Federal Offender and Registered Victims Populations

Offenders under the responsibility of CSC

Figure C1 Total offender population (2020-21)Footnote *
Figure C1
Image description

Bar illustration of the total offender population in the 2020 to 21 fiscal year that is separated into two categories. First, the in-custody population held at Correctional Service of Canada facilities accounts for 57.6 percent of the total offender population and includes those who are incarcerated or temporarily detained. Second, the in-community under supervision population of offenders which accounts for 42.4 percent of the total offender population and includes those who are temporarily detained in a non-Correctional Service of Canada facilities or are being actively supervised on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or long-term supervision order. Full data are available below.

Figure C1 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Definitions C1:

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

CSC Facilities include all federal institutions and federally funded Healing Lodges.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, in the community supervised on a long-term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Actively Supervised includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole or statutory release, as well as those who are in the community on long-term supervision orders.

Temporarily Detained includes offenders who are physically held in a CSC facility or a non-CSC facility after being suspended for a breach of a parole condition or to prevent a breach of parole conditions.

In addition to the total offender population, there are excluded groups such as:

Federal jurisdiction offenders incarcerated in a Community Correctional Centre or in a non-CSC facility.

Federal jurisdiction offenders deported /extradited including offenders for whom a deportation order has been enforced by Canada Border Services Agency.

Federal offenders on bail which includes offenders on a judicial interim release; they have appealed their conviction or sentence and have been released to await the results of a new trial.

Escaped includes offenders who have absconded from either a correctional facility or while on a temporary absence and whose whereabouts are unknown.

Unlawfully at Large for 90 days or more. This includes offenders who have been released to the community on day parole, full parole, statutory release or a long term supervision order for whom a warrant for suspension has been issued at least 90 days ago, but has not yet been executed.

The definition of Offender Population changed from previous editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO). As such, comparisons to editions of the CCRSO prior to 2016 should be done with caution.

Table C1 Total offender population (2020-21)Footnote *
Status Offenders under the responsibility of CSC
# %

In-Custody Population (CSC Facility)

12,399 57.6
Incarcerated in CSC Facility
11,777 54.7
Temporarily Detained in CSC Facility
622 2.9

In Community under Supervision

9,113 42.4
Temporarily Detained in Non-CSC Facility
278 1.3
Actively Supervised
8,835 41.1
Day Parole
1,354 6.3
Full Parole
4,470 20.8
Statutory Release
2,536 11.8
Long-Term Supervision Order
475 2.2

Total

21,512 100.0

Table C1 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

The definition of Offender Population changed from previous editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO). As such, comparisons to editions of the CCRSO prior to 2016 should be done with caution.

Number of registered victims and offenders with a registered victim: 4-year trend

Figure C2 Number of registered victims and offenders with a registered victim
Figure C2
Image description

Line graph showing the number of registered victims and the number of offenders with a registered victim from fiscal year 2017 to 18 to fiscal year 2020 to 21. There were 4,570 offenders with a registered victim in fiscal year 2017 to 18, rising until its peak of 5,045 in fiscal year 2019 to 20, before decreasing again in fiscal year 2020 to 21 at 4,888 offenders. The number of registered victims rose from 8,041 in fiscal year 2017 to 18 until a peak in fiscal year 2019 to 20 with 8,857 victims, prior to dropping in fiscal year 2020 to 21 to 8,705 victims. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure C2 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

Victim Contact records are from the new Victims Application Module (VAM). This data cannot be compared to victim data prior to 2017 due to a change in how victims are counted. This was done because CSC changed from management of victim files within OMS, offender file based, to the newly built Victims Application Module (VAM), victim file based and no data was available until year end due to data migration. When Victim Services used OMS as its database, the prior indicator could not account for victims who were registered for more than one offender. Since the move to VAM, CSC can accurately capture the number of registered victims. For example, in the old system (OMS), one victim who was registered for six offenders would have counted as six registered victims; whereas in the new system (VAM), one registered victim who is registered for six offenders is accurately counted as one registered victim.

Figure C2 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F7 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C2 Number of registered victims and offenders with a registered victim
Year Number of Registered Victims Number of Offenders with a Registered Victim
2017-18 8,041 4,570
2018-19 8,477 4,847
2019-20 8,857 5,045
2020-21 8,705 4,888

Table C2 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

In order to register to receive information, a victim must meet the definition of a victim under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA). Victims of federal offenders must be at least 18 years-old or legally emancipated or demonstrate they can act for themselves. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

Victim Contact records are from the new Victims Application Module (VAM). This data cannot be compared to victim data prior to 2017 due to a change in how victims are counted. This was done because CSC changed from management of victim files within OMS, offender file based, to the newly built Victims Application Module (VAM), victim file based and no data was available until year end due to data migration. When Victim Services used OMS as its database, the prior indicator could not account for victims who were registered for more than one offender. Since the move to VAM, CSC can accurately capture the number of registered victims. For example, in the old system (OMS), one victim who was registered for six offenders would have counted as six registered victims; whereas in the new system (VAM), one registered victim who is registered for six offenders is accurately counted as one registered victim.

Table C2 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F7 in the 2020 CCRSO.

The number of in-custody offenders: 10-year trend

Figure C3 (A) Number of in-custody offenders in a CSC facility at fiscal yearFootnote * end
Figure C3A
Image description

Line graph showing the number of in-custody offenders in a Correctional Service Canada facility at fiscal year end from fiscal year 2011 to 12 to fiscal year 2020 to 21. The number rises from 15,131 for fiscal year 2011 to 12, until its peak in fiscal year 2013 to 14 at 15,342 offenders, prior to dropping until 14,092 for fiscal 2017 to 18, rising briefly for fiscal year 2018 to 19 at 14,149, until dropping to its lowest point during fiscal 2020 to 21 at 12,399 in-custody offenders. Full data are available below.

Figure C3 (B) Number of in-custody offenders in a provincial/territorial facilityFootnote *
Figure C3B
Image description

Line graph showing the number of in-custody offenders in a provincial or territorial facility from fiscal year 2011 to 12 to fiscal year 2020 to 21. The number rises from 24,814 in fiscal year 2011 to 12 to 25,185 in-custody offenders in fiscal year 2012 to 13. It then drops to its lowest point of 21,704 the following year, prior to rising until its peak in fiscal year 2016 to 17 at 25,448, before dropping to 23,894 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure C3 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada

Source: Table: 35-10-0154-01, Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

The term in custody in a CSC Facility includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure C3 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C2 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C3 In-custody offenders
Year In Custody in a CSCFootnote 1 FacilityFootnote * Provincial/TerritorialFootnote 2 Total
Sentenced Remand Other/ Temporary Detention Total
2011-12 15,131 11,138 13,369 308 24,814 39,945
2012-13 15,318 11,138 13,739 308 25,185 40,503
2013-14 15,342 9,888 11,494 322 21,704 37,046
2014-15 14,886 10,364 13,650 441 24,455 39,341
2015-16 14,712 10,091 14,899 415 25,405 40,117
2016-17 14,159 9,710 15,417 321 25,448 39,607
2017-18 14,092 9,545 14,833 303 24,681 38,773
2018-19 14,149 8,708 14,778 297 23,783 37,932
2019-20 13,720 7,947 15,505 442 23,894 37,614
2020-21 12,399 Not availableFootnote ** Not availableFootnote ** Not availableFootnote ** Not availableFootnote ** Not availableFootnote **

Table C3 Notes

Data from 2020-21 were not yet released during the preparation of this report.

The figures for provincial and territorial offenders reflect annual average counts.

The table includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table C3 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C2 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Number of admissions to CSC facilities

Figure C4 Number of admissions to CSC facilities
Figure C4
Image description

Line graph showing the number of admissions to Correctional Service Canada facilities from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2020 to 21. The trend for the category of “other” admissions was the lowest, with 100 in fiscal year 2016 to 17, varying slightly over time until reaching its lowest point in fiscal year 2020 to 21 at 51 admissions. Revocations began at 2,146 in fiscal year 2016 to 17, dropping to 2,131 in fiscal year 2017 to 18, before rising to 2,298 in fiscal year 2019 to 20, before dropping to its lowest point in fiscal year 2020 to 21 at 2,021. The trend for admissions due to a warrant of committal also dropped over time, with numbers starting at 4,907 in fiscal year 2016 to 17, which then rose slightly until a peak in fiscal year 2018 to 19 at 5,014 admissions, prior to dropping to its lowest point in fiscal year 2020 to 21 at 3,133 admissions. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure C4 Notes

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Other includes transfers from other jurisdictions (exchange of services), terminations, transfers from foreign countries, and admissions where a release is interrupted as a consequence of a new conviction.

Warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Revocation is when an offender is admitted to federal custody after conditional release and before reaching warrant expiry.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC's Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year's publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Figure C4 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C3 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C4 Number of admissions to CSC facilities
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males Females Males
Warrant of Committal
1st Federal Sentence
375 3,354 336 3,365 348 3,455 325 3,175 236 2,104
Subsequent Federal Sentence
37 1,131 45 1,241 36 1,165 30 1,105 22 758
Provincial Sentence
1 9 2 12 0 10 1 9 0 13
Subtotal
413 4,494 383 4,618 384 4,630 356 4,289 258 2,875
Total
4,907 5,001 5,014 4,645 3,133

Revocations

132 2,014 149 1,982 145 2,110 177 2,121 145 1,876
Total
2,146 2,131 2,255 2,298 2,021

Other

5 95 9 55 5 67 4 61 7 44
Total
100 64 72 65 51

Total Admissions

550 6,603 541 6,655 534 6,807 537 6,471 410 4,795
Total Admissions 7,153 7,196 7,341 7,008 5,205

Table C4 Notes

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Other includes transfers from other jurisdictions (exchange of services), terminations, transfers from foreign countries, and admissions where a release is interrupted as a consequence of a new conviction.

Warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Revocation is when an offender is admitted to federal custody after conditional release and before reaching warrant expiry.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC's Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year's publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Table C4 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C3 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Warrant of committal admissions to CSC facilities by sex: 10-year trend

Figure C5 Warrant of committal admissions by sex
Figure C5
Image description

Line graph showing the admissions for the category of “warrant of committal” admissions to Correctional Service Canada facilities by sex from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2020 to 21. The female trend began in 2011 to 12 with 337 admissions, dropping to 265 in fiscal year 2012 to 13, before rising until its peak in fiscal year 2016 to 17 at 413, then dropping to 258 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. The male trend is much higher starting at 4,695 in fiscal year 2011 to 12, rising briefly for fiscals years 2012 to 13 and 2013 to 14, at 4,780 and 4,759 admissions respectively. The trend then drops briefly through fiscal years 2014 to 15 through until fiscal year 2016 to 17, before another slight rise in fiscal year 2018 to 19 at 4,630. The trend then drops drastically to 2,875 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure C5 Notes

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC's Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year's publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C5 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C4 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C5 Warrant of committal admissions for females and males
Year Females Males Total
# % # % #
2011-12 337 6.7% 4,695 93.3% 5,032
2012-13 265 5.3% 4,780 94.7% 5,045
2013-14 312 6.2% 4,759 93.8% 5,071
2014-15 343 7.1% 4,474 92.9% 4,817
2015-16 388 7.9% 4,503 92.1% 4,891
2016-17 413 8.4% 4,494 91.6% 4,907
2017-18 383 7.7% 4,618 92.3% 5,001
2018-19 384 7.7% 4,630 92.3% 5,014
2019-20 356 7.7% 4,289 92.3% 4,645
2020-21 258 8.2% 2,875 91.8% 3,133

Table C5 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC's Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year's publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C5 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C4 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Number of registered victims by sex: 4-year trend

Figure C6 Number of registered victims* by sex
Figure C6
Image description

Line graph of the number of registered victims by sex from fiscal year 2017 to 18 until fiscal year 2020 to 21. The number of male registered victims was lowest, starting at 1,764 in fiscal year 2017 to 18, then decreased steadily until reaching 1,417 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. The female trend was higher, starting at 4,317 in fiscal year 2017 to 2018, also decreasing steadily until reaching 3,565 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure C6 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

In order to register to receive information, a victim must meet the definition of a victim under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA). Victims of federal offenders must be at least 18 years-old or legally emancipated or demonstrate they can act for themselves. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

Demographic information was voluntarily self-reported, by victims who have registered to receive information about the offender that harmed them. The information does not represent victims that have not been in contact with CSC or those who choose not to register.

Response rates for victim sex fell from 75.6% in 2017-18 to 57.2% in 2020-21. Response rates were calculated as the number who provided a valid response to the question (the total number across the categories reported above) divided by the total number of responses that included the following additional categories: 1) Does Not Want to Provide this information and 2) Not Entered.

Figure C6 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F10 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C6 Number of registered victims by sex
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

Male

1,764 1,606 1,517 1,417

Female

4,317 3,947 3,750 3,565

Table C6 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

In order to register to receive information, a victim must meet the definition of a victim under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA). Victims of federal offenders must be at least 18 years-old or legally emancipated or demonstrate they can act for themselves. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

Demographic information was voluntarily self-reported, by victims who have registered to receive information about the offender that harmed them. The information does not represent victims that have not been in contact with CSC or those who choose not to register.

Response rates for victim sex fell from 75.6% in 2017-18 to 57.2% in 2020-21. Response rates were calculated as the number who provided a valid response to the question (the total number across the categories reported above) divided by the total number of responses that included the following additional categories: 1) Does Not Want to Provide this information and 2) Not Entered.

Table C6 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F10 in the 2020 CCRSO.

CSC total offender population by sentence length

Figure C7 Sentence length of total offender population (2020-21)
Figure C7
Image description

Bar graph showing the sentence length of the Correctional Services of Canada total offender population in fiscal year 2020 to 21. There were 293 sentences of less than 2 years; 4,321 sentences of 2 to less than 3 years; 3,060 sentences of 3 to less than 4 years; 2,157 sentences of 4 to less than 5 years; 1,598 sentences of 5 to less than 6 years; 1,130 sentences of 6 to less than 7 years; 1,795 sentences of 7 to less than 10 years; 999 sentences of 10 to less than 15 years; 404 sentences of 15 years or more; and 5,755 sentences of a life sentence or an indeterminate sentence. Full data are available below.

Figure C7 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The group of offenders serving a sentence less than 2 years includes offenders transferred from foreign countries or offenders under a long-term supervision order who received a new sentence of less than 2 years.

Figure C7 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C5 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C7 Sentence length of total offender population
Sentence Length 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
# % # % # % # % # %
< than 2 years 307 1.3 348 1.5 307 1.3 307 1.3 293 1.4
2 years to < 3 years 5,391 23.4 5,412 23.3 5,457 23.3 5,149 22.3 4,321 20.1
3 years to < 4 years 3,377 14.7 3,378 14.5 3,436 14.6 3,389 14.7 3,060 14.2
4 years to < 5 years 2,382 10.3 2,342 10.1 2,368 10.1 2,371 10.3 2,157 10.0
5 years to < 6 years 1,691 7.3 1,674 7.2 1,711 7.3 1,692 7.3 1,598 7.4
6 years to < 7 years 1,143 5.0 1,186 5.1 1,172 5.0 1,153 5.0 1,130 5.3
7 years to < 10 years 1,810 7.9 1,811 7.8 1,857 7.9 1,841 8.0 1,795 8.3
10 years to < 15 years 951 4.1 979 4.2 998 4.3 1,010 4.4 999 4.6
15 years or more 501 2.2 474 2.0 445 1.9 426 1.8 404 1.9
Life and/or Indeterminate Sentence 5,492 23.8 5,619 24.2 5,713 24.3 5,764 25.0 5,755 26.8
Total 23,045 100.0 23,223 100.0 23,464 100.0 23,102 100.0 21,512 100.0

Table C7 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The group of offenders serving a sentence less than 2 years includes offenders transferred from foreign countries or offenders under a long term supervision order who received a new sentence of less than 2 years.

Indeterminate means that the offender’s term of imprisonment does not have an end date. The parole Board of Canada reviews the case after seven years and every two years after that.

Table C7 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C5 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Offences of victimization among registered victims

Figure C8 Offences of victimization (2020-21)
Figure C8
Image description

Bar graph showing the offence types that were the crimes experienced by registered victims in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Offences causing death account for 49.8 percent of the criminal offences for which victims were registered; followed by sexual offences which account for 20.8 percent of offences associated with the registration of victims; assaults which account for 7.7 percent; other offences which account for 5.7 percent; involving violence of threats which account for 4.7 percent; property crimes which account for 4.4 percent; attempts to cause death which account for 3.0 percent; deprivation of freedom which account for 2.3 percent; and finally, driving offences which account for 1.7 percent. Full data are available below.

Figure C8 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

In order to register to receive information, a victim must meet the definition of a victim under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA). Victims of federal offenders must be at least 18 years-old or legally emancipated or demonstrate they can act for themselves. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

Offences of victimization are acts the offender committed that harmed the victim, and have been confirmed using police reports or judge's comments. The offender may not have been convicted of each act or may be serving a federal sentence for different offences. This could be a result of plea deals, because charges were not pursued by the Crown, or the offence may be from a previous sentence or a provincial sentence. Offences of victimization are among victims registered with the federal correctional system.

More than one offence of victimization may be recorded for each victim of crime.

Figure C8 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F8 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C8 Offences of victimization
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
# % # % # % # %
Offence Causing Death 5,153 49.8 5,413 48.5 5,643 47.8 5,656 49.8
Sexual Offences 2,141 20.7 2,381 21.3 2,528 21.4 2,361 20.8
Assaults 788 7.6 883 7.9 938 7.9 874 7.7
Other Offences 606 5.9 688 6.2 767 6.5 644 5.7
Violence/Threat of Violence 485 4.7 504 4.5 541 4.6 537 4.7
Property Crimes 464 4.5 509 4.6 540 4.6 499 4.4
Attempt to Cause Death 296 2.9 317 2.8 338 2.9 339 3.0
Deprivation of Freedom 250 2.4 263 2.4 281 2.4 261 2.3
Driving Offences 160 1.5 214 1.9 233 2.0 190 1.7
Total Number of Offences 10,343 100.0 11,172 100.0 11,809 100.0 11,361 100.0

Table C8 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

In order to register to receive information, a victim must meet the definition of a victim under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA). Victims of federal offenders must be at least 18 years-old or legally emancipated or demonstrate they can act for themselves. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

Offences of victimization are acts the offender committed that harmed the victim, and have been confirmed using police reports or judge's comments. The offender may not have been convicted of each act or may be serving a federal sentence for different offences. This could be a result of plea deals, because charges were not pursued by the Crown, or the offence may be from a previous sentence or a provincial sentence. Offences of victimization are among victims registered with the federal correctional system.

More than one offence of victimization may be recorded for each victim of crime.

Table C8 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F8 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Warrant of committal admissions to a CSC facility by age

Figure C9 Percentage of warrant of committal admissions by age: 10-year trend
Figure C9
Image description

Bar graph showing the percentage of warrant committal admissions to a Correctional Services of Canada facility by age for fiscal year 2011 to 12 and for fiscal year 2020 to 21. Over time, the percentage of admissions decreased in the 18 and 19 age group; the 20 to 24 age group; and, the 45 to 49 age group. The percentage of admissions increased over time for all other age groups, including the 25 to 29 age group; the 30 to 34 age group; the 35 to 39 age group; the 40 to 44 age group; the 50 to 59 age group; the 60 to 69 age group; and the 70 plus age group. Full data are available below.

Figure C9 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Figure C9 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C6 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C9 Warrant of committal admissions by age and sex: 10-year trend
Age at Admission 2011-12 2020-21
Females Males Total Females Males Total
# % # % # % # % # % # %
18 and 19 11 3.3 140 3.0 151 3.0 3 1.2 43 1.5 46 1.5
20 to 24 56 16.6 874 18.6 930 18.5 38 14.7 371 12.9 409 13.1
25 to 29 73 21.7 867 18.5 940 18.7 55 21.3 561 19.5 616 19.7
30 to 34 47 13.9 718 15.3 765 15.2 49 19.0 514 17.9 563 18.0
35 to 39 47 13.9 570 12.1 617 12.3 33 12.8 442 15.4 475 15.2
40 to 44 34 10.1 515 11.0 549 10.9 38 14.7 307 10.7 345 11.0
45 to 49 29 8.6 412 8.8 441 8.8 14 5.4 197 6.9 211 6.7
50 to 59 32 9.5 416 8.9 448 8.9 21 8.1 284 9.9 305 9.7
60 to 69 7 2.1 140 3.0 147 2.9 7 2.7 112 3.9 119 3.8
70 and over 1 0.3 43 0.9 44 0.9 0 0.0 44 1.5 44 1.4
Total 337 4,695 5,032 258 2,875 3,133

Table C9 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis. Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C9 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C6 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Number of registered victims by age

Figure C10 Number of registered victims by age (2020-21)
Figure C10
Image description

Bar graph showing the number of registered victims by age in fiscal year 2020 to 21. There were 878 registered victims aged 30 and under, with the numbers rising by ascending decennial age grouping until reaching the highest number of registered victims in the 51 to 60 age group. The number of registered victims then decreased by ascending decade age group until reaching the age group with the fewest registered victims of 253 for those 81 years of age and older. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure C10 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

In order to register to receive information, a victim must meet the definition of a victim under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA). Victims of federal offenders must be at least 18 years-old or legally emancipated or demonstrate they can act for themselves. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

Demographic information was voluntarily self-reported, by victims who have registered to receive information about the offender that harmed them. The information does not represent victims that have not been in contact with Correctional Service of Canada or those who choose not to register.

Response rates ranged from 90.1% in 2017-18 to 93.2% in 2020-21. Response rates were calculated as the number who provided a valid response to the question (the total number across the categories reported above) divided by the total number of responses that included the following additional categories: 1) Does Not Want to Provide this information and 2) Not Entered.

Figure C10 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F9 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C10 Number of registered victims by age
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
# % # % # % # %
30 and under 812 11.2 883 11.4 948 11.6 878 10.8
31 to 40 1,158 16.0 1,225 15.8 1,274 15.6 1,315 16.2
41 to 50 1,430 19.7 1,521 19.6 1,599 19.6 1,575 19.4
51 to 60 1,846 25.5 1,885 24.3 1,931 23.6 1,844 22.7
61 to 70 1,216 16.8 1,375 17.7 1,457 17.8 1,504 18.5
71 to 80 595 8.2 651 8.4 715 8.8 745 9.2
81 and older 188 2.6 214 2.8 246 3.0 253 3.1

Table C10 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

In order to register to receive information, a victim must meet the definition of a victim under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA). Victims of federal offenders must be at least 18 years-old or legally emancipated or demonstrate they can act for themselves. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

Demographic information was voluntarily self-reported, by victims who have registered to receive information about the offender that harmed them. The information does not represent victims that have not been in contact with Correctional Service of Canada or those who choose not to register.

Response rates ranged from 90.1% in 2017-18 to 93.2% in 2020-21. Response rates were calculated as the number who provided a valid response to the question (the total number across the categories reported above) divided by the total number of responses that included the following additional categories: 1) Does Not Want to Provide this information and 2) Not Entered.

Table C10 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F9 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Warrant of committal admissions to a CSC facility for Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders

Figure C11 Percentage of warrant of committal admissions for Indigenous and Non-Indigenous offenders (2020-21)
Figure C11
Image description

Bar graph showing the percentage of warrant committal admissions to a Correctional Services of Canada facility by age for Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders in the 2020 to 21 fiscal year. There was a higher percentage of Indigenous offenders in the 18 and 19 age group; the 20 to 24 age group; the 25 to 29 age group; and the 30 to 34 age group. There was a higher percentage of non-Indigenous offenders for the 35 to 39 age group; the 40 to 44 age group; the 45 to 49 age group; the 50 to 59 age group; the 60 to 69 age group; and the 70 plus age group. Full data are available below.

Figure C11 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Figure C11 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C7 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C11 Warrant of committal admissions for Indigenous and Non-Indigenous offenders
Age at Admission 2011-12 2020-21
Indigenous Non- Indigenous Total Indigenous Non- Indigenous Total
# % # % # % # % # % # %
18 and 19 62 5.0 89 2.3 151 3.0 21 2.2 25 1.1 46 1.5
20 to 24 284 22.9 646 17.0 930 18.5 151 16.0 258 11.8 409 13.1
25 to 29 258 20.8 682 18.0 940 18.7 229 24.3 387 17.7 616 19.7
30 to 34 194 15.7 571 15.1 765 15.2 195 20.7 368 16.8 563 18.0
35 to 39 126 10.2 491 12.9 617 12.3 124 13.1 351 16.0 475 15.2
40 to 44 135 10.9 414 10.9 549 10.9 97 10.3 248 11.3 345 11.0
45 to 49 96 7.8 345 9.1 441 8.8 44 4.7 167 7.6 211 6.7
50 to 59 62 5.0 386 10.2 448 8.9 68 7.2 237 10.8 305 9.7
60 to 69 15 1.2 132 3.5 147 2.9 11 1.2 108 4.9 119 3.8
70 and over 6 0.5 38 1.0 44 0.9 4 0.4 40 1.8 44 1.4
Total 1,238 3,794 5,032 944 2,189 3,133

Table C11 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C11 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C7 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Age of the CSC in-custody offender population compared to the Canadian adult population

Figure C12 Percentage of in-custody offender population (2020-21) vs. Canadian adult population (2020)
Figure C12
Image description

Bar graph comparing the percentage of the in-custody offender population of fiscal year 2020 to 21 with the Canadian adult population of the year 2020 by age group. The age group representing the most likely people to be in-custody during the 2020 to 21 fiscal year are thirty to 34 year olds, an age group that represents about 8 percent of the Canadian population. This is the age grouping that is most over-represented in the in-custody population. The proportion of the in-custody population falls for each age group until reaching a low of about three percent of in-custody population being 70 years old or older. Because there are more Canadians who are 55 to 64 years of age than between ages 40 to 54, overrepresentation by age declines even more rapidly than the proportion in-custody. The proportion of people under community supervision rises quickly from under 5 percent for 20 to 24 year olds to a high of about 13 percent amongst 35 to 39 year olds, declining unevenly until a plateau of just under 10 percent of those aged 45 to 59 being under supervision orders in the community. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure C12 Notes

Sources: Correctional Service of Canada; Table 17-10-0005-01, Annual Demographic Estimates: Canada, Provinces, and Territories, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

In-custody population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Due to rounding, percentage may not add to 100 percent.

Figure C12 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C8 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C12 In-custody and in community under supervision offender populations (2020-21)
Age In Custody In Community Under Supervision Total % of Canadian Adult Population
# % # % # % %

18 and 19

26 0.2 0 0.0 26 0.1 2.7

20 to 24

896 7.2 341 3.7 1,237 5.8 7.9

25 to 29

1,909 15.4 982 10.8 2,891 13.4 8.5

30 to 34

2,031 16.4 1,103 12.1 3,134 14.6 8.7

35 to 39

1,848 14.9 1,157 12.7 3,005 14.0 8.6

40 to 44

1,449 11.7 1,003 11.0 2,452 11.4 8.1

45 to 49

1,064 8.6 856 9.4 1,920 8.9 7.7

50 to 54

1,015 8.2 860 9.4 1,875 8.7 7.8

55 to 59

896 7.2 840 9.2 1,736 8.1 8.7

60 to 64

593 4.8 664 7.3 1,257 5.8 8.4

65 to 69

356 2.9 566 6.2 922 4.3 7.2

70 and over

316 2.5 741 8.1 1,057 4.9 15.6

Total

12,399 100.0 9,113 100.0 21,512 100.0 100.0

Table C12 Notes

Sources: Correctional Service of Canada; Table 17-10-0005-01, Annual Demographic Estimates: Canada, Provinces, and Territories, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

In-custody population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Due to rounding, percentage may not add to 100 percent.

Table C12 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C8 in the 2020 CCRSO.

CSC offender population by self-reported race

Figure C13 Percentage of total offender population by self-reported raceFootnote * (2020-21)
Figure C13
Image description

Bar graph showing the percentage of total Correctional Service of Canada offender population by self-reported race for the fiscal year 2020 to 21. White-identifying offenders accounted for 52.4 percent of the offender population; followed by Indigenous-identifying offenders which accounted for 27.0 percent; Black offenders which account for 8.0 percent; Asian offenders which account for 5.8 percent; other/unknown offenders which account for 5.8 percent; and Hispanic offenders which account for 1.0 percent. Full data are available below.

Figure C13 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

White includes offenders who identify as white.

Indigenous includes offenders who identify as Inuit, Innu, Métis and First Nations.

Black includes offenders who identify as black.

Asian includes offenders who identify as Arab, Arab/West Asian, Asian-East and Southeast, Asian-South, Asian West, Asiatic (includes Asian-East and Southeast, Asian South, Asian West, and Asiatic.), Chinese, East Indian, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South Asian, South East Asian.

Other/Unknown includes offenders who identify as European French, European-Eastern, European-Northern, European-Southern, European-Western, Multiracial/Ethnic, Oceania, British Isles, Caribbean, Sub-Sahara African, offenders unable to identify to one race, other and unknown.

Hispanic includes offenders who identify as Hispanic and Latin American.

The data reflect all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Figure C13 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C9 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C13 Total offender population by self-reported raceFootnote *
2016-17 2020-21
# % # %
White 13,345 57.9 11,280 52.4
Indigenous 5,322 23.1 5,809 27.0
First Nations
3,577 15.5 4,000 18.6
Métis
1,533 6.7 1,628 7.6
Inuit
212 0.9 181 0.8
Black 1,729 7.5 1,717 8.0
Asian 1,257 5.5 1,243 5.8
Asiatic
349 1.5 391 1.8
Arab
183 0.8 185 0.9
Arab /West Asian
174 0.8 172 0.8
South East Asian
214 0.9 164 0.8
South Asian
123 0.5 134 0.6
Chinese
105 0.5 93 0.4
Filipino
75 0.3 77 0.4
East Indian
13 0.1 13 0.1
Korean
14 0.1 6 0.0
Japanese
7 0.0 8 0.0
Hispanic 246 1.1 222 1.0
Latin American
240 1.0 217 1.0
Hispanic
6 0.0 5 0.0
Other/Unknown 1,146 5.0 1,241 5.8
Total 23,045 100.0 21,512 100.0

Table C13 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

White includes offenders who identify as white.

Indigenous includes offenders who identify as Inuit, Innu, Métis and First Nations.

Black includes offenders who identify as black.

Asian includes offenders who identify as Arab, Arab/West Asian, Asian-East and Southeast, Asian-South, Asian West, Asiatic, Chinese, East Indian, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South Asian, South East Asian.

Other/Unknown includes offenders who identify as European French, European-Eastern, European-Northern, European-Southern, European-Western, Multiracial/Ethnic, Oceania, British Isles, Caribbean, Sub-Sahara African, offenders unable to identify to one race, other and unknown.

Hispanic includes offenders who identify as are Hispanic and Latin American.

Asiatic includes Asian-East and Southeast, Asian South, Asian West, and Asiatic.

The data reflect all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C13 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C9 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Number of registered victims by race

Figure C14 Number of registered victims by race (2020-21)
Figure C14
Image description

Bar graph showing the number of registered victims by race in fiscal year 2020 to 21. There were 2,230 White offenders; 172 Indigenous offenders; 71 Black offenders; 71 other offenders; 109 Asian offenders; and 15 Hispanic offenders. Full data are available below.

Figure C14 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

In order to register to receive information, a victim must meet the definition of a victim under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA). Victims of federal offenders must be at least 18 years-old or legally emancipated or demonstrate they can act for themselves. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

Demographic information was voluntarily self-reported, by victims who have registered to receive information about the offender that harmed them. The information does not represent victims that have not been in contact with CSC or those who choose not to register.

Response rates for victim ethnicity ranged from 39.8% in 2017-18 to 30.9% in 2020-21.

Figure C14 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F11 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C14 Number of registered victims by race
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
# % # % # % # %
White 2,721 85.1 2,487 84.8 2,382 84.2 2,230 83.6
Indigenous 191 6.0 182 6.2 181 6.4 172 6.4
First Nations
134 4.2 128 4.4 122 4.3 108 4.0
Métis
31 1.0 30 1.0 34 1.2 38 1.4
Inuit
26 0.8 24 0.8 25 0.9 26 1.0
Black 77 2.4 75 2.6 77 2.7 71 2.7
Asian 129 4.0 109 3.6 107 3.8 109 4.0
Arab/West Asian
16 0.5 16 0.5 14 0.5 13 0.5
South East Asian
30 0.9 26 0.9 30 1.1 32 1.2
South Asian
39 1.2 24 0.8 22 0.8 22 0.8
Chinese
33 1.0 34 1.2 34 1.2 34 1.3
Filipino
8 0.3 7 0.2 5 0.2 4 0.1
Korean
1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0
Japanese
2 0.1 1 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.1
Hispanic 15 0.5 16 0.5 14 0.5 15 0.6
Latin American
15 0.5 16 0.5 14 0.5 15 0.6
Other 66 2.1 65 2.2 68 2.4 71 2.7
Total 3,259 100.0 2,986 100.0 2,889 100.0 2,732 100.0

Table C14 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

In order to register to receive information, a victim must meet the definition of a victim under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA). Victims of federal offenders must be at least 18 years-old or legally emancipated or demonstrate they can act for themselves. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

Demographic information was voluntarily self-reported, by victims who have registered to receive information about the offender that harmed them. The information does not represent victims that have not been in contact with CSC or those who choose not to register.

Response rates for victim ethnicity ranged from 39.8% in 2017-18 to 30.9% in 2020-21.

Table C14 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F11 in the 2020 CCRSO.

CSC offender population by religion

Figure C15 Percentage of total offender population by religious identification (2020-21)
Figure C15
Image description

Bar graph showing the percentage of total Correctional Service of Canada offender population by religious identification in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Christian offenders accounted for 43.1 percent of the offender population; the religious affiliation for 17.7 percent of offenders was not known; offenders with no religious affiliation accounted for 15.5 percent of offenders; Muslim offenders account for 7.6 percent; offenders reporting following the teachings of Traditional Aboriginal Spirituality accounted for 7.1 percent; offenders of the category of “other religions” accounted for 2.4 percent; Buddhist offenders accounted for 2.1 percent; Wiccan and Pagan offenders accounted for 1.5 percent; Jewish offenders accounted for 1.2 percent; Sikh offenders accounted for 0.8 percent; Rastafarian offenders accounted for 0.7 percent; and, Hindu offenders accounted for 0.3 percent. Full data are available below.

Figure C15 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Religious identification is self-reported by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

Buddhist includes offenders who belong to the following group: Buddhist, Mahayana Buddhist, Theravadan Buddhist and Vajrayana Buddhist.

Christian includes offenders who belong to the following group: Amish, Anglican (Episcopal Church of England), Antiochian Orthodox, Apostolic Christian Church, Armenian Orthodox/Apostolic, Associated Gospel, Assyrian Chaldean Catholic, Baptist, Brethren In Christ, Bulgarian Orthodox, Canadian Reformed Church, Catholic- Greek, Catholic-Roman, Catholic-Ukranian, Catholic Non-Specific, Churches of Christ/Christian Churches, Charismatic, Christadelphian, Christian & Missionary Alliance, Christian Congregational, Christian Non Specific, Christian Or Plymouth Brethren, Christian Orthodox, Christian Reformed, Christian Reformed Church, Christian Science, Church of Christ Scientist, Church of God, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saint, Community of Christ, Coptic Orthodox, Doukhobor, Dutch Reformed Church, Ethiopian Orthodox, Evangelical, Evangelical Free Church , Evangelical Missionary Church, Free Methodist, Free Reformed Church, Grace Communion International, Greek Orthodox, Hutterite, Iglesia Ni Cristo, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Macedonian Orthodox, Maronite, Melkite, Mennonite, Messianic Jew, Methodist Christian, Metropolitan Community Church, Mission de l'Esprit Saint, Moravian, Mormon (Latter Day Saints), Nazarene Christian, Netherlands Reformed, New Apostolic, Pentecostal (4-Square), Pentecostal Assembly of God, Pentecôtiste, Philadelphia Church of God, Presbyterian, Protestant Non-Specific, Quaker (Society of Friends), Reformed Christian, Romanian Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Salvation Army, Serbian Orthodox, Seventh Day Adventist, Shaker, Swedenborgian (New Church), Syrian/Syriac Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic, Ukrainian Orthodox, United Church, United Reformed Church, Vineyard Christian Fellowship, Wesleyan Christian and Worldwide Church of God.

Hindu includes offenders who belong to the following group: Hindu and Siddha Yoga.

Jewish includes offenders who belong to the following group: Jewish Orthodox, Jewish Reformed and Judaism.

Muslim includes offenders who belong to the following group: Muslim and Sufism.

Rastafarian includes offenders who belong to the following group: Rastafarian.

Sikh includes offenders who belong to the following group: Sikh.

Traditional Indigenous Spirituality includes offenders who belong to the following group: Indigenous Spirituality Catholic, Traditional Indigenous Protestant, Native Spirituality, Catholic - Native Spirituality, Native Spirituality Protestant and Indigenous Spirituality.

Wiccan/Pagan includes offenders who belong to the following group: Asatru Paganism, Druidry Paganism, Pagan and Wicca.

Other Religion includes offenders who belong to the following group: Baha'i, Eckankar, Independent Spirituality, Jain, Krishna, New Age, New Thought-Unity-Religious Science, Other, Pantheist, Rosicrucian, Satanist, Scientology, Shintoïste, Spiritualist, Taoism, Transcendental Meditation, Unification Church, Unitarian, Visnabha and Zoroastrian.

No religion Affiliation includes offenders who belong to the following group: Agnostic, Atheist, Gnostic, Humanist and offenders who have no religion affiliation.

Unknown includes offenders who belong to the following group: Unknown, not stated as well as those offenders who have no religion specified.

The data reflect all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Figure C15 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C10 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C15 Total offender population by religious identification
2016-17 2020-21
# % # %
Buddhist 489 2.1 447 2.1
Christian 11,800 51.2 9,271 43.1
Hindu 57 0.2 60 0.3
Jewish 177 0.8 251 1.2
Muslim 1,389 6.0 1,630 7.6
Rastafarian 169 0.7 157 0.7
Sikh 172 0.7 181 0.8
Traditional Aboriginal Spirituality 1,303 5.7 1,535 7.1
Wicca/Pagan 244 1.1 316 1.5
Other Religions 431 1.9 523 2.4
No Religion Affiliation 3,456 15.0 3,327 15.5
Unknown 3,358 14.6 3,814 17.7
Total 23,045 100.0 21,512 100.0

Table C15 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Religious identification is self-reported by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

Buddhist includes offenders who belong to the following group: Buddhist, Mahayana Buddhist, Theravadan Buddhist and Vajrayana Buddhist.

Christian includes offenders who belong to the following group: Amish, Anglican (Episcopal Church of England), Antiochian Orthodox, Apostolic Christian Church, Armenian Orthodox/Apostolic, Associated Gospel, Assyrian Chaldean Catholic, Baptist, Brethren In Christ, Bulgarian Orthodox, Canadian Reformed Church, Catholic- Greek, Catholic-Roman, Catholic-Ukranian, Catholic Non-Specific, Churches of Christ/Christian Churches, Charismatic, Christadelphian, Christian & Missionary Alliance, Christian Congregational, Christian Non Specific, Christian Or Plymouth Brethren, Christian Orthodox, Christian Reformed, Christian Reformed Church, Christian Science, Church of Christ Scientist, Church of God, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saint, Community of Christ, Coptic Orthodox, Doukhobor, Dutch Reformed Church, Ethiopian Orthodox, Evangelical, Evangelical Free Church , Evangelical Missionary Church, Free Methodist, Free Reformed Church, Grace Communion International, Greek Orthodox, Hutterite, Iglesia Ni Cristo, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Macedonian Orthodox, Maronite, Melkite, Mennonite, Messianic Jew, Methodist Christian, Metropolitan Community Church, Mission de l'Esprit Saint, Moravian, Mormon (Latter Day Saints), Nazarene Christian, Netherlands Reformed, New Apostolic, Pentecostal (4-Square), Pentecostal Assembly of God, Pentecôtiste, Philadelphia Church of God, Presbyterian, Protestant Non-Specific, Quaker (Society of Friends), Reformed Christian, Romanian Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Salvation Army, Serbian Orthodox, Seventh Day Adventist, Shaker, Swedenborgian (New Church), Syrian/Syriac Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic, Ukrainian Orthodox, United Church, United Reformed Church, Vineyard Christian Fellowship, Wesleyan Christian and Worldwide Church of God.

Hindu includes offenders who belong to the following group: Hindu and Siddha Yoga.

Jewish includes offenders who belong to the following group: Jewish Orthodox, Jewish Reformed and Judaism.

Muslim includes offenders who belong to the following group: Muslim and Sufism.

Rastafarian includes offenders who belong to the following group: Rastafarian.

Sikh includes offenders who belong to the following group: Sikh.

Traditional Indigenous Spirituality includes offenders who belong to the following group: Indigenous Spirituality Catholic, Traditional Indigenous Protestant, Native Spirituality, Catholic - Native Spirituality, Native Spirituality Protestant and Indigenous Spirituality.

Wiccan/Pagan includes offenders who belong to the following group: Asatru Paganism, Druidry Paganism, Pagan and Wicca.

Other Religion includes offenders who belong to the following group: Baha'i, Eckankar, Independent Spirituality, Jain, Krishna, New Age, New Thought-Unity-Religious Science, Other, Pantheist, Rosicrucian, Satanist, Scientology, Shintoïste, Spiritualist, Taoism, Transcendental Meditation, Unification Church, Unitarian, Visnabha and Zoroastrian.

No religion Affiliation includes offenders who belong to the following group: Agnostic, Atheist, Gnostic, Humanist and offenders who have no religion affiliation.

Unknown includes offenders who belong to the following group: Unknown, not stated as well as those offenders who have no religion specified.

The data reflect all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C15 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C10 in the 2020 CCRSO.

CSC offenders by Indigenous and non-Indigenous self-identification

Figure C16 Proportion of Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders in custody
Figure C16
Image description

Line graph showing the proportion of self-identified Indigenous and self-identified non-Indigenous offenders in custody from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2020 to 21. The percentage of self-identified non-Indigenous offenders rose slightly from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2013 to 14, then dropped steadily to fiscal year 2020 to 21 at 54 percent. The percentage of self-identified Indigenous offenders decreased from fiscal year 2011 to 12, experiencing a slight rise in fiscal year 2018 to 19, then ending at its lowest point of 67.4 percent in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full data are immediately below.

Figure C16 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In Community Population includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Indigenous identity is self-reported. Non-indigenous offenders includes offenders who do not identify as Indigenous . See Table C9 for the self-reported race of CSC’s offender population.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C16 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C11 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C16 Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders in custody vs in the community under supervision
In-Custody Population In Community Under Supervision Total
# % # %
Males 2016-17 Indigenous 3,545 72.2 1,362 27.8 4,907
Non-Indigenous 9,922 59.0 6,885 41.0 16,807
Total 13,467 62.0 8,247 38.0 21,714
2017-18 Indigenous 3,647 71.4 1,464 28.6 5,111
Non-Indigenous 9,769 58.4 6,946 41.6 16,715
Total 13,416 61.5 8,410 38.5 21,826
2018-19 Indigenous 3,877 71.5 1,548 28.5 5,425
Non-Indigenous 9,571 57.6 7,036 42.4 16,607
Total 13,448 61.0 8,584 39.0 22,032
2019-20 Indigenous 3,855 69.6 1,684 30.4 5,539
Non-Indigenous 9,177 56.8 6,966 43.2 16,143
Total 13,032 60.1 8,650 39.9 21,682
2020-21 Indigenous 3,646 68.5 1,678 31.5 5,324
Non-Indigenous 8,132 54.8 6,718 45.2 14,850
Total 11,778 58.4 8,396 41.6 20,174
Females 2016-17 Indigenous 253 61.0 162 39.0 415
Non-Indigenous 439 47.9 477 52.1 916
Total 692 52.0 639 48.0 1,331
2017-18 Indigenous 270 58.6 191 41.4 461
Non-Indigenous 406 43.4 530 56.6 936
Total 676 48.4 721 51.6 1,397
2018-19 Indigenous 291 59.5 198 40.5 489
Non-Indigenous 410 43.5 533 56.5 943
Total 701 49.0 731 51.0 1,432
2019-20 Indigenous 279 57.3 208 42.7 487
Non-Indigenous 406 43.7 523 56.3 929
Total 685 48.4 731 51.6 1,416
2020-21 Indigenous 267 55.2 217 44.8 484
Non-Indigenous 351 41.2 500 58.8 851
Total 618 46.3 717 53.7 1,335
Another Sex 2019-20 Indigenous 1 100.0 0 0.0 1
Non-Indigenous 2 66.7 1 33.3 3
Total 3 75.0 1 25.0 4
2020-21 Indigenous 1 100.0 0 0.0 1
Non-Indigenous 2 100.0 0 0.0 2
Total 3 100.0 0 0.0 3

Table C16 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Population includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C16 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C11 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Offenders in-custody at a CSC facility by security risk classification

Figure C17 Percentage of classified in-custody offenders (2020-21)
Figure C17
Image description

Bar graph comparing the percentage of in-custody offenders at a Correctional Service Canada facility by security risk classification and Indigenaity for fiscal year 2020 to 21. Minimum security facilities had fewer Indigenous offenders at 13.6 percent than non-Indigenous offenders at 20 percent. Medium security facilities had the most offenders in both identity categories. Medium security facilities had a larger proportion of Indigenous offenders at 69.2 percent, than non-Indigenous offenders at 66.7 percent. Finally maximum security facilities also had more Indigenous offenders at 17.2 percent than non-Indigenous offenders at 13.3 percent. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure C17 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

The data represent the offender security level decision as of end of fiscal year 2020-2021.

The Not yet determined category includes offenders who have not yet been classified.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

Figure C17 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C12 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C17 Total of classified in-custody offenders (2020-21)
Security Risk Level Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total
# % # % # %
Minimum 501 13.6 1,536 20.0 2,037 17.9
Medium 2,550 69.2 5,127 66.7 7,677 67.5
Maximum 633 17.2 1,025 13.3 1,658 14.6
Total 3,684 100.0 7,688 100.0 11,372 100.0
Not Yet Determined 230 100.0 797 100.0 1,027 100.0
Total 3,914 8,485 12,399

Table C17 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

The data represent the offender security level decision as of end of fiscal year 2020-2021.

The Not yet determined category includes offenders who have not yet been classified.

Table C17 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C12 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Admissions to federal jurisdiction with a life and/or indeterminate sentenceFootnote *: 10-year trend

Figure C18 Number of warrant of committal admissions for life and/or indeterminate sentencesFootnote *
Figure C18
Image description

Line graph showing the number of warrant of committal admissions to federal jurisdiction with life and or indeterminate sentences from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2020 to 21. Indigenous offenders had 54 admissions in fiscal year 2011 to 12, dropping to 41 in fiscal year 2014 to 15, rising to 53 in fiscal year 2015 to 16, before dropping briefly to 47 in fiscal year 2016 to 17. The numbers then rose to its peak of 83 in fiscal year 2017 to 18, before dropping again gradually until 22 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Non-Indigenous offenders had 121 admissions in fiscal year 2011 to 12, dropping briefly in fiscal year 2012 to 13 to 118, prior to rising to its peak of 146 in fiscal year 2017 to 18, before dropping again to its lowest point of 64 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full data are available immediately below.

Figure C18 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

This table combines offenders serving life sentences and offenders serving indeterminate sentences.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, in the community supervised on a long-term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Figure C18 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C13 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C18 Number of warrant of committal admissions for life and/or indeterminate sentencesFootnote *
Year Indigenous Offenders Non-Indigenous Offenders Total
Females Males Total Females Males Total Females Males Total
2011-12 6 48 54 11 110 121 17 158 175
2012-13 6 47 53 2 116 118 8 163 171
2013-14 7 42 49 7 119 126 14 161 175
2014-15 1 40 41 8 120 128 9 160 169
2015-16 5 48 53 6 127 133 11 175 186
2016-17 2 45 47 11 127 138 13 172 185
2017-18 6 77 83 12 134 146 18 211 229
2018-19 6 55 61 4 126 130 10 181 191
2019-20 1 47 48 8 127 135 9 174 183
2020-21 1 21 22 1 63 64 2 84 86

Table C18 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

These numbers refer to the total number of admissions to a federal institution or Healing Lodge during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year.

There is a lag in the data entry of admissions into CSC’s Offender Management System. The admission figures for the most recent year are under-reported by 200-400 admissions at the time of year end data extraction. More accurate figures will be available in the next year’s publication. Please use caution when including the most recent year in any trend analysis.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

This table combines offenders serving life sentences and offenders serving indeterminate sentences.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, in the community supervised on a long-term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Table C18 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C13 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Proportion of offenders with life and/or indeterminate sentences

Figure C19 Sentence imposed for the total offender population (2020-21)
Figure C19
Image description

Bar illustration of the proportion of offenders with life or indeterminate sentences in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Of sentences imposed for the total offender population in fiscal year 2020 to 21, offenders with life or indeterminate sentences accounted for 26.8 percent of the sentences that were imposed. This includes 23.6 percent that were life sentences, 3.1 percent that were indeterminate sentences, and 0.1 percent that were both life and indeterminate sentences. While, on the other hand, determinate sentences reflect 73.2 percent of sentences that are imposed. Full data are available below.

Figure C19 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, in the community supervised on a long-term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Figure C19 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C14 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C19 Total offender population (2020-21)
Total Offender Population In Custody in a CSC Facility In Community Under Supervision
# % Incarcerated Day Parole Full Parole Other
Offenders with a life sentence for:
1st Degree Murder
1,285 6.0 982 76 227 0
2nd Degree Murder
3,592 16.7 1,847 263 1,482 0
Other Offences
191 0.9 103 14 74 0
Total 5,068 23.6 2,932 353 1,783 0
Offenders with indeterminate sentencesFootnote * resulting from the special designation of:
Dangerous Offender
655 3.0 606 24 25 0
Dangerous Sexual Offender
10 0.0 5 1 4 0
Habitual Offender
1 0.0 0 0 1 0
Total 666 3.1 611 25 30 0
Offenders serving an indeterminate sentenceFootnote * (due to a special designation) and a life sentence (due to an offence) 21 0.1 18 1 2 0
Total offenders with life and/or indeterminate sentenceFootnote * 5,755 26.8 3,561 379 1,815 0
Offenders Serving Determinate sentences 15,757 73.2 8,838 1,027 2,688 3,204
Total 21,512 100.0 12,399 1,406 4,503 3,204

Table C19 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, in the community supervised on a long-term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Table C19 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C14 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Percentage of total offender population serving a sentence for a violent offence

Figure C20 Percentage of total offender population serving a sentence for a violent offence (2020-21)
Figure C20
Image description

Bar graph showing the percentage of the total offender population serving a sentence for a violent offence, for Indigenous and non-Indigenous identities, in fiscal year 2020 to 21. For Murder I sentences, Indigenous offenders accounted for 4.4 percent of the total offender population and non-Indigenous offenders accounted for 6.6 percent. For Murder II sentences, Indigenous offenders accounted for 14.9 percent of the total offender population and non-Indigenous offenders accounted for 17.5 percent. Of Schedule I sentences, Indigenous offenders accounted for 60.5 percent of the total offender population, and non-Indigenous offenders accounted for 47.2 percent. Of Schedule II sentences, Indigenous offenders accounted for 9.3 percent of the total offender population and non-Indigenous offenders accounted for 18.4 percent. Of Non-Schedule sentences, Indigenous offenders accounted for 10.8 percent of the total offender population and non-Indigenous offenders accounted for 10.2 percent. Full data are available below.

Figure C20 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In cases where the offender is serving a sentence for more than one offence, the data reflect the most serious offence.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Violent offences include first degree murder, second degree murder, and Schedule I offences.

Figure C20 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C15 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C20 Total offender population serving a sentence for a violent offence (2020-21)
Offence Category Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total
Female Male Another Sex Total Female Male Another Sex Total Female Male Another Sex Total
Murder I 12 246 0 258 45 999 0 1,044 57 1,245 0 1,302
% 2.5 4.6 0.0 4.4 5.3 6.7 0.0 6.6 4.3 6.2 0.0 6.1
Murder II 67 798 1 866 118 2,632 2 2,752 185 3,430 3 3,618
% 13.8 15.0 100.0 14.9 13.9 17.7 100.0 17.5 13.9 17.0 100.0 16.8
Schedule IFootnote * 249 3,267 0 3516 235 7,183 0 7,418 484 10,450 0 10,934
% 51.4 61.4 0.0 60.5 27.6 48.4 0.0 47.2 36.3 51.8 0.0 50.8
Schedule IIFootnote ** 97 445 0 542 305 2,579 0 2,884 402 3,024 0 3,426
% 20.0 8.4 0.0 9.3 35.8 17.4 0.0 18.4 30.1 15.0 0.0 15.9
Non-Schedule 59 568 0 627 148 1,457 0 1,605 207 2,025 0 2,232
% 12.2 10.7 0.0 10.8 17.4 9.8 0.0 10.2 15.5 10.0 0.0 10.4
Total 484 5,324 1 5,809 851 14,850 2 15,703 1,335 20,174 3 21,512

Table C20 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In cases where the offender is serving a sentence for more than one offence, the data reflect the most serious offence.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Table C20 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C15 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Indigenous offenders under the responsibility of CSC

Figure C21 Indigenous offender population
Figure C21
Image description

Line graph showing the Indigenous offender population under the responsibility of Correctional Service Canada. In community under supervision were 1,524 Indigenous offenders in fiscal year 2016 to 17, rising steadily until reaching 1,895 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Indigenous in-custody offenders started at 3,798 in fiscal year 2016 to 17, rising until its peak of 4,168 in fiscal year 2018 to 19, prior to dropping to 3,914 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full data are available below.

Figure C21 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Total includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Regional statistics for the Correctional Service of Canada account for data relating to the northern territories in the following manner: data for Nunavut are reported in the Ontario Region, data for the Northwest Territories are reported in the Prairies Region, and data for the Yukon Territories are reported in the Pacific Region.

Figure C21 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C16 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C21 Indigenous offender population
Indigenous Offenders Fiscal Year
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
In Custody
Atlantic Region Male 175 184 224 234 211
Female 8 14 19 18 25
Another Sex NR NR NR 0 0
Quebec Region Male 384 392 449 370 352
Female 14 11 16 13 14
Another Sex NR NR NR 0 0
Ontario Region Male 487 534 558 612 528
Female 37 43 50 49 53
Another Sex NR NR NR 0 0
Prairie Region Male 1,861 1,879 1,955 1,968 1,925
Female 155 163 158 152 127
Another Sex NR NR NR 0 0
Pacific Region Male 638 658 691 671 630
Female 39 39 48 47 48
Another Sex NR NR NR 1 1
National Total Male 3,545 3,647 3,877 3,855 3,646
Female 253 270 291 279 267
Another Sex NR NR NR 1 1
Total 3,798 3,917 4,168 4,135 3,914
In Community Under Supervision
Atlantic Region Male 71 88 83 106 97
Female 11 9 10 13 13
Another Sex NR NR NR 0 0
Quebec Region Male 185 181 162 182 182
Female 10 6 9 8 9
Another Sex NR NR NR 0 0
Ontario Region Male 201 231 239 277 291
Female 31 29 31 28 34
Another Sex NR NR NR 0 0
Prairie Region Male 604 645 720 750 756
Female 78 111 113 119 123
Another Sex NR NR NR 0 0
Pacific Region Male 301 319 344 369 352
Female 32 36 35 40 38
Another Sex NR NR NR 0 0
National Total Male 1,362 1,464 1,548 1,684 1,678
Female 162 191 198 208 217
Another Sex NR NR NR 0 0
Total 1,524 1,655 1,746 1,892 1,895
Total Offender Population   5,322 5,572 5,914 6,027 5,809

Table C21 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility and offenders on remand in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Regional statistics for the Correctional Service of Canada account for data relating to the northern territories in the following manner: data for Nunavut are reported in the Ontario Region, data for the Northwest Territories are reported in the Prairies Region, and data for the Yukon Territories are reported in the Pacific Region.

Table C21 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C16 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Admissions to administrative segregation in a federal institution: 5-year trend

Figure C22 Number of admissions to administrative segregation
Figure C22
Image description

Line graph showing the number of admissions to administrative segregation in a federal institution from fiscal year 2015 to 16 until fiscal year 2019 to 29, by sex and by Indigenaity. Females represented the lowest admissions at 377 in fiscal year 2015 to 16, decreasing until 73 in fiscal year 2019 to 20. Males accounted for 6,411 admissions in fiscal year 2015 to 16, decreasing until 5,089 in fiscal year 2017 to 18, rising briefly in fiscal year 2018 to 19 to 5,282 admissions to administrative segregations, prior to dropping to its lowest point in fiscal year 2019 to 20 at 2,822. Those identifying as Indigenous had 2,137 admissions in fiscal year 2015 to 16, decreasing to 1,972 in fiscal year 2017 to 18, rising briefly to 2,120 in fiscal year 2018 to 19, then reaching its lowest point at 1,143 in fiscal year 2019 to 20. Non-Indigenous offenders had 4,651 admissions to administrative segregation in fiscal year 2015 to 16, decreasing until 1,752 in fiscal year 2019 to 20. Full data are available below.

Figure C22 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Administrative segregation is the separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision. As per subsection 33(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act:

31(3) The institutional head may order that an inmate be confined in administrative segregation if the institutional head is satisfied that there is no reasonable alternative to administrative segregation and he or she believes on reasonable grounds that:

(a) the inmate has acted, has attempted to act or intends to act in a manner that jeopardizes the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person and allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person;

(b) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would interfere with an investigation that could lead to a criminal charge or a charge under subsection 41(2) of a serious disciplinary offence; or

(c) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the inmate’s safety.

Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission.

Figure C22 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C17 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C22 Number of admissions to administrative segregation
Year and Type of Administrative SegregationFootnote * By Sex By Indigenous Identity
Females Males Another Sex Total Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total
2015-16
CCRA 31(3-A)
342 4,200 0 4,542 1,378 3,164 4,542
CCRA 31(3-B)
2 235 0 237 94 143 237
CCRA 31(3-C)
33 1,976 0 2,009 665 1,344 2,009
Total
377 6,411 0 6,788 2,137 4,651 6,788
2016-17
CCRA 31(3-A)
271 3,825 0 4,096 1,381 2,715 4,096
CCRA 31(3-B)
3 273 0 276 75 201 276
CCRA 31(3-C)
16 1,648 1 1,665 652 1,013 1,665
Total
290 5,746 1 6,037 2,108 3,929 6,037
2017-18
CCRA 31(3-A)
183 3,162 0 3,345 1,195 2,150 3,345
CCRA 31(3-B)
10 229 0 239 79 160 239
CCRA 31(3-C)
12 1,698 0 1,710 698 1,012 1,710
Total
205 5,089 0 5,294 1,972 3,322 5,294
2018-19
CCRA 31(3-A)
134 3,010 0 3,144 1,175 1,969 3,144
CCRA 31(3-B)
5 161 0 166 52 114 166
CCRA 31(3-C)
18 2,111 0 2,129 893 1,236 2,129
Total
157 5,282 0 5,439 2,120 3,319 5,439
2019-20Footnote *
CCRA 31(3-A)
57 1,599 0 1,656 661 995 1,656
CCRA 31(3-B)
5 60 0 65 25 40 65
CCRA 31(3-C)
11 1,163 0 1,174 457 717 1,174
Total
73 2,822 0 2,895 1,143 1,752 2,895

Table C22 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Administrative segregation is the separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision. As per subsection 33(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act:

31(3) The institutional head may order that an inmate be confined in administrative segregation if the institutional head is satisfied that there is no reasonable alternative to administrative segregation and he or she believes on reasonable grounds that:

(a) the inmate has acted, has attempted to act or intends to act in a manner that jeopardizes the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person and allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person;

(b) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would interfere with an investigation that could lead to a criminal charge or a charge under subsection 41(2) of a serious disciplinary offence; or

(c) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the inmate’s safety.

Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission.

Table C22 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C17 in the 2020 CCRSO.

72% of placements in administrative segregation in a CSC facility were for less than 30 days

Figure C23 Percentage of federal offenders admitted to administrative segregation (2019-20)Footnote *
Figure C23
Image description

Two bar graphs showing the percentage of federal offenders admitted to administrative segregation first by race and then by sex for the fiscal year 2019 to 20. 73.0 percent of non-Indigenous offenders and 71.1 percent of Indigenous offenders were in placements of administrative segregation for less than 30 days; 15.5 percent of non-Indigenous offenders and 17.0 percent of Indigenous offenders were in placements of 30 to 60 days; 6.5 percent of non-Indigenous offenders and 6.7 percent of Indigenous offenders were in placements of 61 to 90 days; 2.5 percent of non-Indigenous offenders and 2.7 percent of Indigenous offenders were in placements of 91 to 120 days; and 2.5 percent of non-Indigenous offenders and 2.6 percent of Indigenous offenders were in placements of more than 120 days.

97.3 percent of females and 71.7 percent of males were in placements of administrative segregation for less than 30 days; 2.7 percent of females and 16.4 percent of males were in placements of 30 to 60 days; 0.0 percent of females and 6.7 percent of males were in placements of 61 to 90 days; 0.0 percent of females and 2.6 percent of males were in placements of 91 to 120 days; and 0.0 percent of females and 2.6 percent of males were in placements of more than 120 days. Full data are available below.

Figure C23 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Administrative segregation is the separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision. As per subsection 33(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act:

31(3) The institutional head may order that an inmate be confined in administrative segregation if the institutional head is satisfied that there is no reasonable alternative to administrative segregation and he or she believes on reasonable grounds that:

(a) the inmate has acted, has attempted to act or intends to act in a manner that jeopardizes the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person and allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person;

(b) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would interfere with an investigation that could lead to a criminal charge or a charge under subsection 41(2) of a serious disciplinary offence; or

(c) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the inmate’s safety.

Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission.

Figure C23 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C18 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C23 Number of federal offenders admitted to administrative segregation (2019-20)Footnote *
Length of Stay in Administrative SegregationFootnote * By Sex By Indigenous identity Total
Females Males Indigenous Non-Indigenous
2019-20 # % # % # % # % # %
< 30 days
71 97.3 2,252 71.7 909 71.1 1,414 73.0 2,323 72.2
30-60 days
2 2.7 515 16.4 217 17.0 300 15.5 517 16.1
61-90 days
0 0.0 212 6.7 86 6.7 126 6.5 212 6.6
91-120 days
0 0.0 83 2.6 34 2.7 49 2.5 83 2.6
> 120 days
0 0.0 81 2.6 33 2.6 48 2.5 81 2.5
Total
73 100 3,143 100 1,279 100 1,937 100 3,216 100

Table C23 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Administrative segregation is the separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision. As per subsection 33(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act:

31(3) The institutional head may order that an inmate be confined in administrative segregation if the institutional head is satisfied that there is no reasonable alternative to administrative segregation and he or she believes on reasonable grounds that:

(a) the inmate has acted, has attempted to act or intends to act in a manner that jeopardizes the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person and allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the security of the penitentiary or the safety of any person;

(b) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would interfere with an investigation that could lead to a criminal charge or a charge under subsection 41(2) of a serious disciplinary offence; or

(c) allowing the inmate to associate with other inmates would jeopardize the inmate’s safety.

Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission.

Table C23 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C18 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Number of offender deaths while in custody: 10-year trend

Figure C24 The number of deaths in federal and provincial/territorial custody by cause of death
Figure C24
Image description

Line graph showing the number of offender deaths while in the custody of federal, provincial and territorial correctional systems by cause of death from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2020 to 21. Homicide accounted for the fewest amount of deaths, at less than 5 per year and remained consistent over the 10 year period. Suicide accounted for less than 25 deaths per year until fiscal year 2020 to 21 when it jumped to 30 deaths. Years with the lowest numbers of suicide were fiscal years 2016 to 17 and fiscal year 2018 to 19. Full data are available below. Causes of death classified as “Other” than homicide or suicide closely match the overall trend in offender deaths in custody because they are by far the most common cause of offender deaths starting at about 60 in fiscal year 2011 to 12, erratically moving upward and downward most years, which forms a trend of gradual increase until the year 2020 to 21 when there was a large jump in the number of deaths in this category to over 100 deaths for that year. Full data are available below.

Figure C24 Notes

Source: Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Other causes of death includes death from natural causes, accidental deaths, death as a result of legal intervention, unknown cause of death and other.

The data on cause of death are subject to change following an official review or investigation, and should be used/interpreted with caution. The data presented were provided by the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics at Statistics Canada, and may not reflect the outcome of recent reviews or investigations or cause of death.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure C24 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C19 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C24 Deaths in federal and provincial/territorial custody by cause of death
Year Homicide Suicide Other Causes Total
Federal # % # % # % #
2011-12
3 5.7 8 15.1 42 79.2 53
2012-13
1 1.8 11 20.0 43 78.2 55
2013-14
1 2.1 9 18.8 38 79.2 48
2014-15
1 1.5 13 19.4 53 79.1 67
2015-16
3 4.6 9 13.8 53 81.5 65
2016-17
0 0.0 3 6.4 44 93.6 47
2017-18
2 3.6 6 10.9 47 85.5 55
2018-19
5 9.8 6 11.8 40 78.4 51
2019-20
4 6.5 11 17.7 47 75.8 62
2020-21
1 1.4 6 8.7 62 89.9 69
Total
27 4.0 95 14.2 549 81.8 671
Provincial and Territories # % # % # % #
2011-12
0 0.0 16 42.1 22 57.9 38
2012-13
1 2.3 8 18.2 35 79.5 44
2013-14
1 2.4 10 24.4 30 73.2 41
2014-15
0 0.0 9 24.3 28 75.7 37
2015-16
0 0.0 6 14.3 36 85.7 42
2016-17
0 0.0 7 17.1 34 82.9 41
2017-18
0 0.0 14 25.0 42 75.0 56
2018-19
0 0.0 7 14.0 43 86.0 50
2019-20
0 0.0 10 22.7 34 77.3 44
2020-21
1 1.3 24 30.0 55 68.8 80
Total
4 0.7 121 22.1 422 77.1 547
Total Federal and Provincial Offender Deaths 31 4.8 216 36.3 971 159.0 1,218

Table C24 Notes

Source: Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

For the calculation of rates, the total actual in-count numbers between 2009-10 and 2018-19 was used as the denominator.

Other causes of death includes death from natural causes, accidental deaths, death as a result of legal intervention, unknown cause of death and other.

The data on cause of death are subject to change following an official review or investigation, and should be used/interpreted with caution. The data presented were provided by the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics at Statistics Canada, and may not reflect the outcome of recent reviews or investigations or cause of death.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table C24 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C19 in the 2020 CCRSO.

The number of escapees from federal institutions

Figure C25 Number of escapees from federal institutions
Figure C25
Image description

Line graph showing the number of escapees from federal institutions from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2020 to 21. This trend rose and fell erratically over the 10-year period with its peaks in 2012 to 13, 2015 to 16, and 2017 to 18, and lowest points in 2011 to 12, 2013 to 14, 2016 to 17, and 2020 to 21. This represents a gradual decline from around 20 escapees early in the time period to just over 10 escapees at the end of the time period. Full data are available below.

Figure C25 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

The data represent the number of escape incidents from federal facilities or Healing Lodges during each fiscal year. An escape can involve more than one offender.

These numbers are subject to change further to new information becoming available.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C25 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C20 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C25 Number of escapees from federal institutions
Escapes 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Total Number of Escape Incidents 9 13 12 9 11
Total Number of Escapees 9 18 13 12 11

Table C25 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

The data represent the number of escape incidents from federal facilities or Healing Lodges during each fiscal year. An escape can involve more than one offender.

These numbers are subject to change further to new information becoming available.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C25 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C20 in the 2020 CCRSO.

CSC offenders in community under supervision: 10-year trend

Figure C26 In community under supervision population at fiscal year end
Figure C26
Image description

Line graph showing the population of Correctional Service Canada offenders in the community under supervision at fiscal year-end for the fiscal years 2011 to 12 until 2020 to 21. Day parole accounted for the lowest number of offenders gradually increasing from 1,246 in fiscal year 2011 to 12 until its peak in fiscal year 2018 to 19 at 1,692, then decreases to 1,406 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Statutory release accounts for the next lowest population rising from 2,788 in fiscal year 2011 to 12 until its peak in 2014 to 15 at 3,304 remaining relatively consistent until a drop after fiscal year 2016 to 17 which continued until fiscal year 2020 to 21 at 2,715. Full parole dropped from 3,411 in fiscal year 2011 to 12 to 3,157 in fiscal year 2012 to 13, before climbing to its peak in fiscal year 2019 to 20 at 4,570, then dropping to 4,503 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. The totals follow a similar trend dropping first from 2011 to 12 until 2012 to 13, then rising until its peak in 2019 to 20, and dropping again slightly in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full data are available below.

Figure C26 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

The data reflect the offender population in the community under supervision which includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

The data presented above do not include offenders who were on long term supervision orders (See Figure/Table E4).

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

Percent change is measured from the previous year.

These cases reflect the number of offenders on active supervision at fiscal year end. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure C26 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C21 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C26 In community under supervision population at fiscal year end
Year Day Parole Full Parole Statutory Release Totals % change
Females Males Another Sex Females Males Another Sex Females Males Another Sex Females Males Another Sex Total Both
2011-12 123 1,123 NR 257 3,154 NR 127 2,661 NR 507 6,938 NR 7,445 -1.5
2012-13 116 1,106 NR 225 2,932 NR 136 2,801 NR 477 6,839 NR 7,316 -1.7
2013-14 106 1,104 NR 225 3,017 NR 153 2,858 NR 484 6,979 NR 7,463 2.0
2014-15 115 1,236 NR 239 3,065 NR 150 2,909 NR 504 7,210 NR 7,714 3.4
2015-16 124 1,248 NR 273 3,276 NR 177 2,849 NR 574 7,373 NR 7,947 3.0
2016-17 158 1,392 NR 316 3,587 NR 154 2,856 NR 628 7,835 NR 8,463 6.5
2017-18 197 1,462 NR 369 3,864 NR 145 2,644 NR 711 7,970 NR 8,681 2.6
2018-19 192 1,500 NR 370 4,059 NR 159 2,595 NR 721 8,154 NR 8,875 2.2
2019-20 163 1,376 0 406 4,164 1 152 2,632 0 721 8,172 1 8,894 0.2
2020-21 148 1,258 0 398 4,105 0 161 2,554 0 707 7,917 0 8,624 -3.0

Table C26 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

The data reflect the offender population in the community under supervision which includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days, offenders on remand in a non-CSC facility, and offenders supervised and subject to an immigration hold by Canada Border Services Agency.

The data presented above do not include offenders who were on long term supervision orders (See Figure/Table E4).

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

Percent change is measured from the previous year.

These cases reflect the number of offenders on active supervision at fiscal year end. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C26 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C21 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Offenders under provincial/territorial supervision on probation or conditional sentence: 10-year trend

Figure C27 Average monthly offender counts
Figure C27
Image description

Line graph showing the average monthly offender accounts under provincial and territorial supervision on probation or conditional sentences from fiscal year 2010 to 11 until fiscal year 2019 to 20. Conditional sentences decreased from 12,968 in fiscal year 2010 to 11 to 5,995 in fiscal year 2019 to 20. Probation counts decreased from 101,825 in fiscal year 2010 to 11 to 80,705 in fiscal year 2014 to 15, prior to increasing for fiscal year 2015 to 16 at 85,845, decreasing for fiscal year 2016 to 17 at 84,978, increasing again for fiscal year 2017 to 18 at 87,342, then decreasing until its lowest point in fiscal year 2020 to 21 at 79,652. The totals follow the same trend as the probation line, with its highest point in fiscal year 2010, and its lowest point in fiscal year 2019. Full data are available below.

Figure C27 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0154-01, Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics

Canada.

A conditional sentence is a disposition of the court where the offender serves a term of imprisonment in the community under specified conditions. This type of sentence can only be imposed in cases where the term of imprisonment would be less than two years. Conditional sentences have been a provincial and territorial sentencing option since September 1996.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure C27 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C22 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C27 Average monthly offender counts
Year Average Monthly Offender Counts on Probation Average Monthly Offender Counts on Conditional Sentence Total
2010-11 101,825 12,968.60 114,794
2011-12 98,843 12,615.90 111,459
2012-13 96,116 12,202.40 108,318
2013-14 84,905 10,076.80 94,981
2014-15 80,705 8,745.60 89,451
2015-16 85,845 8,258.80 94,104
2016-17 84,978 7,249.30 92,228
2017-18 87,342 6,528.90 93,871
2018-19 82,500 6,082.10 88,582
2019-20 79,652 5,995.00 85,647

Table C27 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0154-01, Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

A conditional sentence is a disposition of the court where the offender serves a term of imprisonment in the community under specified conditions. This type of sentence can only be imposed in cases where the term of imprisonment would be less than two years. Conditional sentences have been a provincial and territorial sentencing option since September 1996.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table C27 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C22 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Population of offenders on provincial parole: 10-year trend

Figure C28 Average monthly count of offenders on provincial day or full parole
Figure C28
Image description

Line graph showing the average monthly count of offenders on provincial day or full parole from fiscal year 2010 to 11 until fiscal year 2019 to 20. The population of offenders decreases from 820 in fiscal year 2010 to 11 to its lowest point at 769 in fiscal year 2012 to 13, before increasing steadily until its peak at 1408 in fiscal year 2018 to 19, before dropping to 1100 in fiscal year 2019 to 20. Full data are available below.

Figure C28 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0154-01, Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

In 2020, provincial parole boards operated in Quebec and Ontario. The provincial parole board in Alberta was officially introduced on February 1st, 2021. Thus, data related to the latter will only be available in the next iteration of the CCRSO. On April 1, 2007, the Parole Board of Canada assumed responsibility for parole decisions relating to offenders serving sentences in British Columbia's provincial correctional facilities. The Parole Board of Canada has jurisdiction over granting parole to provincial offenders in the Atlantic and Prairie provinces, British Columbia, and to territorial offenders in Yukon, Nunavut and the Northwest Territories.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Figure C28 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure C23 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table C28 Average monthly count of offenders on provincial day or full parole
Year Provincial Boards Parole Board of Canada Total % Change
Quebec Ontario Total
2010-11 482 171 653 167 820 100.0
2011-12 481 179 660 144 804 -2.0
2012-13 462 164 626 143 769 -4.6
2013-14 527 172 699 154 853 9.8
2014-15 612 207 821 151 972 12.2
2015-16 639 207 846 139 985 1.3
2016-17 701 205 907 151 1058 6.9
2017-18 792 242 1,034 163 1197 11.6
2018-19 858 398 1,256 152 1408 15.0
2019-20 682 289 973 127 1100 -28.0

Table C28 Notes

Source: Table 35-10-0154-01, Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Provincial parole boards operate in Quebec and Ontario. On April 1, 2007, the Parole Board of Canada assumed responsibility for parole decisions relating to offenders serving sentences in British Columbia's provincial correctional facilities. The Parole Board of Canada has jurisdiction over granting parole to provincial offenders in the Atlantic and Prairie provinces, British Columbia, and to territorial offenders in Yukon, Nunavut and the Northwest Territories.

The figure includes data from the most recent year available at the time of publication.

Table C28 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table C23 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Section D: Conditional Release

Number of CSC offenders granted temporary absences: 10-year trend

Figure D1 Number of offenders granted temporary absences and work releases
Figure D1
Image description

Line graph showing the number of Correctional Service of Canada offenders who were granted temporary absences, over a 10-year period, by type of temporary absence that was granted. The vast majority of temporary absences which were granted are escorted temporary absences, which went from around 2,700 being granted per year in fiscal year 2011 to 12, to slightly decline to about 2,300 being granted in fiscal year 2019 to 20, quickly declining to less than 500 temporary absences which were granted in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Work releases and unescorted temporary absences were each granted just under 500 temporary absences in fiscal year 2011 to 12, which declined slowly for each of the years until fiscal year 2019 to 20, after which these temporary absence grants plunged to close to zero in fiscal year 2022 to 21. Full data are available below.

Figure D1 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

A temporary absence is permission given to an eligible offender to be away from the normal place of confinement for medical, administrative, community service, family contact, personal development for rehabilitative purposes, or compassionate reasons, including parental responsibilities.

A work release is a structure program of release of specified duration for work or community service outside the penitentiary, under the supervision of a staff member or other authorized person or organization.

These numbers depict the number of offenders who received at least one temporary absence permit (excluding those for medical purposes) or at least one work release. An offender may be granted more than one temporary absence permit or work.

Figure D1 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure D12 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table D1 Number of offenders granted temporary absences and work releases
Year Temporary Absences Work Releases
Escorted Unescorted
# of Offenders # of Permits # of Offenders # of Permits # of Offenders # of Permits
2011-12 2,685 44,396 418 3,891 435 875
2012-13 2,753 47,814 448 3,709 455 815
2013-14 2,740 49,502 448 4,005 400 643
2014-15 2,574 49,630 411 3,563 345 489
2015-16 2,437 47,072 445 4,077 304 418
2016-17 2,537 48,574 442 3,778 323 481
2017-18 2,538 50,477 428 3,165 312 443
2018-19 2,527 55,927 411 2,819 302 434
2019-20 2,307 51,008 362 2,890 234 315
2020-21 378 2,619 18 59 47 54

Table D1 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

A temporary absence is permission given to an eligible offender to be away from the normal place of confinement for medical, administrative, community service, family contact, personal development for rehabilitative purposes, or compassionate reasons, including parental responsibilities.

A work release is a structure program of release of specified duration for work or community service outside the penitentiary, under the supervision of a staff member or other authorized person or organization.

These numbers depict the number of offenders who received at least one temporary absence permit (excluding those for medical purposes) or at least one work release. An offender may be granted more than one temporary absence permit or work.

Table D1 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table D12 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Offenders released from federal institutions including Healing Lodges on parole: 10-year trend

Figure D2 PercentageFootnote * of offenders released from a federal institution or Healing Lodge
Figure D2
Image description

Line graph showing the percentage of offenders that were released from federal institutions and Healing Lodges to be on parole, over a 10 year period, by type of parole. About 20 percent of offenders at federal institutions were released on day parole between fiscal year 2011 to 12 and fiscal year 2013 to 14 when the rate of day parole release rose to a high of over 35 percent in fiscal year 2019 to 20, after which the rate declined to just under 35 percent in fiscal year 202 to 21. In contrast, very few people are granted full parole, with the rate hovering between two and four percent for the entire 10 year period. Full data are available below.

Figure D2 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

The data includes all releases from a federal institution or Healing Lodge in a given fiscal year excluding offenders with quashed sentences, offenders who died in custody, long-term supervision order (LTSO) releases, offenders released at warrant expiry and offenders transferred to foreign countries. An offender may be released more than once during the reporting timeframe in cases where a previous release was subject to revocation, suspension, temporary detention, interruption or in cases where an offender served more than one sentence.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table D2 Offenders released from a federal institution or Healing Lodge
Year Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total Offender Population
Day Parole Full Parole Total Releases Day Parole Full Parole Total Releases Day Parole Full Parole Total Releases
2011-12 # 291 12 1,792 1,520 116 5,448 1,811 128 7,240
% 16.2 0.7 27.9 2.1 25.0 1.8
2012-13 # 319 7 1,954 1,509 110 5,579 1,828 117 7,533
% 16.3 0.4 27.0 2.0 24.3 1.6
2013-14 # 288 18 2,037 1,594 145 5,644 1,882 163 7,681
% 14.1 0.9 28.2 2.6 24.5 2.1
2014-15 # 311 10 2,066 1,664 175 5,466 1,975 185 7,532
% 15.1 0.5 30.4 3.2 26.2 2.5
2015-16 # 342 14 2,038 1,788 164 5,578 2,130 178 7,616
% 16.8 0.7 32.1 2.9 28.0 2.3
2016-17 # 433 14 2,039 2,094 153 5,538 2,527 167 7,577
% 21.2 0.7 37.8 2.8 33.4 2.2
2017-18 # 500 25 2,065 2,122 184 5,186 2,622 209 7,251
% 24.2 1.2 40.9 3.5 36.2 2.9
2018-19 # 552 33 2,014 2,131 174 5,049 2,683 207 7,063
% 27.4 1.6 42.2 3.4 38.0 2.9
2019-20 # 517 24 2,167 2,026 140 4,897 2,543 164 7,064
% 23.9 1.1 41.4 2.9 36.0 2.3
2020-21 # 487 15 2,076 1,827 87 4,465 2,314 102 6,541
% 23.5 0.7 40.9 1.9 35.4 1.6

Table D2 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Percentage is calculated based on the number of day and full paroles compared to the total releases for each offender group.

The data includes all releases from a federal institution or Healing Lodge in a given fiscal year excluding offenders with quashed sentences, offenders who died in custody, long-term supervision order (LTSO) releases, offenders released at warrant expiry and offenders transferred to foreign countries. An offender may be released more than once during the reporting timeframe in cases where a previous release was subject to revocation, suspension, temporary detention, interruption or in cases where an offender served more than one sentence.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Federal day and full parole grant rates: 10-year trend

Figure D3 Federal parole grant rates
Figure D3
Image description

Line graph showing federal day and full parole grant rates, over a 10 year period. Between fiscal year 2011 to 12 and fiscal year 2019 to 20 the federal rate for granting day parole went from about 65 percent to over 75 percent, declining to nearly 65 percent again in fiscal year 2020 to 21. The rate for granting full parole follows a similar trend, but starts at just over 20 percent being granted full parole in fiscal year 2011 to 12 to a high of around 35 percent in fiscal year 2019 to 20, falling to just under 30 percent in the next fiscal year. Full data are available below.

Figure D3 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution, half-way house, or other location deemed appropriate for managing their risk, unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Not included were offenders in the category Other Gender.

Between 2011-12 and 2020-21, there were two decisions made in respect of an offender who identified as other gender, one granted/denied day parole decision and one granted/denied full parole decision. On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions were excluded.

Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effect between 2011-12 and 2015-16 as a sufficiently large proportion of the APR-affected population was granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

Table D3 Federal parole grant ratesFootnote *
Type of Release Year Granted Denied Grant RateFootnote * (%) APR
Females Males Females Males Females Males Total Directed Total
Day Parole 2011-12 249 2,491 66 1,441 79.0 63.4 64.5 - -
2012-13 289 2,821 73 1,415 79.8 66.6 67.6 14 21
2013-14 248 2,824 52 1,274 82.7 68.9 69.8 39 47
2014-15 299 3,022 51 1,282 85.4 70.2 71.4 38 45
2015-16 293 3,091 52 1,078 84.9 74.1 75.0 86 90
2016-17 401 3,443 47 1,041 89.5 76.8 77.9 80 83
2017-18 438 3,611 30 1,039 93.6 77.7 79.1 100 106
2018-19 471 3,735 27 1,056 94.6 78.0 79.5 56 58
2019-20 437 3,588 35 972 92.6 78.7 80.0 48 48
2020-21 353 3,409 49 1,463 87.8 70.0 71.3 25 25
Full Parole 2011-12 77 644 127 2,316 37.7 21.8 22.8 - -
2012-13 90 914 142 2,328 38.8 28.2 28.9 26 26
2013-14 84 904 103 2,202 44.9 29.1 30.0 126 142
2014-15 87 969 105 2,308 45.3 29.6 30.4 119 137
2015-16 96 1,063 127 2,154 43.0 33.0 33.7 166 185
2016-17 138 1,237 158 2,382 46.6 34.2 35.1 122 126
2017-18 154 1,362 175 2,357 46.8 36.6 37.5 161 165
2018-19 157 1,451 175 2,420 47.3 37.5 38.3 66 67
2019-20 182 1,385 159 2,208 53.4 38.5 39.8 60 60
2020-21 139 1,282 140 2,844 49.8 31.1 32.3 37 38

Table D3 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution, half-way house, or other location deemed appropriate for managing their risk, unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Not included were offenders in the category Other Gender. Between 2011-12 and 2020-21, there were two decisions made in respect of an offender who identified as other gender, one granted/denied day parole decision and one granted/denied full parole decision.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions were excluded.

Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effect between 2011-12 and 2015-16 as a sufficiently large proportion of the APR-affected population was granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

Federal day and full parole grant rates by Indigenous and non-Indigenous: 10-year trend

Figure D4 Federal parole grant ratesFootnote *
Figure D4
Image description

Line graph showing federal day parole and full parole grant rates, over a 10 year period, by Indigenous versus non-Indigenous identity. In all cases, non-Indigenous people are granted parole at higher rates than Indigenous people. The difference is more pronounced for the granting of full parole, with a difference of about 10 percent, than for the granting of day parole, where the difference is about 5 percent. In all cases, rates increased slowly between fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2019 to 20, only to see a fall of around 5 percent in the rate of parole granting in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full data are available below.

Figure D4 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution, half-way house, or other location deemed appropriate for managing their risk, unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an accelerated parole review (APR) residual effect between 2011-12 and 2015-16 as a sufficiently large proportion of the APR-affected population was granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions were excluded.

Table D4 Federal parole grant ratesFootnote *
Type of Release Year Granted Denied Grant Rate (%) APR
Indigenous Non-Ind. Indigenous Non-Ind. Indigenous Non-Ind. Total Directed Total
Day Parole 2011-12 476 2,264 357 1,150 57.1 66.3 64.5 - -
2012-13 566 2,544 326 1,162 63.5 68.6 67.6 14 21
2013-14 531 2,541 310 1,016 63.1 71.4 69.8 39 47
2014-15 573 2,748 269 1,064 68.1 72.1 71.4 38 45
2015-16 615 2,769 270 860 69.5 76.3 75.0 86 90
2016-17 712 3,132 263 826 73.0 79.1 77.9 80 83
2017-18 822 3,227 292 777 73.8 80.6 79.1 100 106
2018-19 938 3,268 290 793 76.4 80.5 79.5 56 58
2019-20 903 3,122 286 721 75.9 81.2 80.0 48 48
2020-21 863 2,899 419 1,093 67.3 72.6 71.3 25 25
Full Parole 2011-12 76 645 479 1,964 13.7 24.7 22.8 - -
2012-13 102 902 475 1,995 17.7 31.1 28.9 26 26
2013-14 125 863 429 1,876 22.6 31.5 30.0 126 142
2014-15 109 947 455 1,958 19.3 32.6 30.4 119 137
2015-16 137 1,022 442 1,839 23.7 35.7 33.7 166 185
2016-17 155 1,220 470 2,071 24.8 37.1 35.1 122 126
2017-18 170 1,346 577 1,955 22.8 40.8 37.5 161 165
2018-19 234 1,374 611 1,984 27.7 40.9 38.3 66 67
2019-20 231 1,336 569 1,798 28.9 42.6 39.8 60 60
2020-21 225 1,196 740 2,244 23.3 34.8 32.3 37 38

Table D4 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution, half-way house, or other location deemed appropriate for managing their risk, unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an accelerated parole review (APR) residual effect between 2011-12 and 2015-16 as a sufficiently large proportion of the APR-affected population was granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

Number of federal Elder-assisted parole hearings: 10-year trend

Figure D5 Federal Elder-Assisted parole hearings
Figure D5
Image description

Line graph showing the number of federal Elder-assisted parole hearings, over a 10 year period, for the hearings with Indigenous offenders versus the hearings with non-Indigenous offenders. There are Elder assisted parole hearings for non-Indigenous offenders in about 40 hearings a year, until fiscal year 2020 to 21 when there were no hearings where an Elder assisted on a parole hearing for a non-Indigenous person. As one might expect, Elders assisted in the parole hearings of Indigenous offenders at a much higher frequency. In fiscal year 2011 to 12 Elders assisted Indigenous offenders in approximately 400 hearings, which declined to under 375 hearings until fiscal year 2016 to 17 when the number of hearings at which Elders assisted increased to over 65 hearings a year in fiscal year 2019 to 20, only to fall to close to only 100 hearings in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full data are available below.

Figure D5 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The term Elder also refers to a Cultural Advisor as defined in section 11.1.1.5 of the Decision-Making Policy Manual.

The presence of an Elder is an alternative approach to the traditional parole hearing, and was introduced by the Parole Board of Canada to ensure that conditional release hearings are sensitive to Indigenous cultural values and traditions. This type of hearing is available to both Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders.

Table D5 Federal Elder-Assisted parole hearings
Year Indigenous Offenders Non-Indigenous Offenders All Offenders
Total Hearings With an Elder Total Hearings With an Elder Total Hearings With an Elder
  # # % # # % # # %
2011-12 1,285 431 33.5 4,594 37 0.8 5,879 468 8.0
2012-13 1,322 423 32.0 4,622 46 1.0 5,944 469 7.9
2013-14 940 347 36.9 3,647 29 0.8 4,587 376 8.2
2014-15 893 360 40.3 3,807 42 1.1 4,700 402 8.6
2015-16 968 371 38.3 3,942 30 0.8 4,910 401 8.2
2016-17 1,298 552 42.5 4,482 51 1.1 5,780 603 10.4
2017-18 1,552 633 40.8 4,833 41 0.8 6,385 674 10.6
2018-19 1,627 677 41.6 4,933 42 0.9 6,560 719 11.0
2019-20 1,594 701 44.0 4,538 39 0.9 6,132 740 12.1
2020-21 1,723 73 4.2 4,405 2 <0.1 6,128 75 1.2

Table D5 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The term Elder also refers to a Cultural Advisor as defined in section 11.1.1.5 of the Decision-Making Policy Manual.

The presence of an Elder is an alternative approach to the traditional parole hearing, and was introduced by the Parole Board of Canada to ensure that conditional release hearings are sensitive to Indigenous cultural values and traditions. This type of hearing is available to both Indigenous and non-Indigenous offenders.

Proportion of sentence served prior to being released on parole: 10-year trend

Figure D6 Proportion of sentence served in custody before first federal parole
Figure D6
Image description

Line graph showing the proportion of an offender's sentence that has been served in custody before their first federal parole, over a 10 year period, for first full parole and for first day parole. The image includes a dotted line between 30 and 35 percent to indicate when full parole eligibility begins. Full parole was granted after just over 40 percent of a sentence was served in fiscal year 2011 to 12, increasing quickly to over 45 percent in 2012 to 13, declining very slightly over time until in fiscal year 2020 to 21 to reach about 45 percent of a sentence being completed before a first full parole. In contrast, a smaller percentage of a sentence is served before being granted a first day parole, where about 36 percent of a sentence is served before being granted first day parole, over the same ten year period. Full data are available below.

Figure D6 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution, half-way house, or other location deemed appropriate for managing their risk, unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole. These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences. Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at six months before full parole eligibility. The increases in the average proportion of time served after 2010-11 are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Table D6 Proportion of sentence served in custody before first federal parole
Year First Federal Day Parole First Federal Full Parole
Females Males Total Females Males Total
2011-12 34.2 36.8 36.5 39.9 40.8 40.7
2012-13 37.8 37.0 37.1 44.9 46.0 45.9
2013-14 33.9 37.2 36.9 43.3 45.9 45.7
2014-15 34.3 36.8 36.5 43.8 45.0 44.9
2015-16 36.1 37.7 37.5 44.6 46.0 45.8
2016-17 32.5 36.5 36.0 42.9 45.3 45.0
2017-18 32.1 36.1 35.6 41.4 44.4 44.0
2018-19 31.7 37.0 36.4 41.1 44.7 44.3
2019-20 30.2 37.1 36.3 41.2 44.9 44.4
2020-21 33.4 37.2 36.8 42.2 45.7 45.3

Table D6 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution, half-way house, or other location deemed appropriate for managing their risk, unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole. These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences. Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at six months before full parole eligibility. The increases in the average proportion of time served after 2010-11 are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Proportion of sentence served prior to being released on parole by Indigenous and non-Indigenous: 10-year trend

Figure D7 Proportion of sentence served in custody before first federal parole
Figure D7
Image description

Two line graphs showing the proportion of offenders' sentences that are served in custody before their first federal parole, over a 10 year period, by Indigenous and non-Indigenous identity groups, and by day or full parole. In each chart, a line around 34 percent depicts the proportion of a sentence that must be served prior to being eligible for full parole. In both instances, Indigenous offenders serve more of their sentence than non-Indigenous offenders before being paroled. The difference is between one and three percent. Rates have been relatively steady for the entire 10 year period, with Indigenous offenders being granted their first federal full parole after serving just over 45 percent of their sentences and non-Indigenous offenders serving just under 45 percent of their sentences before being granted their first federal full parole. The situation is similar for the amount of a sentence that is served prior to being granted a first federal day parole, between fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2020 to 21, but here Indigenous offenders serve about 43 percent of their sentences before being granted their first federal day parole whereas non-Indigenous offenders are granted their first federal day parole after they have served just over 35 percent of their sentences. Full data are available below.

Figure D7 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution, half-way house, or other location deemed appropriate for managing their risk, unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole. These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences. Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at six months before full parole eligibility. The increases in the average proportion of time served after 2010-11 are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Table D7 Proportion of sentence served in custody before first federal parole
Year First Federal Day Parole First Federal Full Parole
Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total
2011-12 40.0 35.9 36.5 42.8 40.5 40.7
2012-13 40.6 36.3 37.1 48.0 45.7 45.9
2013-14 41.4 36.1 36.9 48.0 45.4 45.7
2014-15 39.2 36.1 36.5 46.2 44.8 44.9
2015-16 42.1 36.7 37.5 49.7 45.4 45.8
2016-17 39.2 35.4 36.0 47.9 44.7 45.0
2017-18 39.4 34.7 35.6 47.7 43.6 44.0
2018-19 40.8 35.3 36.4 47.1 43.9 44.3
2019-20 39.6 35.5 36.3 47.0 44.0 44.4
2020-21 41.0 35.7 36.8 48.2 44.9 45.3

Table D7 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution, half-way house, or other location deemed appropriate for managing their risk, unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole. These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences. Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at six months before full parole eligibility. The increases in the average proportion of time served after 2010-11 are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for Schedule II and non-Schedule offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Outcome of federal day parole supervision periods

Figure D8 Day parole outcomes – 10-year trend
Figure D8
Image description

Line graph showing the outcome of federal day parole supervision periods from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2020 to 21. Revocation with offence was the least common outcome, but with the most consistency, with less than 1.5 percent each year. The percentage of revocation for breach of conditions decreased from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2016 to 17 where it was 7.1 percent. It then rose until its peak in fiscal year 2019 to 20, before dropping in fiscal year 2020 to 21 to 6.9 percent. Successful completion of federal parole rose steadily until fiscal year 2016 to 17 at 91.7 percent, then began to decrease until fiscal year 2019 to 20 at 90.2 percent, before rising to 92.6 percent for fiscal year 2020 to 21. Data are available below.

Figure D8 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Revocation for breach of conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

Table D8 Day parole outcomes
Federal Day Parole Outcomes 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
# % # % # % # % # %
Successful CompletionFootnote *
Regular
3,176 91.6 3,467 90.9 3,627 90.2 3,714 90.1 3,505 92.5
Accelerated
86 97.7 84 93.3 75 98.7 57 91.9 44 100
Total
3,262 91.7 3,551 90.9 3,702 90.4 3,771 90.2 3,549 92.6
Revocation for Breach of Conditions
Regular
249 7.2 287 7.5 329 8.2 354 8.6 266 7.0
Accelerated
2 2.3 6 6.7 1 1.3 4 6.5 0 0.0
Total
251 7.1 293 7.5 330 8.1 358 8.6 266 6.9
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence
Regular
37 1.1 55 1.4 55 1.4 45 1.1 14 0.4
Accelerated
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 1.6 0 0.0
Total
37 1.0 55 1.4 55 1.3 46 1.1 14 0.4
Revocation with Violent Offence
Regular
7 0.2 7 0.2 8 0.2 8 0.2 4 0.1
Accelerated
0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
Total
7 0.2 7 0.2 8 0.2 8 0.2 4 0.1
Total Regular 3,469 97.5 3,816 97.7 4,019 98.1 4,121 98.5 3,789 98.9
Total Accelerated 88 2.5 90 2.3 76 1.9 62 1.5 44 1.1
Total (Regular and Accelerated) 3,557 100 3,906 100 4,095 100 4,183 100 3,833 100

Table D8 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Revocation for breach of conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

Outcome of federal full parole supervision periods

Figure D9 Full parole outcomesFootnote * – 10-year trend
Figure D9
Image description

Line graph showing the outcome of federal full parole supervision periods from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2020 to 21. Percentages of revocation with offence was the lowest percentage and most consistent trend generally decreasing from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until a slight increase in fiscal year 2019 to 20, prior to dropping further in fiscal year 2020 to 21, with each year at less than 5 percent. The percentage of revocation for breach of conditions decreased until fiscal year 2017 to 18 where it hit a low of 6.7 percent, prior to increasing in fiscal year 2018 to 19 to 9.4 percent, decreasing again to 8.8 in fiscal year 2019 to 20, then increasing once again in fiscal year 2020 to 21 to 9.6 percent. Finally, the successful completion of parole increased to its peak in fiscal year 2017 to 18 at 90.4 percent, prior to dropping briefly in fiscal year 2018 to 19 to 87.7 percent before rising to 88.2 percent in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Data are available below.

Figure D9 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Revocation for breach of conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

Table D9 Full parole outcomesFootnote *
Federal Full Parole Outcomes 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
# % # % # % # % # %
Successful CompletionFootnote **
Regular
848 89.7 968 90.6 1,064 87.0 1,173 87.8 1,172 87.8
Accelerated
87 87.9 102 88.7 114 95.8 104 91.2 97 94.2
Total
935 89.6 1,070 90.4 1,178 87.8 1,277 88.1 1,269 88.2
Revocation for Breach of Conditions
Regular
64 6.8 71 6.6 122 10.0 121 9.1 133 10.0
Accelerated
9 9.1 8 7.0 4 3.4 7 6.1 5 4.9
Total
73 7.0 79 6.7 126 9.4 128 8.8 138 9.6
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence
Regular
28 3.0 24 2.2 27 2.2 35 2.6 28 2.1
Accelerated
2 2.0 5 4.3 1 0.8 1 0.9 0 0.0
Total
30 2.9 29 2.4 28 2.1 36 2.5 28 1.9
Revocation with Violent Offence
Regular
5 0.5 6 0.6 10 0.8 7 0.5 2 0.1
Accelerated
1 1.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 1.8 1 1.0
Total
6 0.6 6 0.5 10 0.7 9 0.6 3 0.2
Total Regular 945 90.5 1,069 90.3 1,223 91.1 1,336 92.1 1,335 92.8
Total Accelerated 99 9.5 115 9.7 119 8.9 114 7.9 103 7.2
Total (Regular and Accelerated) 1,044 100 1,184 100 1,342 100 1,450 100 1,438 100

Table D9 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Revocation for breach of conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

Offenders released from federal institutions including Healing Lodges on statutory release: 10-year trend

Figure D10 PercentageFootnote * of offenders released on statutory release
Figure D10
Image description

Line graph showing the percentage of offenders released from federal institutions including Healing Lodges on statutory release from fiscal year 2011 to 12 to fiscal year 2020 to 21. Rates rise from 73.2 percent in fiscal year 2011 to 12 until 74.2 percent in fiscal year 2012 to 13, then decreases steadily to 59.1 percent in fiscal year 2018 to 19, prior to increasing to 63.1 percent in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full data are available below.

Figure D10 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

The data includes all releases from a federal institution or Healing Lodge in a given fiscal year excluding offenders with quashed sentences, offenders who died in custody, long-term supervision order (LTSO) releases, offenders released at warrant expiry and offenders transferred to foreign countries. An offender may be released more than once during the reporting timeframe in cases where a previous release was subject to revocation, suspension, temporary detention, interruption or in cases where an offender served more than one sentence.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Figure D10 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure D1 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table D10 Offenders released on statutory release
Year Indigenous Non-Indigenous Total Offender Population
Statutory Release Total Releases %Footnote * Statutory Release Total Releases %Footnote * Statutory Release Total Releases %Footnote *
2011-12 1,489 1,792 83.1 3,812 5,448 70.0 5,301 7,240 73.2
2012-13 1,628 1,954 83.3 3,960 5,579 71.0 5,588 7,533 74.2
2013-14 1,731 2,037 85.0 3,905 5,644 69.2 5,636 7,681 73.4
2014-15 1,745 2,066 84.5 3,627 5,466 66.4 5,372 7,532 71.3
2015-16 1,682 2,038 82.5 3,626 5,578 65.0 5,308 7,616 69.7
2016-17 1,592 2,039 78.1 3,291 5,538 59.4 4,883 7,577 64.4
2017-18 1,540 2,065 74.6 2,880 5,186 55.5 4,420 7,251 61.0
2018-19 1,429 2,014 71.0 2,744 5,049 54.3 4,173 7,063 59.1
2019-20 1,626 2,167 75.0 2,731 4,897 55.8 4,357 7,064 61.7
2020-21 1,574 2,076 75.8 2,551 4,465 57.1 4,125 6,541 63.1

Table D10 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

The data includes all releases from a federal institution or Healing Lodge in a given fiscal year excluding offenders with quashed sentences, offenders who died in custody, long-term supervision order (LTSO) releases, offenders released at warrant expiry and offenders transferred to foreign countries. An offender may be released more than once during the reporting timeframe in cases where a previous release was subject to revocation, suspension, temporary detention, interruption or in cases where an offender served more than one sentence.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table D10 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table D1 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Outcome of federal statutory release supervision periods

Figure D11 Statutory release outcomes – 10-year trend
Figure D11
Image description

Line graph showing the outcomes of federal statutory release supervision periods from fiscal year 2011 to 12 until fiscal year 2020 to 21. Percentages of revocation with offense were the lowest, decreasing until fiscal year 2016 to 17 at 8.4 percent, prior to rising to its peak in fiscal year 2018 to 19 at 10.8 percent, then decreasing until reaching its lowest point in fiscal year 2020 to 21 at 5 percent. Percentages of revocation for breach of conditions rise slightly in fiscal year 2012 to 13 until fiscal year 2015 to 16 prior to dropping to its lowest point in fiscal year 2017 to 18 at 24 percent before rising to its peak in fiscal year 2020 to 21 at 27.1 percent. Lastly, the successful completion of parole rose overall until fiscal year 2016 to 17 at 66.7 percent, then decreased until fiscal year 2018 to 19 at 64.9 percent, until rising to 67.5 percent in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Data are available below.

Figure D11 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Revocation for breach of conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

An offender serving a determinate sentence, if he/she is not detained, will be subject to statutory release after serving 2/3 of his/her sentence if he/she is not on full parole at that time. On statutory release, an offender is subject to supervision until the end of his/her sentence.

Figure D11 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure D10 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table D11 Statutory releaseFootnote * outcomes
Statutory Release Outcomes 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
# % # % # % # % # %
Successful CompletionFootnote ** 3,773 66.7 3,558 66.0 3,293 64.9 3,400 65.5 3,328 67.5
Revocation for Breach of Conditions 1,405 24.8 1,291 24.0 1,232 24.3 1,316 25.3 1,335 27.1
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence 397 7.0 462 8.6 458 9.0 395 7.6 229 4.6
Revocation with Violent Offence 82 1.4 76 1.4 90 1.8 81 1.6 39 0.4
Total 5,657 100 5,387 100 5,073 100 5,192 100 4,931 100

Table D11 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Revocation for breach of conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

An offender serving a determinate sentence, if he/she is not detained, will be subject to statutory release after serving 2/3 of his/her sentence if he/she is not on full parole at that time. On statutory release, an offender is subject to supervision until the end of his/her sentence.

Table D11 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table D10 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Rates of violent offence convictions for offenders on federal conditional release: 10-year trend

Figure D12 Rates of violent offence convictions per 1,000 supervised offenders
Figure D12
Image description

Line graph showing the rates of violent offence convictions for offenders on federal conditional release per 1,000 supervised offenders from fiscal year 2010 to 11 until fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full parole decreased from 4 in fiscal year 2010 to 11 to 1 in fiscal year 2014 to 15, before increasing to 3 in fiscal year 2018 to 19, then decreasing back to 1 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Day parole followed a similar trend, decreasing from 7 in fiscal year 2010 to 11 to 6 in fiscal year 2011 to 12, then rising to its peak of 7 again in fiscal year 2012 to 13 before dropping to 1 in fiscal year 2014 to 15. The rates then increased to 6 in fiscal year 2015 to 16, dropped to 4 in fiscal year 2016 to 17, remaining there until fiscal year 2019 to 20 where it rose to 5, then dropped to 3 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Statutory release decreased from 36 in fiscal year 2010 to 11 to 24 in fiscal year 2014 to 15, before briefly rising to 26 in fiscal year 2015 to 16. Rates then dropped to 23 for fiscal year 2016 to 17 until fiscal year 2017 to 18 before rising to 28 in fiscal year 2018 to 19 then dropping to 13 in fiscal year 2020 to 21. Full data are available below.

Figure D12 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

Supervised offenders include offenders who are on parole and statutory release, those temporarily detained in federal institutions, and those who are deported or extradited.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

Day and full parole include those offenders serving determinate and indeterminate sentences.

The dotted line between 2019-20 and 2020-21 is intended to signify that due to delays in the court process, these numbers under-represent the actual number of convictions, as verdicts may not have been reached by year-end.

Figure D12 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure D11 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table D12 Rates of violent offence convictions per 1,000 supervised offenders
Year # of Convictions for Violent Offences Rates per 1,000 Supervised Offenders
Day Parole Full Parole Statutory Release Total Day Parole Full Parole Statutory Release
2010-11 8 17 114 139 7 4 36
2011-12 7 10 120 137 6 3 35
2012-13 9 10 119 138 7 3 34
2013-14 4 8 106 118 3 2 30
2014-15 1 4 86 91 1 1 24
2015-16 9 7 93 109 6 2 26
2016-17 7 8 82 97 4 2 23
2017-18 7 8 76 91 4 2 23
2018-19 8 15 90 113 4 3 28
2019-20 8 9 81 98 5 2 25
2020-21 4 4 39 47 3 1 13

Table D12 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

Supervised offenders include offenders who are on parole and statutory release, those temporarily detained in federal institutions, and those who are deported or extradited.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

Day and full parole include those offenders serving determinate and indeterminate sentences.

Table D12 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table D11 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Section E: Special Applications of Criminal Justice

Number of initial detention reviews: 10-year trend

Figure E1 Number of initial detention reviews
Figure E1
Image description

Line graph describing the number of initial detention reviews over a ten year period. Starting in fiscal year 2011-2012 initial detention reviews resulted in just over 200 referred people being detained, declining year-over-year until fiscal year 2019-2020 when less than 100 people were detained, rising again until 2020-2021 when over 100 people were detained. In comparison, the number of people who are not detained after an initial detention review is relatively stable over the same time period, ranging between roughly 10 and 1. Full data are available below.

Figure E1 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

According to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, an offender entitled to statutory release after serving two-thirds of the sentence may be held in custody until warrant expiry if it is established that the offender is likely to commit, before the expiry of his/her sentence, an offence causing death or serious harm, a serious drug offence or a sex offence involving a child.

Table E1 Number of initial detention reviews
Year Detained Statutory Release Total Total
Ind. Non-Ind. Total % Ind. Non-Ind. Total % Ind. Non-Ind.
2011-12 89 118 207 96.7 3 4 7 3.3 92 122 214
2012-13 93 139 232 98.3 4 0 4 1.7 97 139 236
2013-14 88 112 200 96.2 4 4 8 3.8 92 116 208
2014-15 69 95 164 94.3 5 5 10 5.7 74 100 174
2015-16 75 92 167 96.5 2 4 6 3.5 77 96 173
2016-17 55 76 131 97.0 2 2 4 3.0 57 78 135
2017-18 51 59 110 92.4 5 4 9 7.6 56 63 119
2018-19 38 39 77 90.6 5 3 8 9.4 43 42 85
2019-20 49 56 105 93.8 4 3 7 6.3 53 59 112
2020-21 57 56 113 95.0 2 4 6 5.0 59 60 119
Total 664 842 1,506 95.6 36 33 69 4.4 700 875 1,575

Table E1 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

According to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, an offender entitled to statutory release after serving two-thirds of the sentence may be held in custody until warrant expiry if it is established that the offender is likely to commit, before the expiry of his/her sentence, an offence causing death or serious harm, a serious drug offence or a sex offence involving a child.

Annual judicial review hearings

Figure E2 Judicial review hearings at the end of the fiscal year (2020-21)
Figure E2
Image description

Bar chart itemizing the outcomes of annual judicial review hearings for the fiscal year 2020-2021. The total number of offenders with cases applicable for judicial review was 1,743. The total number of offenders eligible at this time or in the future for a judicial review hearing was 560. the total number of court decisions was 243. There were 184 decisions of earlier eligibility and 172 people were released on parole. Full data are available below.

Figure E2 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Judicial review is an application to the court for a reduction in the time required to be served before being eligible for parole. Judicial review procedures apply to offenders who have been sentenced to imprisonment for life without eligibility for parole until more than fifteen years of their sentence has been served. Offenders can apply when they have served at least 15 years of their sentence. Judicial reviews are conducted in the province where the conviction took place.

Table E2 Judicial review hearings at the end of the fiscal year (2020-21)
Province/Territory of Judicial Review Parole Ineligibility Reduced by Court Reduction Denied by Court Total
1st Degree Murder 2nd Degree Murder 1st Degree Murder 2nd Degree Murder 1st Degree Murder 2nd Degree Murder
Northwest Territories 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yukon Territories 0 0 0 0 0 0
Newfoundland & Labrador 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prince Edward Island 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nova Scotia 1 1 1 0 2 1
New Brunswick 1 0 0 0 1 0
Quebec 77 16 6 2 83 18
Ontario 23 0 29 1 52 1
Manitoba 7 4 1 0 8 4
Saskatchewan 7 0 3 0 10 0
Alberta 19 0 8 1 27 1
British Columbia 27 1 7 0 34 1
Sub-total 162 22 55 4 217 26
Total 184 59 243

Table E2 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Judicial review is an application to the court for a reduction in the time required to be served before being eligible for parole. Judicial review procedures apply to offenders who have been sentenced to imprisonment for life without eligibility for parole until more than fifteen years of their sentence has been served. Offenders can apply when they have served at least 15 years of their sentence. Judicial reviews are conducted in the province where the conviction took place.

Number of Dangerous Offender designations

Figure E3 Number of Dangerous Offenders designated
Figure E3
Image description

Line graph depicting the number of persons designated as Dangerous Offenders each fiscal year in Canada. The number of dangerous offender designations increased slowly and unevenly from less than 10 designations a year in 1978-1979 to approximately 20 a year in the mid-1990s, after this period the number of designations remained relatively stable until numbers start to increase more rapidly from 2005-2006 until a peak of approximately 60 designations a year in 2018-2019, with the number of designations falling very quickly to just over 30 in fiscal year 2020-2021. Full data by province, distinguishing between indeterminate and determinate offenders, is provided below.

Figure E3 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Determinate sentence for Dangerous Offenders (DOs) must be a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of two years — and have an order that the offender be subject to long-term supervision for a period that does not exceed 10 years.

The number of DOs designated per year does not include overturned decisions.

Offenders who have died since receiving designations are no longer classified as active; however, they are still represented in the above graph, which depicts the total number of offenders ‘designated’.

The percentage of DOs who had at least one current conviction for a sexual offence is not available.

Dangerous Offender legislation came into effect in Canada on October 15, 1977, replacing the Habitual Offender and Dangerous Sexual Offender provisions that were abolished. A DO is an individual given an indeterminate or a determinate sentence on the basis of a particularly violent crime or pattern of serious violent offences where it is judged that the offender’s behaviour is unlikely to be inhibited by normal standards of behavioural restraint (see section 753 of the Criminal Code of Canada).

In addition to the DOs, there were 10 Dangerous Sexual Offenders and 2 offenders with an Habitual Offender designation under the responsibility of Correctional Service Canada at the end of fiscal 2020-2021.

Table E3 Number of Dangerous Offenders designated (2020-21)
Province/Territory of Designation All Designations (Designated Since 1978) Active Dangerous Offenders
# of Indeterminate Offenders # of Determinate Offenders Total
Newfoundland & Labrador 14 8 2 10
Nova Scotia 27 17 3 20
Prince Edward Island 0 0 0 0
New Brunswick 8 4 0 4
Quebec 137 92 27 119
Ontario 455 285 99 384
Manitoba 32 26 4 30
Saskatchewan 107 60 35 95
Alberta 76 54 9 63
British Columbia 171 116 21 137
Yukon Territories 6 1 3 4
Northwest Territories 11 10 1 11
Nunavut 3 1 2 3
Total 1,047 674 206 880

Table E3 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Determinate sentence for Dangerous Offenders (DOs) must be a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of two years — and have an order that the offender be subject to long-term supervision for a period that does not exceed 10 years.

The number of DOs designated per year does not include overturned decisions.

Offenders who have died since receiving designations are no longer classified as active; however, they are still represented in the above graph, which depicts the total number of offenders ‘designated’.

The percentage of DOs who had at least one current conviction for a sexual offence is not available.

Dangerous Offender legislation came into effect in Canada on October 15, 1977, replacing the Habitual Offender and Dangerous Sexual Offender provisions that were abolished. A DO is an individual given an indeterminate or a determinate sentence on the basis of a particularly violent crime or pattern of serious violent offences where it is judged that the offender’s behaviour is unlikely to be inhibited by normal standards of behavioural restraint (see section 753 of the Criminal Code of Canada).

In addition to the DOs, there were 10 Dangerous Sexual Offenders and 2 offenders with an Habitual Offender designation under the responsibility of Correctional Service Canada at the end of fiscal 2020-2021.

Number of long-term supervision orders imposed

Figure E4 Number of long-term supervision orders imposed (2020-21)
Figure E4
Image description

Bar graph of the number of long-term supervision orders that were imposed during the fiscal year 2020-2021, by length of supervision order imposed. There was one long-term supervision order of one year, three of two years, and then we see a small jump to 13 long-term supervision order of three years, and 15 supervision orders of four years. Supervision orders that were between 5 years and 8 years were similar and ranged from 58 to 152. There were 152 long-term supervision orders of five years, 58 orders of 6 years, 98 of 7 years, and 76 orders of 8 years. By far, the largest number of long-term supervision orders were for a 10 year period, of which there were 1,043. Full data are available below.

Figure E4 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Long-Term Supervision Order (LTSO) legislation, which came into effect in Canada on August 1, 1997, allows the court to impose a sentence of two years or more for the predicate offence and order that the offender be supervised in the community for a further period not exceeding 10 years.

One hundred nine offenders under these provisions have died, and 330 offenders have completed their long term supervision period.

The percentage of long term supervision orders who had at least one current conviction for a sexual offence is not available.

Remand is the temporary detention of a person while awaiting trial, sentencing or the commencement of a custodial disposition.

Table E4 Number of long-term supervision orders imposed (2020-21)
Province or Territory of Order Length of Supervision Order (Years) Current Status 2020-21
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Incarcerated DP, FP or SR LTSO period LTSO interrupted Total
Sentencing Province
Newfoundland & Labrador 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 12 13 1 2 7 0 10
Nova Scotia 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 3 0 16 24 1 0 9 1 11
Prince Edward Island 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0
New Brunswick 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 8 12 2 0 3 2 7
Quebec 1 2 9 5 83 22 48 20 2 318 510 123 27 160 41 351
Ontario 0 0 1 7 21 16 23 29 0 330 427 68 15 159 37 279
Manitoba 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 2 0 39 47 7 0 9 5 21
Saskatchewan 0 1 1 1 11 10 13 11 2 83 133 27 9 38 24 98
Alberta 0 0 1 0 9 1 1 1 0 76 89 14 3 25 7 49
British Columbia 0 0 0 2 14 4 6 7 0 133 166 29 4 56 6 95
Yukon Territories 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 1 18 24 4 0 15 0 19
Northwest Territories 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 4 7 2 0 1 1 4
Nunavut 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 5 10 1 0 6 0 7
Total 1 3 13 15 152 58 98 76 5 1,043 1,464 279 60 488 124 951

Table E4 Notes

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Long-Term Supervision Order (LTSO) legislation, which came into effect in Canada on August 1, 1997, allows the court to impose a sentence of two years or more for the predicate offence and order that the offender be supervised in the community for a further period not exceeding 10 years.

One hundred nine offenders under these provisions have died, and 330 offenders have completed their long-term supervision period.

The percentage of long-term supervision orders who had at least one current conviction for a sexual offence is not available.

This category includes offenders whose current status is either supervised on day parole (DP), full parole (FP) or statutory release (SR).

This category includes offenders convicted of a new offence while on the supervision portion of an LTSO. When this occurs, the LTSO supervision period is interrupted until the offender has served the new sentence to its warrant expiry date. At that time, the LTSO supervision period resumes where it left off. From the 124, 101 offenders were in custody, 20 were supervised in the community (18 on statutory release, one on day parole and one a long-term supervision order), two offenders were unlawfully at large for less than 90 days and one offender was on remand.

Number of record suspension and pardon applications received: 5-year trend

Figure E5 Number of record suspension and pardon applications receivedFootnote *
Figure E5
Image description

Line graph of the number of record suspension and pardons applications received over a period between fiscal year 2016-2017 and 2020-2021. From a high in 2016-2017, when nearly 12,000 record suspension applications were received, to a low in 2020-2021 of around 2,000 applications being received. Data reporting on pardons applications received starts in fiscal year 2017-2018 with around 5,000 applications received, slightly increasing the next year, and falling slightly the year after that, to end with about 7,000 pardons applications being received in 2020-2021. The number of pardons applications received out-stripped the number of record suspension applications received in the fiscal year 2019-2020. Full data are available below.

Figure E5 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

On March 13, 2012, Bill C-10 amended the CRA by replacing the term pardon with the term record suspension. The Record Suspension and Clemency program involves the review of record suspension applications, the ordering of record suspensions and the making of clemency recommendations. The amendments to the CRA increased the waiting periods for a record suspension to five years for all summary convictions and to ten years for all indictable offences. Individuals convicted of sexual offences against minors (with certain exceptions) and those who have been convicted of more than three indictable offences, each with a sentence of two or more years, became ineligible for a record suspension.

Table E5 Number of record suspension and pardon applications receivedFootnote *
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Record Suspension Applications Processed
Received 11,563 9,460 7,364 7,019 1,830
Accepted 8,153 6,502Footnote ** 5,347 5,227 1,411
% Accepted 70.5 68.7 72.6 74.5 77.1
Record Suspensions
Ordered 8,340 7,037 6,028 5,287 1,404
Refused 438 142 225 209 104
Total Ordered/Refused 8,778 7,179 6,253 5,496 1,508
% Ordered 95.0 98.0 96.4 96.2 93.1
Pardon Applications Processed
Received NA 5,202 6,463 5,422 7,307
Accepted NA 4,366 5,184 4,360 6,032
% Accepted NA 83.9 80.2 80.4 82.6
Pardons
Granted 3,740 227 2,631 3,157 4,846
Issued NA 1,730 1,772 1,552 2,469
Denied 125 133 42 210 220
Total Granted/Issued/Denied 3,865Footnote *** 2,090Footnote **** 4,445Footnote **** 4,919Footnote **** 7,535Footnote *****
% Granted/Issued 96.8 93.6 99.1 95.7 97.1
Pardon/Record Suspension Revocations/Cessations
RevocationsFootnote ***** 501 85 59 410 316
Cessations 769 690 527 440 271
Total Revocations/Cessations 1,270 775 586 850 587
Cumulative # Granted/Issued and OrderedFootnote ****** 516,192 525,186 535,617 545,613 554,332
Cumulative # Revocations/CessationsFootnote ****** 25,908 26,683 27,269 28,119 28,706

Table E5 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

On March 13, 2012, Bill C-10 amended the CRA by replacing the term pardon with the term record suspension. The Record Suspension and Clemency program involves the review of record suspension applications, the ordering of record suspensions and the making of clemency recommendations. The amendments to the CRA increased the waiting periods for a record suspension to five years for all summary convictions and to ten years for all indictable offences. Individuals convicted of sexual offences against minors (with certain exceptions) and those who have been convicted of more than three indictable offences, each with a sentence of two or more years, became ineligible for a record suspension.

Section F: Federal Services to Registered Victims

Number of notifications to registered victims: 4-year trend

Figure F1 Number of notifications to registered victims
Figure F1
Image description

Line graph of the number of notifications that went to registered victims, over a four year period. In fiscal year 2017-2018 about 44,000 notifications went to registered victims, increasing in the next year to over 45,000, increasing further to over 50,000 notifications in fiscal year 2019-2020. The number of notifications to registered victims fell precipitously in fiscal year 2020-2021 when around 37,000 notifications were sent to registered victims. Full data are available below.

Figure F1 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

In order to register to receive information, a victim must meet the definition of a victim under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA). Victims of federal offenders must be at least 18 years-old or legally emancipated or demonstrate they can act for themselves. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

A notification contact is when the CSC Victim Services Unit sends information to victims. Examples include temporary absences, travel permits, and sentencing information of the offender.

Figure F1 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F12 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table F1 Number of notifications to registered victims
Year #
2017-18 44,331
2018-19 46,000
2019-20 51,339
2020-21 38,660

Table F1 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

In order to register to receive information, a victim must meet the definition of a victim under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA). Victims of federal offenders must be at least 18 years-old or legally emancipated or demonstrate they can act for themselves. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada.

Under the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA), a person can be a victim of a crime if: they are a spouse, conjugal partner, relative of, or person legally responsible for a victim who has died.

A notification contact is when the CSC Victim Services Unit sends information to victims. Examples include temporary absences, travel permits, and sentencing information of the offender.

Table F1 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F12 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Number of victim statements received for consideration in release decisions: 4-year trend

Figure F2 Number of victim statements received for consideration in release decisions
Figure F2
Image description

Line graph of the number of victim statements received for consideration in release decisions, over a four year period, staring in fiscal year 2017-2018. Over 1,600 victim statements were received in fiscal year 2017-2018, falling somewhat to under 1,500 in 2018-2019. However, the number of victims statements returns to the previous year's levels for the next two fiscal years where the number of victim statements received slightly decline from over 1,600 statements to around 1,600 victim statements being received in fiscal year 2020-2021. Full data are available below.

Figure F2 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

The number of statements received for consideration in release decisions reflects the number of statements received. This is different than the number of victim statements considered when release decisions are made.

Figure F2 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F13 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table F2 Number of victim statements received for consideration in release decisions
Year #
2017-18 1,614
2018-19 1,486
2019-20 1,640
2020-21 1,607

Table F2 Notes

Source: Data Warehouse, Correctional Service of Canada.

The number of statements received for consideration in release decisions reflects the number of statements received. This is different than the number of victim statements considered when release decisions are made.

Table F2 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F13 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Requests for financial assistance to attend parole hearings: 5-year trend

Figure F3 Number of requests for financial assistance to attend parole hearings
Figure F3
Image description

Line graph of the number of requests for financial assistance to attend parole hearings, over a five year period, for the number of applications made by victims and the number of applications made for the attendance of victim support persons, as well as the total number of applications overall. The trend in the number of total applications and applications for victims is shaped similarly because there are about three or four times more applications from victims as there are applications for support persons. Applications from victims falls from about 450 in fiscal year 2016-2017 to nearly 350 in 2018-2019. The number of requests from victims rose to over 400 in 2019-2020, with a very steep decline in requests in fiscal year 2020-2021 when the number of requests for financial assistance of this type was around 25. In comparison applications for support persons was relatively stable, at just over 100, for the fiscal years 2016-2017 until fiscal year 2019-2020, until falling off to zero applications in the fiscal year 2020-2021. Full data are available below.

Figure F3 Notes

Source: Justice Canada.

Victims can apply for financial assistance for a support person to accompany them to a parole hearing.

Figure F3 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F14 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table F3 Number of requests for financial assistance to attend parole hearings
2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21
Number of applications for financial assistance received from victims 447 397 361 456 29
Number of applications for financial assistance received from support persons 130 142 129 157 2
Total number of applications 577 539 490 613 31

Table F3 Notes

Source: Justice Canada.

Victims can apply for financial assistance for a support person to accompany them to a parole hearing.

Table F3 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F14 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Number of Parole Board of Canada contacts with victims: 10-year trend

Figure F4 Total number of PBC contacts with victims
Figure F4
Image description

Line graph of the number of victims that are formally contacted by the Parole Board of Canada, over a 10 year period. Between fiscal year 2010-2011 and 2013-2014 the number of contacts was relatively stable at around 22,500 contacts with victims a year. The number of contacts rose from this level to crest at around 32,000 contacts with victims occurring each year between 2015-2016 and 2018-2019. In 2019-2020 the number of contacts declined slightly to closer to 30,000 contacts with victims a year. Full data are available below.

Figure F4 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

A victim contact refers to each time the Parole Board of Canada has contact with a victim by mail, fax, or by telephone.

Figure F4 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F15 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table F4 Total number of PBC contacts with victims
YearFootnote * Total Number of Contacts
2010-11 22,483
2011-12 21,449
2012-13 22,475
2013-14 22,323
2014-15 27,191
2015-16 29,771
2016-17 32,786
2017-18 33,370
2018-19 33,408
2019-20 31,587

Table F4 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

A victim contact refers to each time the Parole Board of Canada has contact with a victim by mail, fax, or by telephone.

Table F4 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F15 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Victim presentations at PBC Hearings: 10-year trend

Figure F5 Number of victim presentations and number of hearings with victim presentations
Figure F5
Image description

Line graph depicting the number of victim presentations and the number of hearings with victim presentations, over a ten year period. The two graphed lines follow roughly the same trend, at different frequencies. There are more victim presentations than there are hearings with victim presentations, as can be expected. There is a slight increase, from about 225 victim presentations in fiscal year 2011-2012 to a bit more than 250 in 2013-2014. After there is a drop to two years where the number of presentations was under 250 per year. The number of presentations greatly increased to around 325 presentations in 2016-2017. The number of presentations remained around 300 until the last year of available data, in 2020-2021. Hearings with victims presentations saw a gradual increase from just under 150 hearings a year in 2011-2012 to closer to 200 hearings a year in 2019-2020. Full data are available below.

Figure F5 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Figure F5 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F16 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Table F5 Number of victim presentations and number of hearings with victim presentations
Year Number of Hearings with Presentations Number of Presentations
2011-12 140 223
2012-13 140 254
2013-14 142 264
2014-15 128 231
2015-16 171 244
2016-17 149 244
2017-18 181 328
2018-19 167 288
2019-20 205 319
2020-21 176 291

Table F5 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Table F5 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F16 in the 2020 CCRSO.

Number of requests made by victims to access the PBC decision registry: 10-year trend

Figure F6 Total number of requests to access the decision registry vs. number of requests made by victims to access the decision registryFootnote *
Figure F6
Image description

Line graph of the number of requests to access the decision registry and the number of requests made by victims to access the decision registry, for a 10 year period. The shape of the lines for total requests and for requests made by victims are very similar. The first year saw a small drop of total requests to just over 5,000 requests in fiscal year 2010-2011, after which there was an increase year-over-year until fiscal year 2015-2016 when there were more than 7,000 requests. The number of requests declined drastically in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 to around 4,100 requests a year. From this point, the number of requests rose again to at least 6,500 requests in 2019-2020. Requests made by victims went from under 3,000 requests in 2010-2011 to a maximum of over 4,000 requests in 2015-2016, declining to a low of around 2,000 requests in 2016-2017, rising again to over 3,000 requests a year being made by victims in fiscal year 2019-2020. Full data are available below.

Figure F6 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA) requires the Parole Board of Canada (PBC) to maintain a decision registry that includes the decisions made and the reasons for those decisions. The purpose of the decision registry is to contribute to public understanding of conditional release decision making and to promote openness and accountability. Anyone may request a copy of these decisions.

Victims also include victims' agents and victims' organizations.

Figure F6 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Figure F17 in the 2020 CCRSO. However, in the 2020 CCRSO, data on the number of requests are no longer reported and will be replaced by data on the number of decisions sent.

Table F6 Total number of requests to access the decision registry vs. number of requests made by victims to access the decision registryFootnote *
Year Requests made by victims Total number of requests
# %
2010-11 2,914 52.5 5,550
2011-12 2,970 56.5 5,252
2012-13 3,214 55.0 5,848
2013-14 3,474 55.1 6,309
2014-15 3,608 54.3 6,640
2015-16 4,436 61.0 7,276
2016-17 2,169 48.2 4,502
2017-18 2,227 49.9 4,467
2018-19 2,601 52.4 4,967
2019-20 3,649 54.4 6,713

Table F6 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA) requires the Parole Board of Canada (PBC) to maintain a decision registry that includes the decisions made and the reasons for those decisions. The purpose of the decision registry is to contribute to public understanding of conditional release decision making and to promote openness and accountability. Anyone may request a copy of these decisions.

Victims also include victims' agents and victims' organizations.

Table F6 in the 2021 CCRSO corresponds to Table F17 in the 2020 CCRSO. However, In the 2020 CCRSO, data on the number of requests are no longer reported and will be replaced by data on the number of decisions sent.

Number of decisions sent from PBC decision registry

Figure F7 Total number of decisions sent from the registry vs. number of decisions sent to victims from the registryFootnote *
Figure F7
Image description

Line graph describing the total number of decisions sent from the Parole Board of Canada decision registry and the number of decisions sent to victims, over a two year period. The number of decisions increase in both categories from fiscal year 2019-2020 to 2020-2021. Decisions sent to victims rose from under 3,000 a year to over 3,000 a year, while the total number of decisions sent from the Parole Board of Canada decision register went from around 6,000 to over 7,000 during the same period. Full data are available below.

Figure F7 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The Corrections and Conditional Release Act (CCRA) requires the Parole Board of Canada (PBC) to maintain a decision registry that includes the decisions made and the reasons for those decisions. The purpose of the decision registry is to contribute to public understanding of conditional release decision making and to promote openness and accountability. Anyone may request a copy of these decisions.

Victims also include victims' agents and victims' organizations.

Table F7 Total number of decisions sent from the registry vs. number of decisions sent to victims from the registryFootnote *
Year Decisions sent to victims Total number of decisions sent
# %
2019-20 2,884 47.5 6,076
2020-21 3,242 45.2 7,179

Table F7 Notes

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Victims also include victims' agents and victims' organizations.

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