2015 Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview

2015 Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview PDF Version (2.3 MB)

ISSN: 1713-1073

Preface
Contributing Partners
Section A: Context - Crime and the Criminal Justice System
Section B: Corrections Administration
Section C: Offender Population
Section D: Conditional Release
Section E: Statistics on Special Applications of Criminal Justice
Section F: Victims of Crime

Preface

This document provides a statistical overview of corrections and conditional release within a context of trends in crime and criminal justice. A primary consideration in producing this overview was to present general statistical information in a "user friendly" way that will facilitate understanding by a broad audience. Accordingly, there are a number of features of this document that make it different from typical statistical reports.

First, the visual representation of the statistics is simple and uncluttered, and under each chart there are a few key points that will assist the reader in extracting the information from the chart.
Second, for each chart there is a table of numbers corresponding to the visual representation. In some instances, the table includes additional numbers, e.g., a five-year series, even though the chart depicts the data for the most recent year (e.g., Figure A2).
Third, rather than using the conventional headings for statistics (e.g., "Police-reported crime rate by year by type of crime") the titles for each chart and table inform the reader about the matter at hand (e.g., "Police-reported crime rate has decreased since 1998").
Fourth, notes have been kept to a minimum, that is, only where they were judged to be essential for the reader to understand the statistics.
Finally, the source of the statistics is indicated under each chart so that the interested reader can easily access more information if desired.

The Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO) has been published annually since 1998. Readers are advised that in some instances figures have been revised from earlier publications. Also, the total number of offenders will vary slightly depending on characteristics of the data set.

It is hoped that this document will serve as a useful source of statistical information on corrections and conditional release and assist the public in gaining a better understanding of these important components of the criminal justice system.

Regarding police crime data from Statistics Canada, until the late 1980s, the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) survey provided aggregate counts of the number of incidents reported to police and the number of persons charged by type of offence. With the advent of microdata reporting, the UCR has become an "incident-based" survey (UCR2), collecting in-depth information about each criminal incident. The update to this new survey, as well as revisions to the definitions of Violent crime, Property crime, and Other Criminal Code offences has resulted in data only being available from 1998 to the present. It is worth noting that the Total Crime Rates presented in the CCRSO differ from those reported by Statistics Canada in their publications. The Total Crime Rate reported in the CCRSO includes offences (i.e., traffic offences in the Canadian Criminal Code and offences against federal statutes) that are excluded in rates published by Statistics Canada.

Contributing Partners

Public Safety Canada

Public Safety Canada is Canada's lead federal department for public safety, which includes emergency management, national security and community safety. Its many responsibilities include developing legislation and policies governing corrections, implementing innovative approaches to community justice, and providing research expertise and resources to the corrections community.

Correctional Service of Canada

The mandate of the Correctional Service of Canada, as set out in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, is to contribute to the maintenance of a just, peaceful and safe society by carrying out sentences imposed by courts through the safe and humane custody and supervision of offenders with sentences of two years or more, and assisting in the rehabilitation of offenders and their reintegration into the community as law-abiding citizens through the provision of programs in penitentiaries and in the community.

Parole Board of Canada

The Parole Board of Canada is an independent administrative tribunal responsible for making decisions about the timing and conditions of release of offenders to the community on various forms of conditional release. The Board also makes pardon decisions and recommendations respecting clemency through the Royal Prerogative of Mercy.

Office of the Correctional Investigator

The Office of the Correctional Investigator is an ombudsman for federal offenders. It conducts investigations into the problems of offenders related to decisions, recommendations, acts or omissions of the Correctional Service of Canada that affect offenders individually or as a group.

Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (Statistics Canada)

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) is a division of Statistics Canada. The CCJS is the focal point of a federal-provincial-territorial partnership, known as the National Justice Statistics Initiative, for the collection of information on the nature and extent of crime and the administration of civil and criminal justice in Canada.

Section A: Context – Crime and the Criminal Justice System

Police-reported crime rate has been decreasing since 1998

Figure A1

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

The overall crime rate has decreased 35.2% since 1998, from 8,915 per 100,000 to 5,774 in 2014.
Over the same period, there was a 45.6% decrease in the property crime rate, from a rate of 5,696 per 100,000 to 3,096 in 2014. In contrast, the crime rate for drug offences has increased 24.3% since 1998, from 235 per 100,000 population to 292.
The rate of violent crime has fluctuated over the last fifteen years, peaking in 2000 at 1,494 per 100,000 population. Since 2000, the rate of violent crimes has decreased 30.5% to 1,039 in 2014.
In general, the crime rates for traffic offences and other Criminal Code offences have fluctuated since 1998.

Note:

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime. See Figure F1 for rates based on victimization surveys (drawn from the General Social Survey), an alternative method of measuring crime.

Table A1
Year	Type of offence
Year	Violent**	Property**	Traffic	Other CCC**	Drugs	Other Fed. Statutes	Total*
1998	1,345	5,696	469	1,051	235	119	8,915
1999	1,440	5,345	388	910	264	128	8,474
2000	1,494	5,189	370	924	287	113	8,376
2001	1,473	5,124	393	989	288	123	8,390
2002	1,441	5,080	379	991	296	128	8,315
2003	1,435	5,299	373	1,037	274	115	8,532
2004	1,404	5,123	379	1,072	306	107	8,391
2005	1,389	4,884	378	1,052	290	97	8,090
2006	1,387	4,809	376	1,050	295	87	8,004
2007	1,354	4,525	402	1,029	308	90	7,707
2008	1,334	4,258	437	1,039	308	100	7,475
2009	1,322	4,122	435	1,017	291	94	7,281
2010	1,292	3,838	420	1,029	321	96	6,996
2011	1,236	3,536	424	1,008	330	94	6,627
2012	1,197	3,435	406	1,000	317	103	6,458
2013	1,093	3,148	386	954	310	79	5,970
2014	1,039	3,096	364	911	292	71	5,774

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year’s report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Rates are based on incidents reported per 100,000 population.

Due to rounding, rates may not add to Totals.

Crime rates are higher in the west and highest in the north

Figure A2

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Crime rates are higher in the west and highest in the Territories. This general pattern has been stable over time.
The Canadian crime rate* dropped from 6,996 in 2010 to 5,774 in 2014.

Note:

*Rates are based on 100,000 population.

Unlike Statistics Canada, the Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year’s report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Table A2
Province/Territory	Crime Rate*
Province/Territory	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Newfoundland & Labrador	7,535	7,136	6,837	6,667	6,221
Prince Edward Island	7,141	7,290	7,351	6,528	5,255
Nova Scotia	7,837	7,343	7,143	6,415	6,195
New Brunswick	6,339	6,063	6,276	5,477	5,070
Quebec	5,553	5,295	5,199	4,700	4,318
Ontario	5,073	4,796	4,612	4,184	4,025
Manitoba	10,650	9,866	9,741	8,721	8,353
Saskatchewan	14,309	14,121	13,539	12,529	12,084
Alberta	9,073	8,372	8,187	7,943	7,888
British Columbia	9,814	9,308	9,069	8,549	8,632
Yukon Territory	23,069	22,544	22,648	26,103	26,623
Northwest Territories	51,585	52,300	51,255	48,475	46,785
Nunavut	41,025	39,443	40,540	34,631	32,016
Canada	6,996	6,627	6,458	5,970	5,774

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Rates are based on 100,000 population.

Canada’s incarceration rate is high relative to most western European countries

Figure A3

Source: World Prison Population List (retrieved November 20, 2015 at www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total).

Canada’s incarceration rate is higher than the rates in most Western European countries but much lower than the United States, where the most recent incarceration rate was 698 per 100,000 general population.
Based on the most up to date information available from the International Centre for Prison Studies, Canada’s incarceration rate was 106 per 100,000. When ranked from highest to lowest, Canada's prison population rate was 141 of 222 countries.

Note:

The incarceration rate, in this figure, is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Population List are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. Due to variations in the availability of information, the 2006 and 2008 dates reported in Table A3 refer to when the World Prison Population Lists (Seventh and Eighth Editions respectively) were published, but may not necessarily correspond to the date the data were obtained. For 2015, the data was retrieved online on November 20, 2015 from http://www.prisonstudies.org which contains the most up-to-date information available. These data reflect incarceration rates based on the country’s population. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Table A3
	2002	2003	2004	2006^1*	2008^2*	2011^3*	2012^⁴*	2013^⁵*	2014^6*	2015^7*
United States	701	714	723	738	756	743	730	716	707	698
New Zealand	155	168	168	186	185	199	194	192	190	190
England & Wales	141	142	141	148	153	155	154	148	149	148
Scotland	129	132	136	139	152	155	151	147	144	144
Australia	115	117	120	126	129	133	129	130	143	151
Canada	116	108	107	107	116	117	114	118	118	106
Italy	100	98	96	104	92	110	109	106	88	86
Austria	100	106	110	105	95	104	104	98	99	95
France	93	91	91	85	96	102	102	101	102	100
Germany	98	96	98	95	89	87	83	79	81	78
Switzerland	68	81	81	83	76	79	76	82	87	84
Sweden	73	75	81	82	74	78	70	67	57	60
Denmark	64	70	70	77	63	74	74	73	67	61
Norway	59	65	65	66	69	73	73	72	75	71
Finland	70	71	66	75	64	59	59	58	55	57

Source: International Centre for Prison Studies:¹World Prison Population List (Seventh Edition);²World Prison Population List (Eighth Edition); ³World Prison Population List (retrieved October 7, 2011 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php), ⁴World Prison Population List (retrieved October 15, 2012 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php).⁵World Prison Population List (retrieved November 20, 2013 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php). ⁶World Prison Population List (retrieved December 8, 2014 at http://www.prisonstudies.org/world-prison-brief). ⁷World Prison Population List (retrieved November 20, 2015 at www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total).

Note:

*Incarceration rates from the World Prison Population List are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. Due to variations in the availability of information, the 2006 and 2008 dates reported in Table A3 refer to when the World Prison Population Lists (Seventh and Eighth Editions respectively) were published, but may not necessarily correspond to the date the data were obtained. For 2015, the data was retrieved online on November 20, 2015 at http://www.prisonstudies.org which contains the most up to date information available. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures. Rates are based on 100,000 population.

The rate of adults charged has declined

Figure A4

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Since 1998, the rate of adults charged has decreased from 2,236 adults per 100,000 to 1,831 in 2014, a decrease of 18.1%.
Over the same period, the rate of adults charged with violent crimes decreased by 14.2%, such that in 2014, 483 adults were charged per 100,000. Whereas the rate of adults charged for property offences has decreased 40.2% from 677 adults per 100,000 to 405 in 2014.

Note:

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year’s report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Table A4
Year	Type of offence
Year	Violent**	Property**	Traffic	Other CCC**	Drugs	Other Fed. Statutes	Total Charged*
1998	563	677	374	430	168	24	2,236
1999	590	632	371	396	185	30	2,203
2000	615	591	349	411	198	26	2,190
2001	641	584	349	451	202	28	2,256
2002	617	569	336	460	199	29	2,211
2003	598	573	326	476	172	23	2,168
2004	584	573	314	490	187	30	2,180
2005	589	550	299	479	185	29	2,131
2006	594	533	300	498	198	27	2,150
2007	577	499	298	521	208	28	2,132
2008	576	487	307	540	207	31	2,149
2009	585	490	311	532	201	34	2,152
2010	576	473	295	545	211	32	2,132
2011	548	441	271	527	213	34	2,034
2012	541	434	268	535	202	37	2,016
2013	499	415	242	514	200	26	1,904
2014	483	405	231	506	188	18	1,831

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Rates are based on 100,000 population, 18 years of age and older.

Due to rounding, rates may not add to Totals.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Administration of justice cases account for 23% of cases* in adult courts

Figure A5

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Administration of justice cases (offences related to case proceedings such as failure to appear in court, failure to comply with a court order, breach of probation, and unlawfully at large) account for more than one fifth of cases completed in adult criminal courts.
Apart from administration of justice cases, impaired driving and theft are the most frequent case in adult courts.

Note:

*Cases completed in adult criminal courts.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Adult Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the "most serious decision" rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the "most serious offence" rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec’s municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table A5
Type of Charge	Criminal Code and Other Federal Statute Charges
Type of Charge		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14
	#	%	#	%	#	%
Crimes Against the Person	93,225	23.65	91,033	23.49	84,862	23.53
Homicide and Related	272	0.07	243	0.06	258	0.07
Attempted Murder	158	0.04	145	0.04	186	0.05
Robbery	3,929	1.00	3,985	1.03	3,388	0.94
Sexual Assault	4,058	1.03	3,204	0.83	3,002	0.83
Other Sexual Offences	2,321	0.59	3,307	0.85	3,462	0.96
Major Assault (Levels 2 & 3)	21,998	5.33	20,547	5.30	19,232	5.33
Common Assault (Level 1)	37,443	9.50	35,853	9.25	33,630	9.33
Uttering Threats	17,701	4.49	17,559	4.53	15,810	4.38
Criminal Harassment	3,300	0.84	3,158	0.81	3,175	0.88
Other Crimes Against Persons	3,045	0.77	3,022	0.78	2,719	0.75
Crimes Against Property	91,380	23.19	88,664	22.87	82,187	22.79
Theft	40,328	10.23	39,318	10.14	36,364	10.08
Break and Enter	10,959	2.78	10,864	2.80	9,609	2.66
Fraud	12,850	3.26	12,130	3.13	11,381	3.16
Mischief	14,348	3.64	13,771	3.55	13,041	3.62
Possession of Stolen Property	11,244	2.85	10,987	2.83	10,371	2.88
Other Property Crimes	1,651	0.42	1,594	0.41	1,421	0.39
Administration of Justice	85,607	21.72	85,554	22.07	82,116	22.77
Fail to Appear	4,689	1.19	4,565	1.18	4,389	1.22
Breach of probation	32,029	8.13	32,742	8.45	31,334	8.69
Unlawfully at large	2,653	0.67	2,512	0.65	2,595	0.72
Fail to Comply with Order	37,445	9.50	37,232	9.61	35,516	9.85
Other Admin. Justice	8,791	2.23	8,503	2.19	8,282	2.30
Other Criminal Code	16,970	4.31	16,791	4.33	15,272	4.23
Weapons	9,727	2.47	9,682	2.50	9,020	2.50
Prostitution	1,040	0.26	896	0.23	903	0.25
Disturbing the Peace	1,423	0.36	1,452	0.37	1,316	0.36
Residual Criminal Code	4,780	1.21	4,761	1.23	4,033	1.12
Criminal Code Traffic	54,608	13.86	52,413	13.52	48,334	13.40
Impaired Driving	43,383	11.01	42,048	10.85	38,635	10.71
Other CC Traffic	11,225	2.85	10,365	2.67	9,699	2.69
Other Federal Statutes	52,326	13.28	53,159	13.71	47,869	13.27
Drug Possession	16,947	4.30	16,303	4.21	14,925	4.14
Other Drug Offences	12,728	3.23	11,577	2.99	10,100	2.80
Residual Federal Statutes	22,651	5.75	25,279	6.52	22,844	6.33
Total Offences	394,116	100.0	387,614	100.00	360,640	100.00

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Cases completed in adult criminal courts.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Adult Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected. The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Most adult custodial sentences ordered by the court are short

Figure A6

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Over half (56%) of all custodial sentences imposed by adult criminal courts are one month or less.
Prison sentences for men tend to be longer than for women. About two-thirds (67.5%) of women and just over half of men (54.4%) who are incarcerated upon guilty* finding receive a sentence of one month or less, and 92.2% of women and 87% of men receive a sentence of six months or less.
Of all guilty findings that result in custody, only 3.4% result in federal jurisdiction (i.e., a sentence of two years or more).

Note:

*The type of decision group “guilty” includes guilty of the offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.

Excludes cases where length of prison sentence and/or sex was not known, data for Manitoba as information on sentence length was not available.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

Table A6
Length of Prison Sentence	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
	%	%	%	%	%
1 Month or Less
Women	67.7	66.7	67.5	67.8	67.5
Men	53.6	51.4	52.6	53.2	54.4
Total	55.2	53.0	54.3	54.9	56.0

More Than 1 Month to 6 Months
Women	23.3	24.7	23.9	24.1	24.7
Men	31.6	33.9	33.2	32.6	32.6
Total	30.7	32.9	32.2	31.6	31.7

More Than 6 Months to 12 Months
Women	4.4	3.8	4.4	4.2	3.8
Men	6.7	6.8	6.6	6.4	5.8
Total	6.4	6.5	6.4	6.1	5.5

More Than 1 Year to Less Than 2 Years
Women	2.2	2.4	2.2	2.1	2.0
Men	3.7	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.6
Total	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.7	3.4

2 Years or More
Women	2.3	2.4	2.1	1.8	2.1
Men	4.4	4.4	3.9	3.8	3.6
Total	4.2	4.1	3.7	3.6	3.4

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Excludes cases where length of prison sentence and/or sex was not known, data for Manitoba as information on both sentence length was not available.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec’s municipal courts is not collected.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

Relatively few crimes result in sentences to federal penitentiaries

Figure A7

Source: ¹Uniform Crime Reporting Survey-2, Adult Criminal Court Survey, and Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada; ² Correctional Service Canada.

There were about 2 million incidents reported to police in 2014.
During 2014-15, there were 4,781 warrant of committal admissions for offenders sentenced to federal jurisdiction (i.e., two years or more).

Note:

**This figure only includes cases in provincial court and partial data from Superior Court. Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Information from Quebec’s municipal courts is not collected.

Police data are reported on a calendar year basis whereas court and prison data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 1 through March 31).

Table A7
	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
Total Number of Incidents Reported to Police¹	2,379,130	2,275,917	2,244,458	2,098,776	2,098,302
Cases with guilty* findings in Adult Criminal Court^1**	261,325	256,603	249,152	228,328	Not available
Sentenced Admissions to Provincial/Territorial Custody¹	83,976	85,013	65,922	64,604	Not available
Warrant of Committal Admissions to Federal Facilities²	5,423	5,103	5,094	5,139	4,781

Source: ¹ Uniform Crime Reporting Survey-2, Adult Criminal Court Survey, and Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada; ² Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

**This figure only includes cases convicted in provincial court and partial data from Superior Court. Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Information from Quebec’s municipal courts is not collected.

Police data are reported on a calendar year basis whereas court and prison data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 1 through March 31).

The rate of youth charged has declined over the past eight years

Figure A8

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

The rate of youth** charged has declined over the past eight years.
In 2003, there was a notable decrease in all major crime categories, in part attributable to the implementation of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) in April 2003, which places greater emphasis on diversion.
The rate of youth** charged with property crimes have decreased since 1998 by 74% from 2,500 per 100,000 youth to 641 in 2014.
The rate of youth** charged with violent crimes have decreased 45% since reaching its peak in 2001 from 1,157 per 100,000 youth to 636 in 2014.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year’s report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

**For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons aged 12 to 17 years.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years).

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Table A8
Year	Type of Offence
Year	Violent*	Property*	Traffic	Other CCC*	Drugs	Other Fed. Statutes	Total Charged*
1998	994	2,500	--	870	226	184	4,775
1999	1,060	2,237	--	728	266	209	4,500
2000	1,136	2,177	--	760	317	198	4,589
2001	1,157	2,119	--	840	343	195	4,656
2002	1,102	2,009	--	793	337	235	4,476
2003	953	1,570	--	726	208	204	3,662
2004	918	1,395	--	691	230	222	3,457
2005	924	1,276	--	660	214	212	3,287
2006	917	1,216	--	680	240	216	3,269
2007	943	1,211	75	732	260	239	3,461
2008	909	1,130	74	730	267	259	3,369
2009	888	1,143	68	698	238	260	3,294
2010	860	1,035	62	669	255	266	3,147
2011	805	903	58	635	263	251	2,915
2012	764	840	58	628	240	235	2,765
2013	692	723	42	555	229	193	2,436
2014	636	641	42	522	203	168	2,214

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

**Data for Youth Charged and Youth Not Charged for Impaired Driving are not available prior to 2007. As a result, comparisons to Total Charged and Other CCC (including traffic) over time should be made with caution.

For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons aged 12 to 17 years.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years).

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

The most common youth court case is theft

Figure A9

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Following the enactment of the Youth Criminal Justice Act in 2003, fewer youth are in court.
Theft is the most common case in youth court.
Homicides and related offences account for 0.1% of all youth cases.
Females account for 22% of all cases, but they account for 36% of common assaults.

Note:

*“Administration of Justice” includes the offences failure to appear, failure to comply, and breach of recognizance.

**Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

***“Drug Offences” includes possession and trafficking.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Youth Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the “most serious decision” rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the “most serious offence” rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

Table A9
Type of Case	Number of Youth Court Cases
Type of Case	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
Crimes Against the Person	14,823	14,275	13,216	12,792	11,720
Homicide and Attempted Murder	70	69	55	52	53
Robbery	2,539	2,605	2,464	2,336	1,904
Sexual Assault / Other Sexual Offences	1,255	1,306	1,277	1,331	1,417
Major Assault	3,561	3,361	2,900	2,715	2,396
Common Assault	4,477	4,208	4,029	3,878	3,613
Other Crimes Against the Person*	2,921	2,726	2,491	2,480	2,337
Crimes Against Property	22,242	20,408	17,389	15,723	13,370
Theft	8,454	7,879	6,591	5,476	4,658
Break and Enter	4,835	4,410	3,824	3,606	3,100
Fraud	837	641	525	474	465
Mischief	4,253	3,752	3,330	2,948	2,489
Possession of Stolen Property	3,249	3,147	2,689	2,779	2,294
Other Crimes Against Property	614	579	430	440	364
Administration of Justice	6,104	5,702	5,259	4,893	4,290
Failure to comply with order	4,045	3,738	3,529	3,230	2,875
Other Administration of Justice**	2,059	1,964	1,730	1,663	1,415
Other Criminal Code	2,967	2,709	2,476	2,424	2,160
Weapons / Firearms	2,016	1,834	1,686	1,555	1,451
Prostitution	10	14	5	6	11
Disturbing the Peace	187	165	121	132	86
Residual Criminal Code	754	696	664	731	612
Criminal Code Traffic	1,118	963	855	828	646
Other Federal Statutes	9,605	9,437	9,757	8,781	7,715
Drug Possession	2,556	2,560	2,018	1,844	1,568
Drug Trafficking	1,279	1,220	857	718	662
Youth Criminal Justice Act***	5,685	5,603	5,272	4,542	3,841
Residual Federal Statutes	85	54	1,610	1,677	1,644
Total	56,859	53,494	48,952	45,441	39,901

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*“Other Crimes Against the Person” includes the offences uttering threats and criminal harassment.

**“Other Administration of Justice” includes the offences failure to appear, failure to comply, and breach of recognizance.

***Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

The most common sentence for youth is probation

Figure A10

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Consistent with the objectives of the YCJA, fewer youth are sentenced to custody. In 2013-14, 14.9% of all guilty cases resulted in the youth being sentenced to custody.
In 2013-14, 48.5% of youth found guilty were given probation as the most serious sentence. This rate has remained relatively stable since the implementation of the YCJA in April 2003.
Of the new YCJA sentences, deferred custody and supervision orders were handed down most frequently. In 2013-14, 4.5% of all guilty cases received such an order as the most serious sentence.

Note:

*“Other Sentence” includes absolute discharge, restitution, prohibition, seizure, forfeiture, compensation, pay purchaser, essays, apologies, counselling programs and conditional discharge, conditional sentence, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand. This category also includes deferred custody and supervision, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand where sentencing data under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) are not available.

Unlike previous years, this data represents the most serious sentence and therefore, sanctions are mutually exclusive. However, each case may receive more than one sentence.

Table A10
Type of Sentence	Gender	Year
Type of Sentence	Gender	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
		%	%	%	%	%
Probation	Female	50.0	47.5	47.4	48.7	49.2
	Male	50.0	47.5	48.4	47.6	48.4
	Total	50.3	48.2	48.7	47.7	48.5

Custody	Female	12.5	12.6	11.5	11.1	10.8
	Male	16.2	17.2	17.0	16.4	16.2
	Total	14.8	15.5	15.2	14.9	14.9

Community Service Order	Female	9.3	9.4	9.7	9.7	9.0
	Male	8.0	8.5	8.6	8.1	7.9
	Total	8.9	9.1	9.5	8.7	8.5

Fine	Female	2.8	3.2	2.5	2.4	2.3
	Male	4.1	3.7	3.3	3.5	2.8
	Total	3.7	3.6	3.0	3.2	2.8

Deferred Custody and Supervision	Female	4.0	4.3	5.1	3.9	4.1
	Male	4.6	4.7	4.5	4.7	4.6
	Total	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.5

Other Sentence*	Female	21.4	23.0	23.8	24.2	24.6
	Male	17.0	18.4	18.2	19.7	20.0
	Total	18.0	19.2	19.2	21.0	20.9

Source: Integrated Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Unlike previous years, this data represents the most serious sentence and therefore, sanctions are mutually exclusive. However, each case may receive more than one sentence.

Section B: Corrections Administration

Expenditures on corrections increased in 2013-14

Figure B1

Expenditures on corrections increased in 2012-13

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Parole Board of Canada; Office of the Correctional Investigator; Statistics Canada Consumer Price Index.

In 2013-14, expenditures on federal corrections in Canada totaled approximately $2.81 billion, a 4.2% increase from 2012-13.
Since 2004-05, expenditures on federal corrections have increased 72.1%, from $1.63 billion to $2.81 billion. In constant dollars, this represents an increase of 67.4%.
Provincial/territorial expenditures totaled about $2.16 billion in 2013-14, an increase of 56.2% since 2004-05. In constant dollars, this represents an increase of 51.9%.

Note:

Federal expenditures on corrections include spending by the Correctional Service Canada (CSC), the Parole Board of Canada (PBC), and the Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI). The expenditures for the CSC include both operating and capital costs. CSC expenditures exclude CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries).

Constant dollars (2002) represent dollar amounts calculated on a one-year base that adjusts for inflation, thus allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable. Changes in the Consumer Price Index were used to calculate constant dollars.

Table B1
Year	Current Dollars				Constant 2002 Dollars
Year	Operating $’000	Capital	Total	Per capita $	Operating $’000	Capital	Total	Per capita
2009-10
CSC	2,065,085	200,357	2,265,442	67.17	1,889,986	183,369	2,073,355	61.47
PBC	47,300	--	47,300	1.40	42,289	--	43,289	1.28
OCI	4,375	--	4,375	0.13	4,004	--	4,004	0.12
Total	2,116,760	200,357	2,317,117	68.70	1,937,279	183,369	2,120,648	62.88

2010-11
CSC	2,156,955	22,849	2,379,803	69.73	1,981,066	20,986	2,185,742	64.05
PBC	46,000	--	46,000	1.35	42,249	--	42,249	1.24
OCI	4,162	--	4,162	0.12	3,823	--	3,823	0.11
Total	2,207,117	22,849	2,429,965	71.20	2,027,138	20,986	2,231,813	65.40

2011-12
CSC	2,313,422	345,327	2,658,750	77.10	2,105,040	314,222	2,419,263	70.16
PBC	52,200	--	52,200	1.51	47,498	--	47,498	1.38
OCI	4,936	--	4,936	0.14	4,491	--	4,491	0.13
Total	2,370,558	345,327	2,715,886	78.76	2,157,030	314,222	2,471,252	71.66

2012-13
CSC	2,204,005	437,736	2,641,742	76.01	2,019,281	401,048	2,420,331	69.64
PBC	46,500	--	46,500	1.34	42,603	--	42,603	1.23
OCI	4,801	--	4,801	0.14	4,399	--	4,399	0.13
Total	2,255,306	437,736	2,693,043	77.49	2,066,283	401,048	2,467,332	70.99

2013-14
CSC	2,371,700	378,372	2,750,072	78.22	2,203,672	351,566	2,555,238	72.68
PBC	50,400	--	50,400	1.43	46,829	--	46,829	1.33
OCI	4,946	--	4,946	0.14	4,596	--	4,596	0.13
Total	2,427,046	378,372	2,805,418	79.79	2,255,097	351,566	2,606,663	74.14

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Parole Board of Canada; Office of the Correctional Investigator; Statistics Canada Consumer Price Index.

Note:

Due to rounding, constant dollar amounts may not add to “Total”.

Per capita cost is calculated by dividing the total expenditures by the total Canadian population and thus represents the cost per Canadian for federal correctional services.

Constant dollars represent dollar amounts calculated on a one-year base (2002) that adjusts for inflation allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable. Changes in the Consumer Price Index were used to calculate constant dollars.

CSC employees are concentrated in custody centres

Figure B2

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Correctional Service Canada (CSC) has a total staff of 17,559.***
Approximately 77% of CSC staff work in institutions.
Staff employed in community supervision account for 8% of the total.

Note:

*These parole officers are situated within institutions, with the responsibility of preparing offenders for release.

**The “Other” category represents job classifications such as trades and food services.

***CSC has changed its definition of employee. Previously, the total number of employees included casual employees, employees on leave without pay and suspended employees. These categories have been removed from the total as of 2005-06. These numbers represent Indeterminate and Term equal to, or more than 3 months substantive employment; and Employee Status of Active and Paid Leave as of end of fiscal year 2014-15.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table B2
Service Area	March 31, 2006		March 31, 2015
	#		%
Headquarters and Central Services	2,087	14.5	2,641	15.0
Administration	1,699	11.8	2,256	12.8
Health Care	111	0.8	95	0.5
Program Staff	120	0.8	71	0.4
Correctional Officers	28	0.2	29	0.2
Instructors/Supervisors	10	0.1	9	0.1
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors			2	<0.1
Other*	119	0.8	179	1.0

Custody Centres	11,229	77.8	13,510	76.9
Correctional Officers	5,965	41.3	7,730	44.0
Administration	1,914	13.3	1,838	10.5
Health Care	779	5.4	882	5.0
Program Staff	534	3.7	888	5.1
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors**	648	4.5	665	3.8
Instructors/Supervisors	387	2.7	369	2.1
Other*	1,002	6.9	1,138	6.5

Community Supervision	1,125	7.8	1,408	8.0
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors	581	4.0	686	3.9
Administration	315	2.2	367	2.1
Program Staff	172	1.2	280	1.6
Health Care	34	0.2	74	0.4
Correctional Officers	22	0.2	0	0.0
Other*	1	<0.1	1	<0.1
Total***	14,441	100.0	17,559	100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*These parole officers are situated within institutions, with the responsibility of preparing offenders for release.

**The "Other" category represents job classifications such as trades and food services.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The cost of keeping an inmate incarcerated

Figure B3

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The federal average daily inmate cost has increased from $312 in 2009-10 to $316 in 2013-14.
In 2013-14, the annual average cost of keeping an inmate incarcerated was $115,310 per year, up from $113,974 per year in 2009-10. In 2013-14, the annual average cost of keeping a man inmate incarcerated was $111,202 per year, whereas the annual average cost for incarcerating a woman inmate was $219,884.
The cost associated with maintaining an offender in the community is 70% less than what it costs to maintain an offender in custody ($34,432 per year versus $115,310 per year).

Note:

The average daily inmate cost includes those costs associated with the operation of the institutions, such as salaries and employee benefit plan contributions, but excludes capital expenditures and expenditures related to CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries). Total incarcerated and community includes additional NHQ & RHQ administrative costs which are not part of the Institutional and/or Community calculations.

Table B3
Categories	Annual Average Costs per Offender (current $)
Categories	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
Incarcerated Offenders
Maximum Security (men only)	150,808	147,418	151,484	148,330	156,768
Medium Security (men only)	98,219	99,519	104,889	99,207	101,583
Minimum Security (men only)	95,038	95,034	91,959	83,910	83,182
Women’s Facilities	211,093	214,614	211,618	210,695	219,884
Exchange of Services Agreements	89,800	90,712	97,545	104,828	108,388
Incarcerated Average	113,974	114,364	117,788	112,197	115,310

Offenders in the Community	29,537	31,148	35,101	33,799	34,432

Total Incarcerated and Community	93,916	96,412	100,622	95,504	99,923

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The number of Parole Board of Canada employees

Figure B4

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The total number of full-time equivalents used by the Parole Board of Canada has increased by 22% since 2005-06.

Table B4
	Full-Time Equivalents
	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
Strategic Outcome*
Conditional Release Decisions	297	310	311	325	325
Conditional Release Openness and Accountability	57	60	56	53	54
Record Suspension and Clemency Recommendations	38	37	58	79	69
Internal Services	46	54	43	48	47
Total	438	461	468	505	495

Type of Employees
Full-time Board Members	40	43	44	42	42
Part-time Board Members	21	21	20	20	18
Staff	377	397	404	443	435
Total	438	461	468	505	495

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*As of 2006-07, the Receiver General and Treasury Board Secretariat reporting requirements have been changed from Business Line to Strategic Outcome. Consequently, data regarding Conditional Release Openness and Accountability is unavailable prior to 2006-07.

The number of employees in the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Figure B5

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

The total number of full-time equivalents at the Office of the Correctional Investigator was stable over the last three years.
In 2014-15, 6,252 complaints/inquires* were received by the Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Note:

*The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

Table B5
	Full-Time Equivalents
	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
Type of Employees
Correctional Investigator	1	1	1	1	1
Senior Management and Legal Counsel/Advisor	5	5	5	5	5
Investigative Services	20	21	25	25	25
Administrative Services	4	5	5	5	5
Total	30	32	36	36	36

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Health Care is the most common area of offender complaint received by the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Figure B6

Conditions of Confinement is the most common area of offender complaint received by the Office of the Correctional Investigator - Ten most common complaints in 2013-14

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

There were 6,252 complaints/inquires* received at the Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) in 2014-15.
Health care (12.2%), conditions of confinement (8.3%), and institutional transfers (7.3%) accounted for 27.8% of all complaints.

Note:

Table B6
Category of Complaint	Number of Complaints*
Category of Complaint	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
	#	#	#	#	#
Health Care (including Dental)	797	730	577	613	763
Conditions of Confinement	469	483	509	628	516
Institutional Transfers	369	408	376	403	459
Staff Performance	347	310	368	412	412
Administrative Segregation	346	428	424	363	375
Cell Property	407	386	399	327	356
Telephone	168	141	135	227	268
Visits (includes Private Family Visits)	205	253	213	225	235
Grievance Procedures	284	255	163	161	189
File Information	202	166	162	140	175
Financial Matters	78	108	109	138	172
Correspondence	115	127	84	85	144
Security Classification	135	92	115	98	139
Programs/Services	188	122	101	107	117
Decisions (General) - Implementation**	129	227	372	93	102
Safety/Security of Offender	90	87	54	56	77
Mental Health	112	54	74	50	74
Harassment	88	119	64	42	74
Other***	1,087	1,061	943	957	1,296
Outside OCI’s Terms of Reference	187	232	235	309	309
Total	5,914	5,789	5,477	5,434	6,252

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Note:

OCI has updated the categories of complaints to better reflect their corporate priorities and the changing nature of the complaints that they received in the 2010-11 fiscal year. As a result, some categories reported in previous years have been changed or removed.

**Previously, Decisions (General) - Implementation, Correspondence, and Mental Health were reported in "Other", therefore, numbers previous to 2010-11 are not reported.
***“Other” refers to other types of complaints not specified in the table and includes: Cell Placement, Claims Against the Crown, Community Programs/Supervision, Conditional Release, Death or Serious Injury, Diets, Discipline, Discrimination, Double Bunking, Employment, Financial Matters, Food Services, Health and Safety - Inmate Worksites/Programs, Hunger Strike, Inmate Requests, Ion Scan/Drug Dog, Methadone, OCI, Official Languages, Operation/Decisions of the OCI, Release Procedures, Religious/ Spiritual, Safety/Security - Incompatibles/Worksite, Search and Seizure, Sentence Administration, Temporary Absence, Temporary Absence Decision, Uncategorized, Urinalysis and Use of Force. In 2010-11, Cell Placement, Conditional Release, Employment, Inmate Requests, OCI, Religious/Spiritual, Safety/Security - Incompatibles/ Worksite, and Temporary Absence were added to the “Other” category, and Correspondence, General Decision/Implementation, and Mental Health were removed.

The number of individual complaints processed by the OCI has decreased in recent years because the OCI has reallocated resources to sharpen its focus on systemic issues and death in custody investigations.

Section C: Offender Population

Offenders under the responsibility of Correctional Service of Canada

Figure C1

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Definitions:

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

Temporarily Detained includes offenders who are physically held in a CSC facility or a non-CSC facility after being suspended for a breach of a parole condition or to prevent a breach of parole conditions.

Actively Supervised includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole or statutory release, as well as those who are in the community on long-term supervision orders.

CSC Facilities include all federal institutions and federally funded healing lodges.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, or statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In addition to that Total Offender Population, there are excluded groups such as:

Federal jurisdiction offenders incarcerated in a Community Correctional Centre or in a non-CSC facility. Federal jurisdiction offenders deported/extradited including offenders for whom a deportation order has been enforced by Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Federal offenders on bail which includes offenders on judicial interim release; they have appealed their conviction or sentence and have been released to await results of a new trial. Escaped includes offenders who have absconded from either a correctional facility or while on a temporary absence and whose whereabouts are unknown. Unlawfully at Large for 90 days or more. This includes offenders who have been released to the community on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or a long-term supervision order for whom a warrant of suspension has been issued at least 90 day but has not yet been executed.

Note:

*The definition of “Offender Population” changed in the 2014 edition of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO). As such, comparisons to editions of the CCRSO prior to 2014 should be done with caution.

Table C1
Status	Offenders under the responsibility of Correctional Service Canada
	#	#	#	%	%	%
In Custody Population (CSC Facility)	14,865					64.8
Incarcerated in CSC Facility		14,203			61.9
Temporarily Detained in CSC Facility		662			2.9
In Community under Supervision	8,070					35.2
Temporarily Detained in non-CSC Facility		130			0.6
Actively Supervised		7,940			34.6
Day Parole			1,326	5.8
Full Parole			3,291	14.3
Statutory Release			2,957	12.9
Long Term Supervision Order			366	1.6
Total	22,935*					100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In addition to this total offender population, 138 offenders were on bail, 122 offenders had escaped, 180 offenders were under federal jurisdiction serving their sentence in a non-CSC facility, 327 offenders were unlawfully at large for 90 days or more, and 454 offenders were deported or on immigration hold.

The definition of "Offender Population" changed in the 2014 edition of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO). As such, comparisons to editions of the CCRSO prior to 2014 should be done with caution.

The number of offenders in custody in a CSC facility decreased in 2014-15

Figure C2

The number of offenders in custody in a CSC facility has increased in the last five years - results at fiscal year end 2013-14

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The in-custody population has increased in eight of the past ten consecutive years. In 2008-09 and in 2014-15, there was a decrease in the in-custody population with a 3.0% decrease in the last year.
From 2012-13 to 2013-14, the provincial/territorial sentenced offender population in custody decreased 11.2% from 11,138 to 9,889. The remand population decreased 16.3% from 13,739 to 11,493 during this period. Since 2005-06, the number of remanded inmates has exceeded the number of sentenced inmates in provincial/territorial custody.**

Note:

*The data reflect the number of offenders in custody at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The term "In custody Offenders" includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

**Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Table C2
Year	In Custody Offenders
	In Custody in a CSC Facility*¹	Provincial/Territorial²				Total
	In Custody in a CSC Facility*¹	Sentenced	Remand	Other/Temporary Detention	Total	Total
2005-06	13,488	9,476	11,040	277	20,794	34,282
2006-07	13,960	10,032	12,169	283	22,484	36,444
2007-08	14,362	9,799	12,973	315	23,086	37,448
2008-09	13,950	9,931	13,548	311	23,790	37,740
2009-10	14,185	10,045	13,739	308	24,092	38,277
2010-11	14,824	10,922	13,086	427	24,435	39,259
2011-12	15,136	11,138	13,369	308	24,814	39,950
2012-13	15,313	11,138	13,739	308	25,185	40,498
2013-14	15,327	9,889	11,493	321	21,704	37,031
2013-14	14,865	--	--	--	--	--

Source: ¹Correctional Service Canada.; ²Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Note:

*Data reflects the number of offenders in custody at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The term "In Custody in a CSC Facility" includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

The figures for provincial and territorial offenders reflect annual average counts.

-- Data not available.

The number of admissions to federal jurisdiction has fluctuated

Figure C3

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The number of warrant of committal admissions has fluctuated over the past decade but has declined by 7.0% in the last year.
After peaking at 8,606 in 2006-07, the number of admissions has decreased by 13.3% to 7,458 in 2014-15.
The number of women admitted to federal jurisdiction under warrants of committal increased 9.0% from 333 in 2010-11 to 363 in 2014-15.

Note:

*“Other” includes transfers from other jurisdictions (exchange of services), terminations, transfers from foreign countries, and admissions where a release is interrupted as a consequence of a new conviction.

These numbers refer to the federal jurisdiction admissions during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C3
	2010-11		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14		2014-15
	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men
Warrant of Committal
1^st Federal Sentence	294	3,701	302	3,490	227	3,521	289	3,574	321	3,343
All Others	39	1,389	43	1,268	45	1,301	40	1,236	42	1,075
Subtotal	333	5,090	345	4,758	272	4,822	329	4,810	363	4,418
Total	5,423		5,103		5,094		5,139		4,781

Revocations	153	2,630	135	2,546	140	2,829	121	2,717	136	2,455
Total	2,783		2,681		2,969		2,838		2,591

Other*	8	125	17	116	15	127	6	122	7	79
Total	133		133		142		128		86

	494	7,845	497	7,420	427	7,778	456	7,649	506	6,952
Total Admissions	8,339		7,917		8,205		8,105		7,458

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The number of women admitted from the courts to federal Jurisdiction increased in 2014-15

Figure C4

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

In the last ten years, the number of women admitted to federal jurisdiction increased 32.5% from 274 in 2005-06 to 363 in 2014-15. During the same time period, there was a small decrease in the number of men admitted to federal jurisdiction from 4,510 in 2005-06 to 4,418 in 2014-15.
Overall, women continue to represent a small proportion of the total number of admissions (i.e., 7.6% in 2014-15).
At the end of fiscal year 2014-15, there were 676 women incarcerated within Correctional Service Canada facilities.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Table C4
Year	Warrant of Committal Admissions				Total
Year		Women		Men	Total
	#	%	#	%
2005-06	274	5.7	4,510	94.3	4,784
2006-07	318	6.2	4,791	93.8	5,109
2007-08	309	6.2	4,693	93.8	5,002
2008-09	315	6.5	4,513	93.5	4,828
2009-10	312	6.0	4,905	94.0	5,217
2010-11	333	6.1	5,090	93.9	5,423
2011-12	345	6.8	4,758	93.2	5,103
2012-13	272	5.3	4,822	94.7	5,094
2013-14	329	6.4	4,810	93.6	5,139
2014-15	363	7.6	4,418	92.4	4,781

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Over half of the total offender population in CSC facilities is serving a sentence of less than 5 years

Figure C5

Over half of total offender population in CSC facilities are serving a sentence of less than 5 years - sentence length of total offender population

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

In 2014-15, about half (50.4%) of the total offender population* was serving a sentence of less than 5 years with 22.8% serving a sentence between two years and less than three years.
Almost one quarter (23.2%) of the total offender population* was serving an indeterminate sentence. The total number of offenders with indeterminate sentences has increased 6.8% since 2010-11 from 4,984 to 5,321 in 2014-15.

Note:

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Offenders serving a sentence less than 2 years includes offenders transferred from foreign countries or offenders under a long term supervision order who received a new sentence of less than 2 years.

Table C5
Sentence Length	2010-11		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14		2014-15
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
< than 2 years	277	1.2	262	1.1	280	1.2	294	1.3	297	1.3
2 years to < 3 years	5,927	26.2	5,785	25.3	5,467	23.8	5,298	22.9	5,223	22.8
3 years to < 4 years	3,519	15.5	3,626	15.8	3,729	16.2	3,767	16.3	3,629	15.8
4 years to < 5 years	2,202	9.7	2,290	10.0	2,363	10.3	2,447	10.6	2,418	10.5
5 years to < 6 years	1,516	6.7	1,577	6.9	1,598	7.0	1,635	7.1	1,671	7.3
6 years to < 7 years	996	4.4	999	4.4	1,083	4.7	1,099	4.7	1,102	4.8
7 years to < 10 years	1,580	7.0	1,656	7.2	1,722	7.5	1,790	7.7	1,782	7.8
10 years to < 15 years	988	4.4	978	4.3	961	4.2	955	4.1	931	4.1
15 years and more	674	3.0	630	2.8	608	2.6	611	2.6	561	2.4
Indeterminate	4,984	22.0	5,098	22.3	5,167	22.5	5,258	22.7	5,321	23.2
Total	22,663	100	22,901	100	22,978	100	23,154	100	22,935	100

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Offenders serving a sentence less than 2 years includes offenders transferred from foreign countries or offenders under a long term supervision order who received a new sentence of less than 2 years.

Offender age at admission to federal jurisdiction is increasing

Figure C6

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

In 2014-15, 36.7% of offenders admitted to federal jurisdiction were between the ages of 20 and 29, and 28.0% were between 30 and 39 years of age.
The distribution of age upon admission is similar for both men and women, except for the ages between 25-29 where there was a 5.9% difference.
The median age of the population upon admission in 2014-15 was 33, compared to a median age of 32 in 2005-06.
The number of offenders between the ages of 40 and 49 at admission decreased from 925 in 2005-06 to 848 in 2014-15, representing an 8.3% decrease.
The number of offenders between the ages of 50 and 59 at admission significantly increased from 295 in 2005-06 to 505 in 2014-15.

Note:

*These six offenders include 5 offenders admitted to a youth correctional centre and one offender who was admitted to federal jurisdiction by the courts. A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C6
Age at Admission	2005-06						2014-15
Age at Admission	Women		Men		Total		Women		Men		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Under 18	0	0.0	6*	0.1	6	0.1	0	0.0	1**	0.0	1	0.0
18 and 19	3	1.1	178	3.9	181	3.8	9	2.5	98	2.2	107	2.2
20 to 24	51	18.6	885	19.6	936	19.6	56	15.4	787	17.8	843	17.6
25 to 29	68	24.8	835	18.5	903	18.9	89	24.5	824	18.7	913	19.1
30 to 34	41	15.0	689	15.3	730	15.3	64	17.6	703	15.9	767	16.0
35 to 39	48	17.5	664	14.7	712	14.9	36	9.9	534	12.1	570	11.9
40 to 44	35	12.8	539	12.0	574	12.0	34	9.4	430	9.7	464	9.7
45 to 49	16	5.8	335	7.4	351	7.3	30	8.3	354	8.0	384	8.0
50 to 59	10	3.6	285	6.3	295	6.2	37	10.2	468	10.6	505	10.6
60 to 69	2	0.7	81	1.8	83	1.7	7	1.9	160	3.6	167	3.5
70 and over	0	0.0	13	0.3	13	0.3	1	0.3	59	1.3	60	1.3
Total	274		4,510		4,784		363		4,418		4,781

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*These six offenders include 5 offenders admitted to a youth correctional centre and one offender who was admitted to federal jurisdiction by the courts.

**This offender was admitted to a youth correctional centre.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The average age at admission is lower for Aboriginal offenders than for non-Aboriginal offenders

Figure C7

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Of those offenders admitted to federal jurisdiction in 2014-15, 49.6% of Aboriginal offenders were under the age of 30, compared to 36.0% of non-Aboriginal offenders.
The median age of Aboriginal offenders at admission is 30, compared to a median age of 34 for non-Aboriginal offenders.
The median age of Aboriginal women offenders at admission is 29, compared to a median age of 32 for non-Aboriginal women offenders.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C7
Age at Admission	2005-06						2014-15
Age at Admission	Aboriginal		Non-Aboriginal		Total		Aboriginal		Non-Aboriginal		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Under 18	2	0.2	4	0.1	6	0.1	1	0.1	0	0.0	1	0.0
18 and 19	55	5.8	126	3.3	181	3.8	37	3.5	70	1.9	107	2.2
20 to 24	225	23.8	711	18.5	936	19.6	241	23.0	602	16.1	843	17.6
25 to 29	209	22.1	694	18.1	903	18.9	241	23.0	672	18.0	913	19.1
30 to 34	142	15.0	588	15.3	730	15.3	175	16.7	592	15.9	767	16.0
35 to 39	125	13.2	587	15.3	712	14.9	96	9.2	474	12.7	570	11.9
40 to 44	95	10.0	479	12.5	574	12.0	99	9.4	365	9.8	464	9.7
45 to 49	50	5.3	301	7.8	351	7.3	74	7.1	310	8.3	384	8.0
50 to 59	38	4.0	257	6.7	295	6.2	68	6.5	437	11.7	505	10.6
60 to 69	6	0.6	77	2.0	83	1.7	14	1.3	153	4.1	167	3.5
70 and over	0	0.0	13	0.3	13	0.3	3	0.3	57	1.5	60	1.3
Total	947		3,837		4,784		1,049		3,732		4,781

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

24% of the in-custody offender population is aged 50 or over

Figure C8

23% of the in custody offender population is aged 50 or over - percentage of In Custody offender population

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Statistics Canada.

In 2014-15, 55.0% of in-custody offenders were under the age of 40.
In 2014-15, 23.5% of the in-custody offender population was aged 50 and over.
The community offender population was older than the in-custody population; 36.6% of offenders in the community were aged 50 and over, compared to 23.5% of the in-custody offenders in this age group.

Note:

*In-custody Population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

**2014 Postcensal Estimates, Demography Division, Statistics Canada and include only those age 18 and older.

In community under supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C8
Age	In-Custody		In Community Under Supervision		Total		% of Canadian Adult Population*
	#	%	#	%	#	%	%
Under 18	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0.0
18 and 19	70	0.5	1	0.0	71	0.3	3.2
20 to 24	1,595	10.7	501	6.2	2,096	9.1	8.6
25 to 29	2,392	16.1	979	12.1	3,371	14.7	8.5
30 to 34	2,251	15.1	1,072	13.3	3,323	14.5	8.7
35 to 39	1,863	12.5	874	10.8	2,737	11.9	8.3
40 to 44	1,623	10.9	840	10.4	2,463	10.7	8.2
45 to 49	1,577	10.6	848	10.5	2,425	10.6	8.7
50 to 54	1,380	9.3	874	10.8	2,254	9.8	9.7
55 to 59	906	6.1	702	8.7	1,608	7.0	8.9
60 to 64	569	3.8	535	6.6	1,104	4.8	7.6
65 to 69	361	2.4	405	5.0	766	3.3	64
70 and over	278	1.9	439	5.4	717	3.1	13.1
Total	14,865	100.0	8,070	100.0	22,935	100.0	100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Statistics Canada.

Note:

*2014 Postcensal Estimates, Demography Division, Statistics Canada and include only those age 18 and older.

In-custody population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

Due to rounding, percentage may not add to 100 percent.

60% of offenders are Caucasian

Figure C9

61% of federal offenders are Caucasian - percentage of total offender population

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The federal offender population is becoming more diverse, as evidenced by the decrease in the proportion of Caucasian offenders (from 64.4% in 2010-11 to 60.4% in 2014-15).
Between 2010-11 and 2014-15, the Aboriginal population has increased by 17.1% (from 4,285 to 5,016).

Note:

The offenders themselves identify to which race they belong. The list of categories may not fully account for all races and the race groupings information has changed; therefore, the comparisons between 2010-11 and 2014-15 should be done with caution.

“Aboriginal” includes offenders who are Inuit, Innu, Métis and North American Indian.

"Asian" includes offenders who are Arab, Arab/West Asian, Asian-East and Southeast, Asian-South, Asian West, Asiatic, Chinese, East Indian, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South Asian, South East Asian.

“Hispanic” includes offenders who are Hispanic and Latin American.

“Black” includes offenders who are black.

“Other/Unknown” includes offenders who are European French, European-Eastern, European-Northern, European-Southern, European-Western, Multiracial/Ethnic, Oceania, British Isles, Caribbean, Sub-Sahara African, offenders unable to identify to one race, other and unknown.

The data reflects the total offender population, which includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C9
	Total Offender Population
	2010-11		2014-15
	#	%	#	%
Aboriginal	4,285	18.9	5,016	21.9
Inuit	198	0.9	238	1.0
Métis	1,093	4.8	1,381	6.0
North American Indian	2,994	13.2	3,397	14.8
Asian	1,121	4.9	1,305	5.7
Arab/West Asian	268	1.2	344	1.5
Asiatic*	52	0.2	269	1.2
Chinese	134	0.6	131	0.6
East Indian	21	0.1	13	0.1
Filipino	64	0.3	71	0.3
Japanese	1	0.0	5	0.0
Korean	20	0.1	21	0.1
South East Asian	365	1.6	272	1.2
South Asian	196	0.9	179	0.8
Black	1,818	8.0	1,887	8.2
Caucasian	14,597	64.4	13,859	60.4
Hispanic	209	0.9	249	1.1
Hispanic	10	0.0	6	0.0
Latin American	199	0.9	243	1.1
Other/Unknown	633	2.8	619	2.7
Total	22,663	100.0	22,935	100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Due to changes in categorization of races, 2013-14 “Asiatic” category includes Asian-East and Southeast/Asian South/Asian West/Asiatic.

“Aboriginal” includes offenders who are Inuit, Innu, Métis and North American Indian.

"Asian" includes offenders who are Arab, Arab/West Asian, Asian-East and Southeast, Asian-South, Asian West, Asiatic, Chinese, East Indian, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South Asian, South East Asian.n.

“Hispanic” includes offenders who are Hispanic and Latin American.

“Black” includes offenders who are black.

"Other/Unknown" includes offenders who are European French, European-Eastern, European-Northern, European-Southern, European-Western, Multiracial/Ethnic, Oceania, British Isles, Caribbean, Sub-Sahara African, offenders unable to identify to one race, other and unknown.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The religious identification of the offender population is diverse

Figure C10

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The religious identification of the Offender population was diverse. While the proportion of offenders who identified as Catholic or Protestant still represented the majority, their proportions decreased from 56.7% in 2010-11 to 48.5% in 2014-15.
Religious identification was unknown for 9.7% of offenders, whereas 15.2% stated they had no religion.

Note:

Religious identification is self-declared by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

Catholic includes offenders who are Catholic, Roman-Catholic, Greek-Catholic, Native-Catholic and Ukrainian-Catholic.

Orthodox includes offenders who are Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox and Ukrainian Orthodox.

Protestant includes offenders who are Anglican, Baptist, Christian Missionary, Christian Reform, Hutterite, Lutheran, Mennonite, Moravian, Native Spirit, Nazarene Christ, Pentecostal, Philad. Church God, Presbyterian, Protestant, Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventist, United Church, Christ Methodist, Christ Wesleyan and Worldwide Church.

Buddhist includes offenders who are Buddhist, Mahayana Buddhist and Theravadan Buddhist.

Other includes other declared identifications such as Agnostic, Asatruar Pagan, Atheist, Baha'i, Christian non spec., Christian Science, Church of Science, Church of Christ Scientist, Druidry Pagan, Hindu, Independant Spirit, Jehovah's Witness, Krishna, Mormon, Pagan, Quaker (Society of Friends), Rastafarian, Scientology, Sufiism, Taoism, Unitarian, Wicca and Zoroastrian.

The data reflect the total offender population which includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on a temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C10
	Total Offender Population
		2010-11		2014-15
	#	%	#	%
Catholic	8,446	37.3	8,241	35.9
Protestant	4,403	19.4	2,889	12.6
Muslim	990	4.4	1,236	5.4
Native Spirituality	921	4.1	1,157	5.0
Buddhist	456	2.0	475	2.1
Jewish	157	0.7	171	0.7
Orthodox	105	0.5	80	0.3
Sikh	139	0.6	154	0.7
Other	1,499	6.6	2,811	12.3
None	3,719	16.4	3,496	15.2
Unknown	1,828	8.1	2,225	9.7
Total	22,663	100.0	22,935	100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Religious identification is self-declared by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

Catholic includes offenders who are Catholic, Roman-Catholic, Greek-Catholic, Native-Catholic and Ukrainian-Catholic.

Orthodox includes offenders who are Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox and Ukrainian Orthodox.

Buddhist includes offenders who are Buddhist, Mahayana Buddhist and Theravadan Buddhist.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The proportion of Aboriginal offenders in custody is higher than for non-Aboriginal offenders

Figure C11

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

As of end of fiscal year 2014-15, the proportion of offenders in custody was about 10.5% greater for Aboriginal offenders (73.0%) than for non-Aboriginal offenders (62.5%).
Aboriginal women in custody represent 35.5% of all in-custody women while Aboriginal men in custody represent 24.1% of all men in custody.
In 2014-15, Aboriginal offenders represented 21.9% of the total offender population.
Aboriginal offenders accounted for 24.6% of the in-custody population and 16.8% of the community population in 2014-15.

Note:

Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility,and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the communi ty supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C11
		In Custody Population		In Community Under Supervision		Total
		#	%	#	%
Men
2011-12	Aboriginal	3,163	75.9	1,006	24.1	4,169
	Non-Aboriginal	11,344	64.5	6,247	35.5	17,591
	Total	14,507	66.7	7,253	33.3	21,760
2012-13	Aboriginal	3,361	74.8	1,135	25.2	4,496
	Non-Aboriginal	11,336	65.2	6,046	34.8	17,382
	Total	14,697	67.2	7,181	32.8	21,878
2013-14	Aboriginal	3,324	73.5	1,200	26.5	4,524
	Non-Aboriginal	11,372	65.0	6,135	35.0	17,507
	Total	14,696	66.7	7,335	33.3	22,031
2014-15	Aboriginal	3,420	73.4	1,241	26.6	4,661
	Non-Aboriginal	10,769	63.0	6,317	37.0	17,086
	Total	14,189	65.2	7,558	34.8	21,747

Women
2011-12	Aboriginal	216	67.7	103	32.3	319
	Non-Aboriginal	413	50.2	409	49.8	822
	Total	629	55.1	512	44.9	1,141
2012-13	Aboriginal	205	66.3	104	33.7	309
	Non-Aboriginal	411	52.0	380	48.0	791
	Total	616	56.0	484	44.0	1,100
2013-14	Aboriginal	218	64.9	118	35.1	336
	Non-Aboriginal	413	52.5	374	47.5	787
	Total	631	56.2	492	43.8	1,123
2014-15	Aboriginal	240	67.6	115	32.4	355
	Non-Aboriginal	436	52.3	397	47.7	833
	Total	676	56.9	512	43.1	1,188

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on a temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The majority of in-custody offenders are classified as medium security risk

Figure C12

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Approximately two-thirds (62.9%) of offenders are classified as medium security risk.
Aboriginal offenders are more likely to be classified to a medium or maximum security institution compared to non-Aboriginal offenders.
Compared to non-Aboriginal offenders, a lower percentage of Aboriginal offenders are classified as minimum security risk (17.0% vs. 23.2%) and a higher percentage were classified as medium (65.3% vs. 62.1%) and maximum (17.7% vs. 14.6%) security risk.

Note:

The data represent the offender security level decision as of end of fiscal year 2014-15.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

Table C12
Security Risk Level	Aboriginal		Non-Aboriginal		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%
Minimum	590	17.0	2,410	23.2	3,000	21.7
Medium	2,270	65.3	6,449	62.1	8,719	62.9
Maximum	616	17.7	1,520	14.6	2,136	15.4
Total	3,476	100.0	10,379	100.0	13,855	100.0

Not Yet Determined*	184		826		1,010

Total	3,660		11,205		14,865

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The “Not Yet Determined” category includes offenders who have not yet been classified.

The data represent the offender security level decision, as of end of fiscal year 2014-15.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

Admissions with a life or indeterminate sentence decreased in 2014-15

Figure C13

Admissions with a life or indeterminate sentence were stable in 2014-15 - number of warrant of committal admissions

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

From 2005-06 to 2014-15, the number of admissions to federal jurisdiction with a life/indeterminate* sentence has remained relatively stable, ranging from 163 to 193.
At the end of fiscal year 2014-15, there were a total of 3,553 offenders in custody with a life/ indeterminate sentence. Of these, 3,430 (96.5%) were men and 123 (3.5%) were women; 847 (23.8%) were Aboriginal and 2,706 (76.2%) were non-Aboriginal.
At the end of fiscal year 2014-15, 23.2% of the total population was serving a life/indeterminate sentence. Of these offenders, 66.8% were in custody and 33.2% were in the community under supervision.

Note:

*Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example, for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period. This table combines offenders serving life sentences and offenders serving indeterminate sentences.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

This table combines offenders serving life sentences and offenders serving indeterminate sentences.

Table C13
Year	Aboriginal Offenders			Non-Aboriginal Offenders			Total
Year	Women	Men	Total	Women	Men	Total	Women	Men	Total
2005-06	4	41	45	9	122	131	13	163	176
2006-07	4	34	38	10	120	130	14	154	168
2007-08	4	35	39	4	133	137	8	168	176
2008-09	4	35	39	2	130	132	6	165	171
2009-10	7	44	51	6	136	142	13	180	193
2010-11	3	34	37	6	132	138	9	166	175
2011-12	8	43	51	9	116	125	17	159	176
2012-13	6	46	52	1	120	121	7	166	173
2013-14	7	37	44	7	123	130	14	160	174
2014-15	1	38	39	8	116	124	9	154	163

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

This table combines offenders serving life sentences and offenders serving indeterminate sentences.

Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example, for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period. A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Offenders with Life or Indeterminate sentences represent 23% of the total offender population

Figure C14

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

At the end of fiscal year 2014-15, there were 5,321 offenders serving a life sentence and/or an indeterminate sentence. This represents 23.2% of the total offender population. The majority (66.8%) of these offenders were in custody. Of the 1,768 offenders who were in the community under supervision, the majority (82.2%) were serving a life sentence for 2nd Degree Murder.
There were 21 offenders who were serving both a life sentence and an indeterminate sentence.
There were 555 offenders who were serving an indeterminate sentence as a result of a special designation. The remaining 4,745 offenders did not receive a special designation, but were serving a life sentence.
96.1% of the 532 Dangerous Offenders with indeterminate sentences were in custody and 3.9% were in the community under supervision.
In contrast, 60.0% of the 20 Dangerous Sexual Offenders were in custody and all (3) of the Habitual Offenders were in the community under supervision. There is one Habitual Offender included in the Designation and Life grouping, this offender was in the community under supervision as well.

Note:

*Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences may both result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example, for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period. The Dangerous Sexual Offender and Habitual Offender designations were replaced with Dangerous Offender Legislation in 1977.

In-Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility. In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Table C14
	Total Offender Population		Current Status
			In Custody in a CSC Facility	In Community Under Supervision
			Incarcerated	Day Parole	Full Parole	Other***
	#	%
Offenders with a life sentence for:
1^st Degree Murder	1,139	5.0	935	43	161	0
2^nd Degree Murder	3,400	14.8	1,947	203	1,250	0
Other Offences*	206	0.9	129	8	69	0
Total	4,745	20.7	3,011	254	1,480	0

Offenders with indeterminate sentences resulting from the special designation of:
Dangerous Offender	532	2.3	511	12	9	0
Dangerous Sexual Offender	20	0.1	12	0	8	0
Habitual Offenders	3	0.0	0	0	3	0
Total	555	2.4	523	12	20	0

Offenders serving an indeterminate sentence (due to a special designation) and a life sentence (due to an offence):
	21	0.1	19	0	2	0
Total offenders with Life and/or Indeterminate sentence	5,321	23.2	3,553	266	1,502	0
Offenders Serving Determinate sentences**	17,614	76.8	11,321	1,083	1,799	3,420
Total	22,935	100.0	14,865	1,349	3,301	3,420

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*“Other offences” include Schedule 1, Schedule 2 and Non-Schedule types of offences.

**This includes 70 offenders designated as Dangerous Offenders who are serving determinate sentences.

***“Other” in the Community Under Supervision includes offenders on statutory release or on a long term supervision order.

Among the 21 offenders serving an indeterminate sentence (due to a special designation) and a life sentence (due to an offence), there was one Habitual Offender.

Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period. The Dangerous Sexual Offender and Habitual Offender designations were replaced with Dangerous Offender legislation in 1977.

The data reflect the total offender population which includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days. In-Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility. In Community Under Supervision includes all act ive offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

69% of offenders are serving a sentence for a violent offence*

Figure C15

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

At the end fiscal year 2014-15, Aboriginal offenders were more likely to be serving a sentence for a violent offence (78.6% for Aboriginal versus 66.1% for non-Aboriginal).
73.5% of Aboriginal women offenders were serving a sentence for a violent offence compared to 47.2% of non-Aboriginal women offenders.
Of those offenders serving a sentence for Murder, 4.5% were women and 19.8% were Aboriginal.
A greater proportion of Aboriginal offenders than non-Aboriginal offenders were serving a sentence for a Schedule I offence (60.5% versus 45.6%, respectively).
9.3% of Aboriginal offenders were serving a sentence for a Schedule II offence compared to 19.4% of non-Aboriginal offenders.
26.9% of women were serving a sentence for a Schedule II offence compared to 16.7% for men.

Note:

*Violent offences include Murder I, Murder II and Schedule I offences.

Schedule I is comprised of sexual offences and other violent crimes excluding first and second degree murder (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

Schedule II is comprised of serious drug offences or conspiracy to commit serious drug offences (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

In cases where the offender is serving a sentence for more than one offence, the data reflect the most serious offence.

Table C15
Offence Category	Aboriginal			Non-Aboriginal			Total
Offence Category	Women	Men	Total	Women	Men	Total	Women	Men	Total
Murder I	10	205	215	34	908	942	44	1,113	1,157
Percent	2.8	4.4	4.3	41	5.3	5.3	3.7	5.1	5.0

Murder II	54	637	691	108	2,616	2,724	162	3,253	3,415
Percent	15.2	13.7	13.8	13.0	15.3	15.2	13.6	15.0	14.9

Schedule I	197	2,840	3,037	251	7,920	8,171	448	10,760	11,208
Percent	55.5	60.9	60.5	30.1	46.4	45.6	37.7	49.5	48.9

Schedule II	53	413	466	267	3,210	3,477	320	3,623	3,943
Percent	14.9	8.9	9.3	32.1	18.8	19.4	26.9	16.7	17.2

Non-Schedule	41	566	607	173	2,432	2,605	214	2,998	3,212
Percent	11.5	12.1	12.1	20.8	14.2	14.5	18.0	13.8	14.0
	355	4,661		833	17,086		1,188	21,747
Total	5,016			17,919			22,935

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Violent offences include Murder I, Murder II and Schedule I offences.

Schedule I is comprised of sexual offences and other violent crimes excluding first and second degree murder (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

Schedule II is comprised of serious drug offences or conspiracy to commit serious drug offences (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

In cases where the offender is serving a sentence for more than one offence, the data reflect the most serious offence.

The data reflect the total offender population, which includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The number of Aboriginal offenders has increased

Figure C16

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

From 2005-06 to 2014-15, the in-custody Aboriginal offender population increased by 44.8%, while the total Aboriginal offender population increased 41.1% over the same time period.
The number of in-custody Aboriginal women offenders increased steadily from 141 in 2005-06 to 240 in 2014-15, an increase of 70.2% in the last ten years. The increase for in-custody Aboriginal men offenders was 43.3% for the same period, increasing from 2,387 to 3,420.
From 2005-06 to 2014-15, the number of Aboriginal offenders on community supervision increased 32.2%, from 1,026 to 1,356. The Aboriginal community population accounted for 16.8% of the total community population in 2014-15.

Note:

In-Custody Population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision Population includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Regional statistics for Correctional Service Canada account for data relating to the northern territories in the following manner: data for Nunavut are reported in the Ontario Region, data for the Northwest Territories are reported in the Prairies Region, and data for the Yukon Territories are reported in the Pacific Region.

Table C16
Aboriginal Offenders		Fiscal Year
Aboriginal Offenders		2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
In Custody
Atlantic Region	Men	117	131	153	181	174
	Women	10	17	15	14	11
Quebec Region	Men	329	375	382	419	441
	Women	11	12	13	17	21
Ontario Region	Men	439	488	494	440	441
	Women	41	37	35	36	33
Prairie Region	Men	1,633	1,665	1,778	1,682	1,759
	Women	104	118	109	113	138
Pacific Region	Men	480	504	554	602	605
	Women	30	32	33	38	37
National Total	Men	2,998	3,163	3,361	3,324	3,420
	Women	196	216	205	218	240
	Total	3,194	3,379	3,566	3,542	3,660

In Community Under Supervision
Atlantic Region	Men	44	32	42	50	60
	Women	9	8	12	11	12
Quebec Region	Men	87	116	121	134	158
	Women	5	2	2	7	12
Ontario Region	Men	154	138	157	181	180
	Women	20	24	20	20	21
Prairie Region	Men	501	492	582	584	574
	Women	50	52	55	63	53
Pacific Region	Men	207	228	233	251	269
	Women	14	17	15	17	17
National Total	Men	993	1,006	1,135	1,200	1,241
	Women	98	103	104	118	115
	Total	1,091	1,109	1,239	1,318	1,356

Total In Custody & In Community Under Supervision		4,285	4,488	4,805	4,860	5,016

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

Regional statistics for the Correctional Service of Canada account for data relating to the northern territories in the following manner: data for Nunavut are reported in the Ontario Region, data for the Northwest Territories are reported in the Prairies region, and data for the Yukon Territories are reported in the Pacific Region.

The total number of admissions to administrative segregation has fluctuated

Figure C17

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Over the past five years, the total number of admissions to administrative segregation has fluctuated between 8,091 and 8,323. In 2014-15, 94.5% of the total admissions were men, and admissions of Aboriginal offenders accounted for 30.5%.
At the end of fiscal year 2014-15, there were 660 offenders in administrative segregation. Of these, 651 were men and 9 were women. A total of 195 Aboriginal offenders were in administrative segregation.

Note:

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission. Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

Administrative segregation is the involuntary or voluntary separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision.

Voluntary administrative segregation is when the inmate requests placement in administrative segregation, and the Institutional Head believes, on reasonable grounds, that the continued presence of the inmate in the general population would jeopardize the inmate's own safety and that there is no reasonable alternative to placement in administrative segregation.

Involuntary administrative segregation is when the placement meets the requirements of subsection 31(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act and the placement in administrative segregation is not voluntary.

Table C17
Year and Type of Administrative Segregation	By Gender			By Race
Year and Type of Administrative Segregation	Women	Men	Total	Aboriginal	Non-Aboriginal	Total
2010-11
Involuntary	384	6,293	6,677	1,846	4,831	6,677
Voluntary	12	1,402	1,414	457	957	1,414
Total	396	7,695	8,091	2,303	5,788	8,091

2011-12
Involuntary	393	6,548	6,941	1,844	5,097	6,941
Voluntary	24	1,358	1,382	443	939	1,382
Total	417	7,906	8,323	2,287	6,036	8,323

2012-13
Involuntary	390	6,322	6,712	1,957	4,755	6,712
Voluntary	26	1,483	1,509	522	987	1,509
Total	416	7,805	8,221	2,479	5,742	8,221

2013-14
Involuntary	331	6,248	6,579	1,891	4,688	6,579
Voluntary	16	1,542	1,558	552	1,006	1,558
Total	347	7,790	8,137	2,443	5,694	8,137

2014-15
Involuntary	442	6,284	6,726	1,962	4,764	6,726
Voluntary	19	1,574	1,593	573	1,020	1,593
Total	461	7,858	8,319	1,535	5,784	8,319

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

67% of admissions to administrative segregation stay for less than 30 days

Figure C18

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Most (67.3%) placements in administrative segregation ended in 30 days or less, and 17.0% lasted between 30 and 60 days. 5.9% of placements to administrative segregation lasted more than 120 days.
97.0% of placements of women stayed in administrative segregation for less than 30 days.
The number of admissions to administrative segregation that resulted in placements lasting more than 120 days in administrative segregation was slightly higher for Aboriginal (6.9%) than for non-Aboriginal offenders (5.4%).

Note:

Table C18
Length of Stay in Administrative Segregation	By Gender				By Race
Length of Stay in Administrative Segregation	Women		Men		Aboriginal		Non-Aboriginal		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
2014-15
< 30 days	446	97.0	5,221	65.6	1,706	65.9	3,961	68.0	5,667	67.3
30-60 days	12	2.6	1,419	17.8	430	16.6	1,001	17.2	1,431	17.0
61-90 days	1	0.2	508	6.4	171	6.6	338	5.8	509	6.0
91-120 days	0	0.0	311	3.9	103	4.0	208	3.6	311	3.7
> 120 days	1	0.2	496	6.2	180	6.9	317	5.4	497	5.9
Total	460	100.0	7,955	100.0	2,590	100.0	5,825	100.0	8,415	100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The number of offender deaths while in custody has fluctuated

Figure C19

Source: Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

In the ten-year period from 2004-05 to 2013-14, 519 federal offenders and 380 provincial offenders have died while in custody.
During this time period, suicides accounted for 16.2% of federal offender deaths and 24.5% of provincial offender deaths. The suicide rate was approximately 68 per 100,000 for incarcerated federal offenders, and approximately 40 per 100,000 for incarcerated provincial offenders**. These rates are significantly higher than Canada's 2007 rate of 10.2 suicides per 100,000 people.
Between 2004-05 and 2013-14, 4.4% of the federal offender deaths were due to homicide, whereas homicide accounted for 1.3% of provincial offender deaths. The homicide rate for incarcerated federal offenders was approximately 21 per 100,000 and 2.2 per 100,000 for incarcerated provincial offenders**. These rates are significantly higher than the national homicide rate of 1.6 per 100,000 people in 2007.

Note:

*Other causes of death include: natural causes, accidental deaths, death as a result of a legal intervention, other causes of death and where cause of death was not stated.

**For the calculation of rates, the total actual in-count numbers between 2004-05 and 2013-14 was used as the denominator.

The data on cause of death are subject to change following an official review or investigation, and should be used/interpreted with caution. The data presented were provided by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics at Statistics Canada, and may not reflect the outcome of recent reviews or investigations on cause of death.

Table C19
Year	Type of Death
Year		Homicide		Suicide		Other*	Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#
Federal
2004-05	3	6.1	9	28.4	37	75.5	49
2005-06	3	6.1	10	20.4	36	73.5	49
2006-07	3	4.9	10	16.4	48	78.7	61
2007-08	1	2.5	5	12.5	34	85.0	40
2008-09	2	3.1	9	13.8	54	83.1	65
2009-10	1	2.0	9	18.4	39	79.6	49
2010-11	5	10.0	4	8.0	41	82.0	50
2011-12	3	5.7	8	15.1	42	79.2	53
2012-13	1	1.8	11	20.0	43	78.2	55
2013-14	1	2.1	9	18.8	38	79.2	48
Total	29	4.4	84	16.2	412	79.4	519

Provincial
2004-05	0	0.0	12	25.0	36	75.0	48
2005-06	2	4.0	20	40.0	28	56.0	50
2006-07	0	0.0	8	23.5	26	76.5	34
2007-08	0	0.0	6	20.7	23	79.3	29
2008-09	1	3.0	7	21.2	25	75.8	33
2009-10	1	2.6	5	12.8	33	84.6	39
2010-11	0	0.0	5	14.3	30	85.7	35
2011-12	0	0.0	16	42.1	22	57.9	38
2012-13	1	2.3	8	18.2	35	79.5	44
2013-14	0	0.0	6	20.0	24	80.0	30
Total	5	1.3	93	24.5	282	74.2	380

Total Federal and Provincial Offender Deaths	28	3.1	177	19.7	694	77.2	899

Source: Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Note:

*Other causes of death include: natural causes, accidental deaths, death as a result of a legal intervention, other causes of death and where cause of death was not stated.

Percent calculation include deaths where the cause was unknown. Between 2001-02 and 2013-14, there were 54 deaths in federal custody and 129 deaths in provincial custody where the cause was unknown.

The number of escapes was stable in 2014-15

Figure C20

Source: Security, Correctional Service Canada.

In 2014-15, there were 13 escape incidents involving a total of 13 offenders. Ten of the 13 offenders were recaptured. The last two years have represented the lowest number of escape incidents in the past 10 years.
In 2014-15, all of the escapees were from minimum security facilities.
Offenders who escaped from federal institutions in 2014-15 represented less than 0.1% of the incustody population.

Note:

The data represent the number of escape incidents from federal facilities during each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C20
Type of Escapes	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
Escapes from Multi-level Security	0	0	0	0	0
Number of Escapees	0	0	0	0	0
Escapes from Maximum Security	0	0	0	0	0
Number of Escapees	0	0	0	0	0
Escapes from Medium Security	0	0	0	1	0
Number of Escapees	0	0	0	1	0
Escapes from Minimum Security	14	15	18	10	13
Number of Escapees	17	16	24	12	13
Total Number of Escape Incidents	14	15	18	11	13
Total Number of Escapees	17	16	24	13	13

Source: Security, Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The data represents the number of escape incidents from federal facilities during each fiscal year. An escape can involve more than one offender.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The population of offenders in the community under supervision has increased in the past 2 years

Figure C21

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Over the past five years, the total offender population supervised in the community increased by 1.8%. For the same period, the total number of offenders on full parole fell by 12.1% while the proportion of offenders on statutory release increased by 12.5%.
At the end of fiscal year 2014-2015, there were 7,195 men and 505 women on active community supervision.

Note:

*These cases reflect the number of offenders on active supervision at fiscal year end. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The data reflect the offender population in the community under supervision which includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data presented above do not include offenders who were on long term supervision orders (See Figure/Table E4).

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

Table C21
Year	Supervision Type of Offenders
	Day Parole		Full Parole		Statutory Release		Totals			% change*
	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Both	Both
2005-06	85	1,096	306	3,407	79	2,298	470	6,801	7,271	0.4
2006-07	108	1,071	319	3,493	80	2,426	507	6,990	7,497	3.1
2007-08	114	1,062	326	3,477	112	2,395	552	6,934	7,486	-0.1
2008-09	106	1,017	343	3,421	113	2,682	562	7,120	7,682	2.6
2009-10	108	1,084	329	3,419	94	2,612	531	7,115	7,646	-0.5
2010-11	79	1,017	314	3,443	109	2,601	502	7,061	7,563	-1.1
2011-12	123	1,123	257	3,155	127	2,668	507	6,946	7,453	-1.5
2012-13	116	1,108	225	2,932	137	2,805	478	6,845	7,323	-1.7
2013-14	106	1,105	225	3,014	153	2,874	484	6,993	7,477	2.1
2014-15	115	1,234	239	3,062	151	2,899	505	7,195	7,700	3.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The data presented above do not include offenders who were on long term supervision orders (See Figure/Table E4).

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

*Percent change is measured from the previous year.

These cases reflect the number of offenders on active supervision at fiscal year end. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Provincial/territorial community corrections population decreased in 2013-14

Figure C22

Provincial/territorial community corrections population decreased in 2011-12 - average monthly offender counts

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

The provincial/territorial community corrections population decreased in the last three years. Since 2010-11, it has decreased 17.3% from 114,794 in 2010-11 to 94,982 in 2013-14.
Since the introduction of the conditional sentence as a sentencing option in September 1996, the number of offenders serving a conditional sentence had increased steadily until 2002-03. In the years since, the number of offenders serving a conditional sentence has fluctuated.
In 2013-14, the total number of offenders on probation was 84,905, the lowest is has been in the past decade.

Note:

A conditional sentence is a disposition of the court where the offender serves a term of imprisonment in the community under specified conditions. This type of sentence can only be imposed in cases where the term of imprisonment would be less than two years. Conditional sentences have been a provincial and territorial sentencing option since September 1996.

Table C22
Year	Average Monthly Offender Counts on Probation	Average Monthly Offender Counts on Conditional Sentence	Total
2004-05	92,922	13,213	106,135
2005-06	92,004	13,252	105,256
2006-07	93,754	12,776	106,530
2007-08	96,795	12,535	108,330
2008-09	97,529	13,124	110,653
2009-10	99,498	13,105	112,603
2010-11	101,825	12,969	114,794
2011-12	98,843	12,616	111,459
2012-13	96,115	12,202	108,317
2013-14	84,905	10,077	94,982

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

The number of offenders on provincial parole increased in 2013-14

Figure C23

The number of offenders on provincial parole has decreased over the past decade - number of offenders on provincial parole (average monthly counts)

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

The number of offenders on provincial parole increased 11.0% from 769 offenders in 2012-13 to 853 in 2013-14.
Over the past ten years, there has been a 13.5% decrease in the number of offenders on provincial parole, from 986 in 2004-05 to 853 in 2013-14.

Note:

Provincial parole boards operate in Quebec and Ontario. On April 1, 2007, the Parole Board of Canada assumed responsibility for parole decisions relating to offenders serving sentences in British Columbia's provincial correctional facilities. The Parole Board of Canada has jurisdiction over granting parole to provincial offenders in the Atlantic and Prairie provinces, British Columbia, and to territorial offenders in the Yukon, Nunavut and Northwest Territories.

Table C23
Year	Average Monthly Counts on Provincial Parole
	Provincial Boards				Parole Board of Canada**	Total	Percent Change
	Quebec	Ontario	British Columbia*	Total	Parole Board of Canada**	Total	Percent Change
2004-05	517	127	166	810	176	986	-8,3
2005-06	628	152	147	926	163	1,089	10.4
2006-07	593	142	120	855	136	991	-9.0
2007-08	581	205	n/a	785	237	1,022	3.1
2008-09	533	217	n/a	750	190	940	-8.0
2009-10	506	194	n/a	700	168	868	-7.7
2010-11	482	171	n/a	653	167	820	-5.6
2011-12	481	179	n/a	660	144	804	-2.0
2012-13	462	164	n/a	626	143	769	-4.4
2013-14	527	172	n/a	699	154	853	11.0

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*On April 1, 2007, the Parole Board of Canada assumed responsibility for parole decisions relating to offenders serving sentences in British Columbia's provincial correctional facilities.

**The data represent the number of provincial offenders who are released from custody on the authority of the Parole Board of Canada and supervised by the Correctional Service of Canada.

Provincial parole boards operate in Quebec and Ontario. The Parole Board of Canada has jurisdiction over granting parole to provincial offenders in the Atlantic and Prairie provinces, British Columbia, and to territorial offenders in the Yukon, Nunavut and Northwest Territories.

Section D: Conditional Release

The percentage of offenders released from federal penitentiaries at statutory release decreased in the past two years

Figure D1

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In fiscal year 2014-15, 70.8% of all releases from federal institutions were at statutory release.
In fiscal year 2014-15, 84.0% of releases for Aboriginal offenders were at statutory release compared to 66.0% of releases for Non-Aboriginal offenders.
Over the past ten years, the percentage of releases at statutory release increased from 66.6% to 70.8%.

Note:

*Percentage is calculated based on the number of statutory releases compared to the total releases for each offender group.

The data includes all releases from federal penitentiaries in a given fiscal year excluding offenders with quashed sentences, offenders who died in custody LTSO releases, offenders released at warrant expiry and offenders transferred to foreign countries. An offender may be released more than once a year in cases where a previous release was subject to revocation, suspension, temporary detention, or interruption.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table D1
	Aboriginal			Non-Aboriginal			Total Offender Population
Year	Statutory Release	Total Releases	Percent*	Statutory Release	Total Releases	Percent*	Statutory Release	Total Releases	Percent*
2005-06	1,209	1,602	75.5%	4,008	6,232	64.3%	5,217	7,834	66.6%
2006-07	1,215	1,556	78.1%	4,035	6,149	65.6%	5,250	7,705	68.1%
2007-08	1,370	1,704	80.4%	4,116	6,275	65.6%	5,486	7,979	68.8%
2008-09	1,427	1,710	83.5%	4,338	6,429	67.5%	5,765	8,139	70.8%
2009-10	1,380	1,692	81.6%	4,172	6,175	67.6%	5,552	7,867	70.6%
2010-11	1,283	1,544	83.1%	3,811	5,759	66.2%	5,094	7,303	69.8%
2011-12	1,405	1,699	82.7%	3,922	5,605	70.0%	5,327	7,304	72.9%
2012-13	1,531	1,848	82.8%	4,022	5,678	70.8%	5,553	7,526	73.8%
2013-14	1,630	1,936	84.2%	4,005	5,775	69.4%	5,635	7,711	73.1%
2014-15	1,665	1,981	84.0%	3,671	5,558	66.0%	5,336	7,539	70.8%

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Note:

*Percentage is calculated based on the number of statutory releases compared to the total releases for each offender group.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The percentage of offenders released from federal penitentiaries on day and full parole increased in the past two years

Figure D2

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In fiscal year 2014-15, 26.8% of all releases from federal institutions were on day parole and 2.5% were on full parole.
In fiscal year 2014-15, 15.4% of releases for Aboriginal offenders were on day parole and 0.5% were on full parole compared to 30.8% and 3.2%, respectively for Non-Aboriginal offenders.
Over the past ten years, the percentage of releases on day parole decreased from 30.1% to 26.8% and the percentage of releases on full parole decreased from 3.3% to 2.5%.

Note:

Percentage is calculated based on the number of day and full paroles compared to the total releases for each offender group.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table D2
		Aboriginal			Non-Aboriginal			Total Offender Population
Year		Day Parole	Full Parole	Total Releases	Day Parole	Full Parole	Total Releases	Day Parole	Full Parole	Total Releases
2005-06	#	370	23	1,602	1,990	234	6,232	2,360	257	7,834
	%	23.1%	1.4%		31.9%	3.8%		30.1%	3.3%
2006-07	#	326	15	1,556	1,933	181	6,149	2,259	196	7,705
	%	21.0%	1.0%		31.4%	2.9%		29.3%	2.5%
2007-08	#	316	18	1,704	1,984	175	6,275	2,300	193	7,979
	%	18.5%	1.1%		31.6%	2.8%		28.8%	2.4%
2008-09	#	267	16	1,710	1,873	218	6,429	2,140	234	8,139
	%	15.6%	0.9%		29.1%	3.4%		26.3%	2.9%
2009-10	#	299	13	1,692	1,839	164	6,175	2,138	177	7,867
	%	17.7%	0.8%		29.8%	2.7%		27.2%	2.2%
2010-11	#	249	12	1,544	1,810	138	5,759	2,059	150	7,303
	%	16.1%	0.8%		31.4%	2.4%		28.2%	2.1%
2011-12	#	281	13	1,699	1,567	116	5,605	1,848	129	7,304
	%	16.5%	0.8%		28.0%	2.1%		25.3%	1.8%
2012-13	#	308	9	1,848	1,564	110	5,678	1,854	119	7,526
	%	16.7%	0.5%		27.2%	1.9%		24.6%	1.6%
2013-14	#	288	18	1,936	1,624	146	5,775	1,912	164	7,711
	%	14.9%	0.9%		28.1%	2.5%		24.8%	2.1%
2014-15	#	306	10	1,981	1,711	176	5,558	2,017	186	7,539
	%	15.4%	0.5%		30.8%	3.2%		26.8%	2.5%

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Note:

Percentage is calculated based on the number of day and full paroles compared to the total releases for each offender group.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The federal day and full parole grant rates increased in 2014-15

Figure D3

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Compared to the grant rates in 2010-11, the lowest in the last decade, the federal day and full parole grant rates increased (8.8% and 13.8%, respectively) in 2014-15.
Over the last 10 years, women offenders were more likely to be granted day and full parole than men offenders.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Grant rates should be read with caution. Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effect between 2011-12 and 2014-15. A sufficiently large proportion of APR-affected population were granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

Table D3
Type of Release	Year	Granted		Denied		Grant Rate (%)			APR*
Type of Release	Year	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Total	Directed	Total
Day Parole	2005-06	128	2,111	25	719	83.7	74.6	75.1	970	1,345
	2006-07	143	2,039	31	876	82.2	69.9	70.6	984	1,428
	2007-08	162	2,001	22	776	88.0	72.1	73.0	977	1,482
	2008-09	135	1,908	24	825	84.9	69.8	70.6	1,000	1,525
	2009-10	151	1,959	40	967	79.1	67.0	67.7	947	1,491
	2010-11	134	1,856	40	1,151	77.0	61.7	62.6	970	1,591
	2011-12	248	2,492	64	1,443	79.5	63.3	64.5	0	0
	2012-13	287	2,823	71	1,417	80.2	66.6	67.6	14	21
	2013-14	244	2,828	52	1,274	82.4	69.8	69.8	39	47
	2014-15	293	3,026	51	1,281	85.2	70.3	71.4	38	45
Full Parole	2005-06	38	533	67	1,924	36.2	21.7	22.3	1,057	1,066
	2006-07	41	523	81	2,035	33.6	20.4	21.0	1,038	1,042
	2007-08	40	490	70	1,990	36.4	19.8	20.5	1,030	1,036
	2008-09	43	495	61	2,017	41.3	19.7	20.6	1,097	1,100
	2009-10	32	459	89	2,077	26.4	18.1	18.5	1,004	1,010
	2010-11	20	435	85	2,206	19.0	16.5	16.6	1,046	1,059
	2011-12	76	643	126	2,317	37.6	21.7	22.7	0	0
	2012-13	90	913	141	2,329	39.0	28.2	28.9	26	26
	2013-14	84	901	103	2,201	44.9	29.0	29.9	126	142
	2014-15	87	965	106	2,305	45.1	29.5	30.4	119	137

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

*On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions were excluded from grant rates. However information on APR (those who were directed and total eligible) is included separately in the table for the reader. Grant rates should be read with caution. Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effect between 2011-12 and 2014-15. A sufficiently large proportion of APR-affected population were granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

The federal day parole grant rate for Aboriginal offenders increased in 2014-15

Figure D4

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2014-15, the federal day parole grant rates increased for Aboriginal offenders; however, the federal full parole grant rates decreased.
In 2014-15, the federal full parole and day parole grant rates for non-Aboriginal offenders slightly increased from 2013-14.
In 2014-15, the grant rates for Aboriginal offenders continue to be lower compared to non-Aboriginal offenders for federal day parole (68.2% versus 72.0%, respectively) and full parole (19.4% versus 32.4%, respectively).

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions were excluded. Grant rates should be read with caution. Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effect between 2011-12 and 2014-15. A sufficiently large proportion of APR-affected population were granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

Table D4
Type of Release	Year	Aboriginal			Non-Aboriginal			Total Number Granted/Denied
Type of Release	Year	Number Granted	Number Denied	Grant Rate (%)	Number Granted	Number Denied	Grant Rate (%)	Total Number Granted/Denied
Day Parole	2005-06	490	122	80.1	1,749	622	73.8	2,983
	2006-07	447	169	72.6	1,735	738	70.2	3,089
	2007-08	403	126	76.2	1,760	672	72.4	2,961
	2008-09	380	156	70.9	1,663	693	70.6	2,892
	2009-10	398	200	66.6	1,712	807	68.0	3,117
	2010-11	367	282	56.5	1,623	909	64.1	3,181
	2011-12	449	335	57.3	2,291	1,172	66.2	4,247
	2012-13	541	312	63.4	2,569	1,176	68.6	4,598
	2013-14	512	290	63.8	2,560	1,036	71.2	4,398
	2014-15	550	256	68.2	2,769	1,076	72.0	4,651
Full Parole	2005-06	105	389	21.3	466	1,602	22.5	2,562
	2006-07	76	400	16.0	488	1,716	22.1	2,680
	2007-08	82	349	19.0	448	1,711	20.8	2,590
	2008-09	73	385	15.9	465	1,693	21.5	2,616
	2009-10	50	396	11.2	441	1,770	19.9	2,657
	2010-11	71	470	13.1	384	1,821	17.4	2,746
	2011-12	74	453	14.0	645	1,990	24.5	3,162
	2012-13	99	464	17.6	904	2,006	31.1	3,473
	2013-14	118	417	22.1	867	1,887	31.5	3,289
	2014-15	105	435	19.4	947	1,976	32.4	3,463

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Federal parole hearings involving an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor decreased

Figure D5

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2014-15, the number of federal hearings involving an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor decreased to 367 (-2%) compared to 2013-14, and was the lowest of the last 10 years.
In 2014-15, 37.8% (326) of all federal hearings for Aboriginal offenders were held with an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor.
In 2014-15, 1.1% (41) of all federal hearings for offenders who did not self-identify as Aboriginal were held with an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor.

Note:

The presence of an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor is an alternative approach to the traditional parole hearing, and was introduced by the Parole Board of Canada to ensure that conditional release hearings were sensitive to Aboriginal cultural values and traditions. This type of hearing is available to both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders.

Table D5
Year	Hearings held with an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor
	Aboriginal Offenders			Non-Aboriginal Offenders			All Offenders
	Total Hearings	With Cultural Advisor		Total Hearings	With Cultural Advisor		Total Hearings	With Cultural Advisor
	#	#	%	#	#	%	#	#	%
2005-06	1,410	642	45.5	5,169	100	1.9	6,579	742	11.3
2006-07	1,367	606	44.3	5,269	79	1.5	6,636	685	10.3
2007-08	1,252	471	37.6	4,749	50	1.1	6,001	521	8.7
2008-09	1,204	425	35.3	4,416	53	1.2	5,620	478	8.5
2009-10	1,160	361	31.1	4,520	59	1.3	5,680	420	7.4
2010-11	1,193	437	36.6	4,387	52	1.2	5,580	489	8.8
2011-12	1,209	423	35.0	4,702	47	1.0	5,911	470	8.0
2012-13	1,275	424	33.3	4,685	45	1.0	5,960	469	7.9
2013-14	878	340	38.7	3,724	35	0.9	4,602	375	8.1
2014-15	863	326	37.8	3,873	41	1.1	4,736	367	7.7

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Proportion of sentence served prior to being released on parole decreased

Figure D6

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2014-15, the average proportion of sentence served before the first parole release for offenders serving determinate sentences decreased to 37.6% (-0.4%) for day parole and to 45.6% (-0.9%) for full parole, compared to the previous year.
In 2014-15, female offenders served an average of 1.3% less of their sentences before the first federal full parole supervision than male offenders compared to 2.8% in 2013-14.
In 2014-15, female offenders and male offenders served an average of 6.7% and 5.0% more of their sentences before the first federal day parole supervision and 8.3% and 6.4% more of their sentences before the first federal full parole supervision, compared to 2005-06.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole.

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at 6 months before full parole eligibility.

The increases in the average proportion of time served after 2010-11 are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Table D6
Year	Type of Supervision
	First Day Parole			First Full Parole
	Women	Men	Total	Women	Men	Total
	Percentage of sentence incarcerated
2005-06	28.5	32.9	32.5	36.1	39.3	38.9
2006-07	27.4	33.2	32.6	37.2	39.3	39.1
2007-08	30.3	32.3	32.1	37.9	38.4	38.4
2008-09	28.2	32.4	31.9	36.6	38.7	38.5
2009-10	29.5	33.2	32.8	36.1	38.5	38.2
2010-11	29.2	31.8	31.5	36.6	38.1	37.9
2011-12	35.0	38.1	37.8	40.3	41.7	41.6
2012-13	38.9	38.3	38.4	45.6	46.8	46.7
2013-14	34.9	38.3	38.0	44.0	46.8	46.5
2013-14	35.2	37.9	37.6	44.4	45.7	45.6

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Aboriginal offenders serve a higher proportion of their sentences before being released on parole

Figure D7

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2014-15, the average proportions of time served before the first federal day parole supervision period and the first federal full parole supervision period were lower for non-Aboriginal offenders than for Aboriginal offenders (37.1% versus 40.9%, and 45.5% versus 47.2%, respectively).

Note:

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Table D7
Year	Type of Supervision
	First Day Parole			First Full Parole
	Aboriginal	Non-Aboriginal	Total	Aboriginal	Non-Aboriginal	Total
	Percentage of sentence incarcerated
2005-06	36.6	31.8	32.5	42.3	38.5	38.9
2006-07	37.4	31.9	32.6	41.1	38.9	39.1
2007-08	38.4	31.1	32.1	41.2	38.1	38.4
2008-09	38.3	31.0	31.9	41.0	38.2	38.5
2009-10	38.9	31.8	32.8	41.2	37.9	38.2
2010-11	37.2	30.8	31.5	41.8	37.5	37.9
2011-12	41.8	37.1	37.8	44.0	41.4	41.6
2012-13	42.1	37.7	38.4	48.8	46.5	46.7
2013-14	43.0	37.1	38.0	49.0	46.2	46.5
2014-15	40.9	37.1	37.6	47.2	45.5	45.6

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

The majority of federal day paroles are successfully completed

Figure D8

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Since 2005-06, over 80% of federal day paroles have been successfully completed.
In 2014-15, the successful completion rate of federal day parole was 90.9%, the highest of the last 10 years and 1.6% higher than in 2013-14.
During the five-year period between 2010-11 and 2014-15, the successful completion rate for offenders released on APR day parole was higher (90.4%) than for offenders released on regular day parole (88.8%).
In 2014-15, 0.9% of federal day paroles ended with a non-violent offence, none ended with a violent offence.
In 2014-15, the successful completion rate of federal day parole was higher for male offenders than for female offenders (91.1% versus 89.4%, respectively).

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A day parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

Table D8
Federal Full Parole Outcomes*	2010-11		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14		2014-15
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Successful Completion
Regular	1,750	86.8	1,912	87.4	2,737	88.6	2,765	89.3	2,770	90.8
Accelerated	871	90.2	364	89.2	21	95.5	27	100.0	36	100.0
Total	2,621	87.9	2,276	87.7	2,758	88.6	2,792	89.3	2,806	90.9
Revocation for Breach of Conditions**
Regular	214	10.6	232	10.6	288	9.3	293	9.5	253	8.3
Accelerated	72	7.5	35	8.6	1	4.5	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	286	9.6	267	10.3	289	9.3	293	9.4	253	8.2
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence
Regular	41	2.0	37	1.7	59	1.9	34	1.1	27	0.9
Accelerated	23	2.4	8	2.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	64	2.1	45	1.7	59	1.9	34	1.1	27	0.9
Revocation with Violent Offence***
Regular	10	0.5	7	0.3	6	0.2	6	0.2	0	0.0
Accelerated	0	0.0	1	0.2	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	10	0.3	8	0.3	6	0.2	6	0.2	0	0.0
Total
Regular	2,015	67.6	2,188	84.3	3,090	99.3	3,098	99.1	3,050	98.8
Accelerated	966	32.4	408	15.7	22	0.7	27	0.9	36	1.2
Total	2,981	100.0	2,596	100.0	3,112	100.0	3,125	100.0	3,086	100.0

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

**Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

A day parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

The majority of federal full paroles are successfully completed

Figure D9

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2014-15, the successful completion rate of federal full parole was 87.2%, an increase of 10.9% compared to 2010-11.
In the last five years, the successful completion rate on regular full parole was on average 2.1% higher (82.9% compared to 80.8%) than the rate on APR full parole.
In 2014-15, 2.7% of federal full paroles ended with a non-violent offence and none with a violent offence. That represents a decrease of 0.8% and 0.5% compared to 2013-14.
In 2014-15, the successful completion rate of federal full parole was higher for female offenders than for male offenders (93.1% versus 86.8%, respectively).

Note:

*Excludes offenders serving indeterminate sentences because they do not have a warrant expiry date and can only successfully complete full parole upon [their] death.

**Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A full parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

Table D9
Federal Full Parole Outcomes*	2010-11		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14		2014-15
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Successful Completion
Regular	360	80.2	335	82.5	425	80.0	578	81.9	731	87.2
Accelerated	663	74.4	668	76.8	589	89.0	246	93.2	96	87.3
Total	1,023	76.3	1,023	78.6	1,014	85.0	824	84.9	827	87.2
Revocation for Breach of Conditions**
Regular	55	12.2	54	13.3	78	14.7	93	13.2	83	9.9
Accelerated	168	18.9	146	16.3	50	7.6	14	5.3	12	10.9
Total	223	16.6	200	15.4	128	10.7	107	11.0	95	10.0
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence
Regular	26	5.8	15	3.7	22	4.1	30	4.2	24	2.9
Accelerated	54	6.1	57	6.4	22	3.3	4	1.5	2	1.8
Total	80	6.0	72	5.5	44	3.7	34	3.5	26	2.7
Revocation with Violent Offence***
Regular	8	1.8	2	0.5	6	1.1	5	0.7	0	0.0
Accelerated	6	0.7	5	0.6	1	0.2	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	14	1.0	7	0.5	7	0.6	5	0.5	0	0.0
Total
Regular	449	33.5	406	31.2	531	44.5	706	72.8	838	88.4
Accelerated	891	66.5	896	68.8	662	55.5	264	27.2	100	11.6
Total	1,340	100.0	1,302	100.0	1,193	100.0	970	100.0	948	100.0

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Excludes offenders serving indeterminate sentences because they do not have a warrant expiry date and can only successfully complete full parole upon [their] death.

**Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

***Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

A full parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

Statutory releases have the lowest rate of successful completion

Figure D10

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Over the past ten years, the successful completion rate for offenders on statutory release increased from 56.7% to 63.4%.
In 2014-15, 6.9% of statutory releases ended with a non-violent offence and 0.9% with a violent offence. This represents a decrease of 2.7% and 1.3% compared to 2010-/11.
Over the last five years, the successful completion rates of statutory releases were higher for female offenders than for male offenders. In 2014-15, female offenders registered a success rate 2.1% higher than male offenders (65.4% versus 63.3%). When compared with the year 2010-11, the successful completion rate of statutory releases for female offenders decreased by 2.0% (from 67.4% to 65.4%). Male offenders, however, have been more successful in their completion of statutory release compared to 2010-11, increasing their success rate by 1.8% (from 61.5% to 63.3%).

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A statutory release is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

An offender serving a determinate sentence, if he/she is not detained, will be subject to statutory release after serving 2/3 of his/her sentence if he/she is not on full parole at that time. On statutory release, an offender is subject to supervision until the end of his/her sentence.

Table D10
Statutory Release Outcomes	2010-11		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14		2014-15
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Successful Completion	3,453	61.8	3,429	61.3	3,738	60.1	3,819	61.6	3,744	63.4
Revocation for Breach of Conditions*	1,474	26.4	1,548	27.7	1,848	29.7	1,767	28.5	1,697	28.8
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence	534	9.6	487	8.7	509	8.2	514	8.3	410	6.9
Revocation with Violent Offence**	124	2.2	128	2.3	129	2.1	95	1.5	51	0.9
Total	5,585	100	5,592	100	6,224	100	6,195	100	5,902	100

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A statutory release is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

Over the past decade, the rate of violent convictions for offenders while under supervision has declined

Figure D11

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The rates of convictions per 1,000 supervised offenders for violent offences** in 2013-14 decreased by 7 for day parole, by 5 for full parole and by 31 for statutory release, compared to 2005-06.
Those offenders under discretionary release (day and full parole) are less likely to be convicted of a violent offence while under supervision than those on statutory release.

Note:

*Supervised offenders include offenders who are on parole, statutory release, those temporarily detained in federal institutions, and those who are unlawfully at large.

Day and full parole include those offenders serving determinate and indeterminate sentences.

The dotted line between 2013-14 and 2014-15 is intended to signify that due to delays in the court process, these numbers under-represent the actual number of convictions, as verdicts may not have been reached by year-end.

Table D11
Year	# of Offenders Convicted for Violent Offences				Rate per 1,000 Supervised Offenders*
Year	Day Parole	Full Parole	Statutory Release	Total	Day Parole	Full Parole	Statutory Release
2005-06	16	28	178	222	12	7	58
2006-07	25	21	213	259	19	6	67
2007-08	18	22	213	253	14	6	68
2008-09	22	17	152	191	18	4	45
2009-10	17	16	149	182	13	4	46
2010-11	10	19	124	153	8	5	38
2011-12	8	10	128	146	6	3	36
2012-13	6	11	129	146	5	3	37
2013-14	6	6	95	107	5	2	27
2014-15**	0	1	51	52	0	0	14

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Supervised offenders include offenders who are on parole, statutory release, those temporarily detained in federal institutions, and those who are unlawfully at large.

**Due to delays in the court processes, the numbers under-represent the actual number of convictions, as verdicts may not have been reached by year-end.

Day and full parole include those offenders serving determinate and indeterminate sentences.

The number of offenders granted temporary absences decreased in 2014-15

Figure D12

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The number of offenders receiving escorted temporary absences has decreased by 7.7%, from 2,734 in 2013-14 to 2,524 in 2014-15. The number of offenders receiving unescorted temporary absences decreased by 9.6%, from 447 in 2013-14 to 404 in 2014-15.
The number of offenders receiving work releases has decreased by 28.6%, from 385 in 2013-14 to 275 in 2014-15.
For the past 10 years, the average successful completion rates for escorted and unescorted temporary absences was 99% and 95% for work releases.

Note:

A temporary absence is permission given to an eligible offender to be away from the normal place of confinement for medical, administrative, community service, family contact, personal development for rehabilitative purposes, or compassionate reasons, including parental responsibilities.

A work release is a structured program of release of specified duration for work or community service outside the penitentiary, under the supervision of a staff member or other authorized person or organization.

These numbers depict the number of offenders who received at least one temporary absence permit (excluding those for medical purposes) or at least one work release. An offender may be granted more than one temporary absence permit or work release over a period of time.

Table D12
Year	Temporary Absences				Work Releases
Year	Escorted		Unescorted		Work Releases
	# of Offenders	# of Permits	# of Offenders	# of Permits	# of Offenders	# of Permits
2005-06	2,558	36,959	498	2,939	355	997
2006-07	2,519	39,422	499	4,122	340	729
2007-08	2,500	41,460	464	3,679	301	616
2008-09	2,321	36,116	431	3,649	239	654
2009-10	2,210	35,774	386	3,280	251	1,053
2010-11	2,289	40,035	351	3,095	321	1,303
2011-12	2,682	44,371	414	3,860	408	820
2012-13	2,746	47,798	443	3,693	432	766
2013-14	2,734	49,425	447	3,987	385	593
2014-15	2,524	49,332	404	3,522	275	370

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Section E: Statistics on Special Applications of Criminal Justice

The number of initial detention reviews decreased in 2014-15

Figure E1

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The annual number of initial detention reviews has been fluctuating since 2000-01.
Out of 3,741 initial detention reviews since 2000-01, 93.1% have resulted in a decision to detain.
In 2014-15, the initial detention rate was 94.3%, a decrease of 1.9% compared to 2013-14.
Since 2000-01, men accounted for 98.3% of all referrals for detention. During the same period, 64 women were referred for detention and 58 were detained.
In 2014-15, Aboriginal offenders accounted for 24.6% of the Total In Custody Population serving determinate sentences while they accounted for 42.0% of offenders referred for detention and 39.1% of offenders detained.

Note:

According to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, an offender entitled to statutory release after serving two-thirds of the sentence may be held in custody until warrant expiry if it is established that the offender is likely to commit, before the expiry of his/her sentence, an offence causing death or serious harm, a serious drug offence or a sex offence involving a child.

Table E1
Year	Outcome of Initial Detention Reviews										Total
	Detained				Statutory Release				Total
	Abor.	Non - Abor.	Total	%	Abor.	Non - Abor.	Total	%	Abor.	Non - Abor.
2000-01	69	146	215	93.9	6	8	14	6.1	75	154	229
2001-02	75	182	257	94.5	2	13	15	5.5	77	195	272
2002-03	81	164	245	86.3	14	25	39	13.7	95	189	284
2003-04	72	207	279	92.1	8	16	24	7.9	80	223	303
2004-05	70	155	225	91.1	6	16	22	8.9	76	171	247
2005-06	75	158	233	89.3	11	17	28	10.7	86	175	261
2006-07	64	158	222	88.8	4	24	28	11.2	68	182	250
2007-08	87	160	247	93.2	7	11	18	6.8	94	171	265
2008-09	105	151	256	95.9	5	6	11	4.1	110	157	267
2009-10	97	164	261	93.9	2	15	17	6.1	99	179	278
2010-11	112	127	239	94.5	5	9	14	5.5	117	136	253
2011-12	88	119	207	96.7	3	4	7	3.3	91	123	214
2012-13	90	142	232	98.3	4	0	4	1.7	94	142	236
2013-14	85	115	200	96.2	4	4	8	3.8	89	119	208
2014-15	68	96	164	94.3	5	5	10	5.7	73	101	174
Total	1,238	2,244	3,482	93.1	83	173	259	6.9	1,324	2,417	3,741

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

77% of judicial review hearings result in earlier parole eligibility

Figure E2

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Since the first judicial review hearing in 1987, there have been a total of 213 court decisions.
Of these cases, 76.5% of the court decisions resulted in a reduction of the period that must be served before parole eligibility.
Of the 788 offenders eligible to apply for a judicial review, 281 have already served 15 years of their sentence whereas 507 have not.
Of the 163 offenders who have had their parole eligibility date moved closer, 160 have reached their revised Day Parole eligibility date. Of these offenders, 151 have been released on parole, and 102 were being actively supervised in the community*.
A higher percentage of second degree (87.0%) than first degree (75.3%) murder cases have resulted in a reduction of the period required to be served before parole eligibility.

Note:

*Of the 49 offenders no longer under active supervision, 14 were in custody, 27 were deceased, six were deported, one was temporarily detained, and one was unlawfully at large.

Judicial review is an application to the court for a reduction in the time required to be served before being eligible for parole. Judicial review procedures apply to offenders who have been sentenced to imprisonment for life without eligibility for parole until more than fifteen years of their sentence has been served.

Offenders can apply when they have served at least 15 years of their sentence.

Judicial reviews are conducted in the province where the conviction took place.

Table E2
Province/Territory of Judicial Review	Parole Ineligibility Reduced by Court		Reduction Denied by Court		Total
Province/Territory of Judicial Review	1^st degree murder	2^nd degree murder	1^st degree murder	2^nd degree murder	1^st degree murder	2^nd degree murder
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nunavut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yukon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundland & Labrador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Island	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotia	1	1	1	0	2	1
New Brunswick	1	0	0	0	1	0
Quebec	66	15	4	2	70	17
Ontario	22	0	25	1	47	1
Manitoba	8	3	1	0	9	3
Saskatchewan	6	0	3	0	9	0
Alberta	19	0	7	0	26	0
British Columbia	20	1	6	0	26	1
Sub-total	143	20	47	3	190	23
Total	163		50		213

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These numbers represent total decisions as of end of fiscal year 2014-15.

Judicial reviews are conducted in the province where the conviction took place.

The number of dangerous offender designations

Figure E3

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

At the end of fiscal year 2014-15, there have been 735 offenders designated as Dangerous Offenders (DOs) since 1978. 71.4% have at least one current conviction for a sexual offence.
At the end of fiscal year 2014-15, there were 622 DOs under the responsibility of Correctional Service Canada, and of those 88.7% had indeterminate sentences.
Of these 622 DOs, 586 were in custody (representing 3.9% of the In-Custody Population) and 36 were in the community under supervision.
There were four women with a Dangerous Offender designation.
Aboriginal offenders accounted for 31.5% of DOs and 21.9% of the Total Offender Population.

Note:

*The number of Dangerous Offenders designated per year does not include overturned decisions.

Offenders who have died since receiving designations are no longer classified as "active"; however, they are still represented in the above graph, which depicts the total number of offenders "designated".

Dangerous Offender legislation came into effect in Canada on October 15, 1977, replacing the Habitual Offender and Dangerous Sexual Offender provisions that were abolished. A Dangerous Offender (DO) is an individual given an indeterminate or determinate sentence on the basis of a particularly violent crime or pattern of serious violent offences where it is judged that the offender's behaviour is unlikely to be inhibited by normal standards of behavioural restraint (see section 753 of the Criminal Code of Canada). Determinate sentences for Dangerous Offenders must be a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of two years and have an order that the offender be subject to a long-term supervision period that does not exceed 10 years.

In addition to the DOs, there were 19 Dangerous Sexual Offenders and four Habitual Offenders.

Table E3
Province/Territory of Designation	All Designations (# designated since 1978)	Active Dangerous Offenders
Province/Territory of Designation	All Designations (# designated since 1978)	# of Indeterminate Offenders	# of Determinate Offenders	Total
Newfoundland & Labrador	11	7	0	7
Nova Scotia	23	19	1	20
Prince Edward Island	0	0	0	0
New Brunswick	8	5	0	5
Quebec	90	71	11	82
Ontario	309	229	31	260
Manitoba	21	19	1	20
Saskatchewan	72	48	16	64
Alberta	58	48	2	50
British Columbia	129	95	5	100
Yukon	3	1	2	3
Northwest Territories	9	9	0	9
Nunavut	2	1	0	1
Total	735	552	70	622

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Numbers presented are as of end of fiscal year 2014-15.

The number of Dangerous Offenders declared per year does not include overturned decisions.

Offenders who have died since receiving designations are no longer classified as "active"; however, they are still represented in the total number of offenders "designated".

Most long term supervision orders are for a 10-year period

Figure E4

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

At the end of fiscal year 2014-15, the courts had imposed 980 long term supervision orders. Of these, 70.1% were for a period of 10 years.
There were 781 offenders with long term supervision orders, and of these, 492 (63.0%) had at least one current conviction for a sexual offence.
There were 14 women with long term supervision orders.
There were 413 offenders being supervised in the community on their long term supervision order at the end of fiscal year 2014-15. Of these, 335 offenders were supervised in the community, 31 offenders were temporarily detained, 44 offenders were on remand, and three offenders were unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Note:

Long Term Supervision Order (LTSO) legislation, which came into effect in Canada on August 1, 1997, allows the court to impose a sentence of two years or more for the predicate offence and order that the offender be supervised in the community for a further period not exceeding 10 years.

Fifty-one offenders under these provisions have died and 113 offenders have completed their long term supervision period.

Remand is a temporary detention of a person while awaiting trial, sentencing, or the commencement of a custodial disposition.

Table E4
Province or Territory of Order	Length of Supervision Order (years)											Current Status
Province or Territory of Order	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Total	Incarcerated	DP, FP or SR*	LTSO period	LTSO** interrupted	Total
Newfoundland & Labrador	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	7	0	1	3	1	6
Nova Scotia	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	1	0	13	19	4	0	8	2	14
Prince Edward Island	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswick	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	7	10	1	2	2	2	7
Quebec	1	1	3	2	55	15	35	10	1	198	321	95	23	126	12	256
Ontario	0	0	0	5	14	8	18	18	0	208	271	65	14	129	9	217
Manitoba	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	1	0	30	35	10	1	15	1	27
Saskatchewan	0	1	1	1	12	8	10	11	1	48	93	42	9	28	1	80
Alberta	0	0	0	0	7	1	0	1	0	61	70	22	3	30	0	55
British Columbia	0	0	0	2	12	4	5	6	0	98	127	30	8	57	4	99
Yukon	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	0	11	15	4	0	9	0	13
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	2	3	0	0	2	0	2
Nunavut	0	0	0	0	2	1	0	1	0	3	7	1	0	4	0	5
Total	1	2	5	10	112	38	73	50	2	687	980	275	61	413	32	781

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*This category includes offenders whose current status is either supervised on day parole (DP), full parole (FP) or statutory release (SR).

**This category includes offenders convicted of a new offence while on the supervision portion of an LTSO. When this occurs, the LTSO supervision period is interrupted until the offender has served the new sentence to its warrant expiry date. At that time, the LTSO supervision period resumes where it left off.

These numbers are as of end of fiscal year 2014-15.

Fifty-one offenders under these provisions have died and 113 offenders have completed their long term supervision period.

The number of record suspension applications received has decreased

Figure E5

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The number of record suspension applications received decreased from 14,253 in 2013-14 to 12,414 in 2014-15. Of these 12,414 applications, 73.1% were accepted, an increase of 5.5% compared to 2013-14.
Approximately 3.8 million Canadians have a criminal record**, but less than 11.0% of people convicted have received a pardon/record suspension. Since 1970, when the pardon process began, 494,103 pardons/record suspensions have been granted/issued or ordered.

Note:

*Refers to record suspension applications received between March 13 and March 31, 2012.

**Source: Royal Canadian Mounted Police Criminal Records Division, 2009.

On March 13, 2012, Bill C-10 amended the CRA by replacing the term "pardon" with the term "record suspension". The Record Suspension and Clemency program involves the review of record suspension applications, the ordering of record suspensions and the making of clemency recommendations. The amendments to the CRA increased the waiting periods for a record suspension to five years for all summary convictions and to ten years for all indictable offences. Individuals convicted of sexual offences against minors (with certain exceptions) and those who have been convicted of more than three indictable offences, each with a sentence of two or more years, became ineligible for a record suspension.

Table E5
Applications Processed	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
Applications Received		1,039*	19,523	14,253	12,414
Applications Accepted		793	11,291	9,632	9,074
Percentage Accepted		76.3	57.8	67.6	73.1
Record Suspension
Ordered			6,030	8,515	8,438
Refused			208	777	731
Total Record Suspension Applications Ordered/Refused			6,238	9,292	9,169
Percentage Ordered			96.7	91.6	92.0
Pardon
Granted	9,393	3,270	612	8,278	5,630
Issued	2,693	–	–	–	–
Denied	293	276	130	588	686
Total Pardon Applications Granted/Issued/Denied	12,379	3,546	742**	8,866**	6,316**
Percentage Granted/Issued	97.6	92.2	82.5	93.4	89.1
Pardon/Record Suspension Revocations/Cessations
Revocations***	71	1,132	991	669	441
Cessations	1,055	907	706	588	580
Total Revocations/Cessations	1,126	2,039	1,697	1,257	1,021
Cumulative Granted/Issued****	453,330	456,600	463,242	480,035	494,103
Cumulative Revocations/Cessations****	17,339	19,378	21,075	22,332	23,353

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Refers to record suspension applications received between March 13 and March 31, 2012.

**Refers to pardon applications received on or before March 12, 2012.

The number of record suspension applications received and accepted in 2012-13 should be considered with caution as the Record Suspension program, formerly the Pardon Program, underwent substantial changes between 2010-11 and 2012-13. The grant/issued rate for pardon applications processed in 2012/13 should be considered with caution. The Record Suspension program, formerly the Pardon Program, underwent substantial changes between 2010/11 and 2012/13.

***Revocations fluctuate due to resource re-allocation to deal with backlogs.

****Cumulative data reflects activity since 1970, when the pardon process was established under the Criminal Records Act.

On June 29, 2010, Bill C-23A amended the CRA by extending the ineligibility periods for certain applications for pardon. Additionally, the bill resulted in significant changes to program operations. The process was modified to include additional inquiries and new, more exhaustive investigations by staff for some applications and required additional review time by Board members. New concepts of merit and disrepute to the administration of justice form part of the statute. As a result of these new changes, application processing time increased. On March 13, 2012, Bill C-10 amended the CRA by replacing the term "pardon" with the term "record suspension". The Record Suspension and Clemency program involves the review of record suspension applications, the ordering of record suspensions and the making of clemency recommendations. The amendments to the CRA increased the waiting periods for a record suspension to five years for all summary convictions and to ten years for all indictable offences. Individuals convicted of sexual offences against minors (with certain exceptions) and those who have been convicted of more than three indictable offences, each with a sentence of two or more years, became ineligible for a record suspension.

Section F: Victims of Crime

Victimization rates for theft of personal property have decreased

Figure F1

Source: General Social Survey, Statistics Canada, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014.

Victimization rates for theft of personal property were lower in 2014 than in previous years.
Victimization rates for assault were lower in 2014 than in previous years.
Since 1999, the rates of victimization for sexual assault have remained stable.

Note:

*Assault data includes incidents of spousal violence. In previous editions of this document, the victimization data excluded incidents of spousal violence.

Rates are based on 1,000 population, 15 years of age and older, across the 10 provinces.

Table F1
Type of Incident	Year
Type of Incident	1999	2004	2009	2014
Theft of Personal Property	75	93	108	73
Sexual Assault	21	21	24	22
Robbery	9	11	13	6
Assault*	80	75	80	48

Source: General Social Survey, Statistics Canada, 1999, 2004, 2009 and 2014.

Note:

*Assault data includes incidents of spousal violence. In previous editions of this document, the victimization data excluded incidents of spousal violence.

Rates are based on 1,000 population, 15 years of age and older, across the 10 provinces.

The majority of victims of violent crime are under 30

Figure F2

Source: Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

More than half (51.9%) of all victims of violent crime reported in 2012 were under the age of 30, whereas 36.9% of the Canadian population is under the age of 30*.
Women aged 15 to 39 years were more likely than men of that age to be victims of crime.
Canadians aged 65 and older, who account for 14.1% of the general population*, represent 2.4% of victims of crime.

Note:

*Population estimates are as of July 1, 2010.

The data excludes traffic violations, victims whose age is above 89, victims whose age is unknown and victims whose gender is unknown.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

Table F2 (2012)
Age of Victim	Men		Women		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%
0 to 4 years	1,761	1.0	2,053	1.1	3,814	1.1
5 to 9 years	3,803	2.2	3,724	2.0	7,527	2.1
10 to 14 years	11,716	6.7	12,109	6.5	23,825	6.6
15 to 19 years	25,294	14.4	27,674	14.9	52,968	14.6
20 to 24 years	24,712	14.1	29,380	15.8	54,092	15.0
25 to 29 years	21,477	12.2	23,897	12.9	45,374	12.5
30 to 34 years	17,282	9.8	20,001	10.8	37,283	10.3
35 to 39 years	14,829	8.4	17,403	9.4	32,232	8.9
40 to 44 years	14,607	8.3	15,456	8.3	30,063	8.3
45 to 49 years	13,568	7.7	13,038	7.0	26,606	7.4
50 to 54 years	10,965	6.2	9,051	4.9	20,016	5.5
55 to 59 years	6,983	4.0	5,149	2.8	12,132	3.4
60 to 64 years	4,081	2.3	2,792	1.5	6,873	1.9
65 to 69 years	2,321	1.3	1,605	0.9	3,926	1.1
70 to 74 years	1,128	0.6	977	0.5	2,105	0.6
75 and over	1,228	0.7	1,507	0.8	2,735	0.8
Total	175,755	100.0	185,816	100.0	361,571	100.0

Source: Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

The data excludes traffic violations, victims whose age is above 89, victims whose age is unknown and victims whose gender is unknown.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

The majority of victims receiving services are victims of violent crime

Figure F3

Source: Victim Services in Canada, 2011/2012; Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

On May 24, 2012, the Victim Services Survey snapshot day, 10,664 victims received formal assistance from a victim service office. This represents an increase of 12.7% from 9,462 on May 27, 2010. Of the 9,637 where the crime was known, the majority, 79.8% were victims of a violent crime.
Of the 9,709 cases in which gender of the victim was noted, women accounted for 74.9% of the victims who received formal assistance from a victim service office, and men represented 25.1%.
Of the 6,959 women who received formal assistance where the type of crime was known, 83.8% were victims of violent crime. A total of 2,105 women (30.2%) were victims of sexual assault.
Of the 2,359 men who received formal assistance where the type of crime was known, 69.2% were victims of violent crime. A total of 356 men (15.1%) were victims of sexual assault.

Note:

Victim services are defined as agencies that provide direct services to primary or secondary victims of crime, and that are funded in whole or in part by a ministry responsible for justice matters. Survey respondents included 684 victim service providers.

Table F3
Type of Crime	Gender of Victim
Type of Crime	Women		Men		Not Reported		Total
Snapshot on May 27, 2010	^#	%	^#	%	^#	%	^#	%
Homicide	154	2.4	70	3.3	3	0.5	227	2.5
Other offences causing death	95	1.5	77	32.7	8	1.4	180	2.0
Sexual assault	1,922	30.0	379	18.1	160	28.3	2,461	27.1
Other violent offences	3,323	51.8	917	43.8	262	46.4	4,502	49.6
Other criminal offences*	496	7.7	357	17.0	73	12.9	926	10.2
Other Incidents**	421	6.6	295	14.1	59	10.4	775	8.5
Total without unknown	6,411	100.0	2,095	100.0	565	100.0	9,071	100.0
Unknown type of crime	197	—	81	—	113	—	391	—
Total	6,608		2,176		678		9,462
Snapshot on May 24, 2012
Homicide	179	2.6	126	5.3	3	0.9	308	3.2
Other offences causing death	90	1.3	47	2.0	0	0.0	137	1.4
Sexual assault	2,105	30.2	356	15.1	37	11.6	2,498	25.9
Other violent offences	3,461	49.7	1,103	46.8	179	56.1	4,743	49.2
Other criminal offences*	676	9.7	507	21.5	66	20.7	1,249	13.0
Other Incidents**	448	6.4	220	9.3	34	10.7	702	7.3
Total without unknown	6,959	100.0	2,359	100.0	319	100.0	9,637	100.0
Unknown type of crime	310	—	81	—	636	—	1,027	—
Total	7,269		2,440		955		10,664

Source: Victim Services in Canada, 2009/2010; Victim Services in Canada 2011/2012; Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Other criminal offences include arson, property crimes, traffic offences, and other Criminal Code offences.

**Other incidents include those of a non-criminal nature as well as those that are still under investigation to determine if they are criminal offences.

The number of victims registered with the federal correctional system has increased

Figure F4

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Since 2006-07, there has been a 59.2% increase in the number of victims registered with the Correctional Service of Canada and the Parole Board of Canada combined, from 4,979 to 7,929.
Of the 22,935 offenders under the responsibility of the Correctional Service Canada in 2014-15, 17.7% (4,053) have registered victims.
In 2014-15, the Correctional Service of Canada provided 54,683 notifications** to registered victims.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**A notification is a contact with a registered victim, by phone or mail, to provide information to which sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act entitles them.

Data is reported by CSC's data warehouse using a snapshot of data as of April of each year.

Table F4
Year	Number of Offenders with Registered Victims	Number of Registered Victims*	Number of Notifications** to Registered Victims
2006-07	3,147	4,979	13,829
2007-08	3,295	5,294	16,281
2008-09	3,412	5,816	28,069
2009-10	3,509	6,366	37,471
2010-11	3,726	6,940	41,986
2011-12	3,824	7,322	46,689
2012-13	3,935	7,585	51,379
2013-14	4,017	7,838	51,723
2014-15	4,053	7,929	54,683

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

**A notification is a contact with a registered victim, by phone or mail, to provide information to which sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act entitles them.

Data is reported by CSC's data warehouse using a snapshot of data as of April of each year.

Offences causing death are the most common type of offence** that harmed the victims registered* with Correctional Service Canada

Figure F5

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Of the 7,929 registered victims, 68.5% (5,432) were victims of an offence that caused death.
Victims of sexual offences (2,493) accounted for 31.4% of the registered victims.
Victims of assault (1,178) and victims of offences involving violence or threats (849) accounted for 14.9% and 10.7% of the registered victims.

Note:

**Some victims were harmed by more than one offence; therefore the number of Offences of Victimization are higher than the actual number of Registered Victims. The percentages represent the number of registered victims who were harmed by that offence.

Table F5
Type of Offence** That Harmed Victim*	2010-11		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14		2014-15
Type of Offence** That Harmed Victim*	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Offences Causing Death	3,804	54.8	4,056	55.4	4,292	56.6	4,533	57.8	5,432	68.5
Sexual Offences	2,098	30.2	2,114	28.9	2,169	28.6	2,237	28.5	2,493	31.4
Assaults	998	14.4	998	13.6	965	12.7	941	12.0	1,178	14.9
Involving Violence or Threats	680	9.8	707	9.7	710	9.4	720	9.2	849	10.7
Property Crimes	509	7.3	534	7.3	551	7.3	541	6.9	617	7.8
Other Offences	396	5.7	452	6.2	441	5.8	475	6.1	583	7.4
Attempts to Cause Death	251	2.6	272	3.7	281	3.7	249	3.2	330	4.2
Deprivation of Freedom	233	3.4	241	3.3	246	3.2	283	3.6	299	3.8
Driving Offences	123	1.8	125	1.7	152	2.0	153	2.0	163	2.1
Offence Not Recorded	55	0.8	6	0.1	4	0.1	9	0.1	85	1.1
Total Number of Victims**	6,940		7,322		7,585		7,838		7,929

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

**Some victims were harmed by more than one offence, therefore the number of Offences of Victimization are higher than the number of Registered Victims.

The percentages in the table represent the number of registered victims who were harmed by that offence and do not add up to 100%.

Temporary Absence information is the most common type of information provided during a notification to registered victims* with Correcional Service Canada

Figure F6

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

In 2014-15, information on Temporary Absences (50.6%) and Travel Permits (18.1%) were the most frequent pieces of information about offenders that were provided during a notification to registered victims*.
There has been a 79.1% increase in the number of pieces of information provided to registered victims* during notifications from 106,146 in 2010-11 to 190,132 in 2014-15.

Note:

Temporary Absence information includes information on unescorted and escorted temporary absences and work release. Conditional Release information includes information regarding day and full parole, statutory release, suspensions, detention, and long-term supervision orders. Sentencing information includes information on the offender's sentence, offender information, warrant expiry date, judicial review, and public domain.

Disclosure means a type of information identified in section 26 of the CCRA that has been disclosed to a registered victim during a notification.

As of December 2, 2011 as per Bill S6, Correctional Services Canada now provides information to some victims who are not registered which requires providing information to family members of murdered victims where the offender is still eligible to apply for Judicial Review including when the offender does not apply for a Judicial Review within the allotted time period, as well as the next date the offender can apply. Notification to unregistered victims are excluded for the data.

*In order to register to receive information under section 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2 or subsection 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**In 2012, Bill C10 expanded the types of information that could be disclosed to victims. These types now include information on reintegration programs taken by offenders and disciplinary offences committed by offenders.

Table F6
Information	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14	2014-15
Temporary Absences	62,702	75,848	93,609	100,934	96,131
Travel Permits	10,136	10,877	28,763	34,294	34,501
Institutional Location	6,993	6,859	14,434	17,495	16,242
Program & Disciplinary Offence Information**			11,208	14,826	16,790
Conditional Release	10,353	10,870	11,803	12,318	13,253
Sentencing Information	13,770	16,268	12,813	10,333	10,792
Custody	2,192	2,414	2,569	2,476	2,423
Total	106,146	123,136	175,199	192,676	190,132

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Disclosure means a type of information identified in section 26 of the CCRA that has been disclosed to a registered victim during a notification.

As of December 2, 2011 as per Bill S6, Correctional Services Canada now provides information to some victims who are not registered which requires providing information to family members of murdered victims where the offender is still eligible to apply for Judicial Review including when the offender does not apply for a Judicial Review within the allotted time period, as well as the next date the offender can apply. Notification to unregistered victims are excluded for the data.

Parole Board of Canada contacts with victims have increased

Figure F7

Parole Board of Canada contacts with victims have decreased

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2014-15, the Parole Board of Canada (PBC) had 27,191 contacts* with victims**, an increase of 21.8% (4,868 more contacts) compared to 2013-14. Since 2000-01, there has been a 113.8% increase in the number of contacts with victims by the PBC.
In 2014-15, victims made 231 presentations at 128 hearings, 33 fewer presentations than the previous year.
Most of the victims who made presentations at PBC hearings were the family members of murdered victims and victims of sexual offences.

Note:

*A victim contact refers to each time the Parole Board of Canada has contact with a victim by mail, fax, or by telephone.

**Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act) , which came into force on June 13, 2012, resulted in changes to the categories of victims defined in section 2 of the CCRA. An actual victim is a person who survived a crime 2(1). If the person is dead, ill or otherwise incapacitated, a) a spouse/common law 2(1)(a), b) a relative/dependant 2(1)(b), c) anyone who is responsible for the care of the person 2(1)(c), d) anyone who is responsible for the care of a dependant of the person 2(1)(d) are considered as victims. If physical or emotional harm was done to a person as a result of the offender’s act, whether or not the offender is prosecuted or convicted of the act, and if the person made a complaint to the police or the Crown attorney, the person is recognized as a victim per CCRA 26 (3) and 142(3).

Table F7
Year	Total Number of Contacts*
2000-01	12,718
2001-12	14,013
2002-03	14,270
2003-04	15,263
2004-05	15,479
2005-06	16,711
2006-07	21,434
2007-08	20,457
2008-09	20,039
2009-10	22,181
2010-11	22,483
2011-12	21,449
2012-13	22,475
2013-14	22,323
2014-15	27,191

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*A victim contact refers to each time the Parole Board of Canada has contact with a victim by mail, fax, or by telephone.

Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act), which came into force on June 13, 2012, resulted in changes to the categories of victims defined in section 2 of the CCRA. An actual victim is a person who survived a crime 2(1). If the person is dead, ill or otherwise incapacitated, a) a spouse/common law 2(1)(a), b) a relative/dependant 2(1)(b), c) anyone who is responsible for the care of the person 2(1)(c), d) anyone who is responsible for the care of a dependant of the person 2(1)(d) are considered as victims. If physical or emotional harm was done to a person as a result of the offender’s act, whether or not the offender is prosecuted or convicted of the act, and if the person made a complaint to the police or the Crown attorney, the person is recognized as a victim per CCRA 26(3) and 142(3).

Date modified:: 2022-07-22