Summary
Domestically, the report focuses on the impact of deportation on the families of deportees, and Haitian-Canadian communities more broadly. Acknowledging the obvious benefits to public safety accrued by deporting those who have committed crimes in Canada, it explores the implications of criminal deportation on delinquency, youth gangs and crime, focusing on neighbourhoods in Montréal with significant Haitian-Canadian populations. A second focus will be on the threat posed by criminal deportees once they have reached Haiti, a country with severely limited law enforcement capacity. The report evaluates the possibility that deported Haitian Canadians could undermine public safety in Canada by exploiting knowledge of and connections within Canadian society to facilitate trafficking in drugs, weapons or human beings. Whether the policy of criminal deportation may have the unintended effect of establishing transnational organized crime networks—as appears to be the case with the maras in Central America—is an important focus of this report.
Contents
Introduction. --
Deportation in Canada: Politics and Policy. --
The Haitian-Canadian Context. --
Criminal Deportation and Organized Crime. --
Organized Crime and Law Enforcement in Haiti. --
Youth, Gangs and Politics. --
The Impacts of Criminal Deportation on Organized Crime. --
Criminal Deportation and Organized Crime in Canada. --
Criminal Deportation and Organized Crime in Haiti. --
Transnational Threats to Canada. --
Mitigation Strategies at Home and Abroad. --
Fostering Community Resilience in Canada. --
Reintegration and Capacity Building in Haiti. --
Resumption of Criminal Deportation to Haiti. --
Security Sector Reform and Community Violence Reduction in Haiti: Canada’s Role. --
Conclusions.