Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview

2013 Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview - PDF Version (2,258 KB)

ISSN: 1713-1073

Table of contents

Section A: Context - Crime and the Criminal Justice System

Police-reported crime rate has been decreasing since 1998

Figure A1

Police-reported crime rate has been decreasing since 1998

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime. See Figure F1 for rates based on victimization surveys (drawn from the General Social Survey), an alternative method of measuring crime.

Table A1
Year Type of offence
Violent** Property** Traffic Other CCC** Drugs Other Fed. Statutes Total*
1998 1,345 5,696 469 1,051 235 119 8,915
1999 1,440 5,345 388 910 264 128 8,474
2000 1,494 5,189 370 924 287 113 8,376
2001 1,473 5,124 393 989 288 123 8,390
2002 1,441 5,080 379 991 296 128 8,315
2003 1,435 5,299 373 1,037 274 115 8,532
2004 1,404 5,123 379 1,072 306 107 8,391
2005 1,389 4,884 378 1,052 290 97 8,090
2006 1,386 4,808 376 1,049 295 87 8,002
2007 1,352 4,519 402 1,028 307 90 7,698
2008 1,331 4,249 436 1,036 307 99 7,459
2009 1,318 4,110 433 1,014 290 94 7,260
2010 1,287 3,824 419 1,026 320 96 6,971
2011 1,231 3,521 422 1,004 329 94 6,600
2012 1,190 3,414 404 984 314 103 6,409

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

In 2012, it was discovered that the Montreal Police Service had been incorrectly applying the agreed upon definition for reporting child pornography incidents to the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR). As such, the number of violations has been revised for the years 2008 to 2011.

Rates are based on incidents reported per 100,000 population.

Due to rounding, rates may not add to Totals.

Crime rates are higher in the west and highest in the north

Figure A2

Crime rates are higher in the west and highest in the north

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Rates are based on 100,000 population.

Unlike Statistics Canada, the Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Table A2
Province/Territory Crime Rate *
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Newfoundland & Labrador 7,144 7,372 7,684 7,305 6,998
Prince Edward Island 6,895 7,075 7,071 7,207 7,304
Nova Scotia 7,745 7,730 7,811 7,313 7,105
New Brunswick 6,506 6,397 6,340 6,065 6,291
Quebec 5,950 5,845 5,570 5,315 5,166
Ontario 5,457 5,281 5,039 4,760 4,570
Manitoba 10,632 11,254 10,522 9,724 9,587
Saskatchewan 14,553 14,432 14,406 14,235 13,615
Alberta 10,056 9,573 9,095 8,398 8,188
British Columbia 10,799 10,181 9,677 9,150 8,872
Yukon Territory 24,215 25,350 23,045 22,546 22,695
Northwest Territories 47,979 45,771 50,886 51,459 51,634
Nunavut 37,230 39,853 41,687 40,201 41,701
Canada 7,697 7,459 7,260 6,973 6,604

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Rates are based on 100,000 population.

Unlike Statistics Canada, the Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Canada's incarceration rate is high relative to most western European countries

Figure A3

Canada's incarceration rate is high relative to most western European countries

Source: World Prison Population List online (retrieved November 20, 2013 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php).

Note:

The incarceration rate, in this figure, is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Population List are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. Due to variations in the availability of information, the 2006 and 2008 dates reported in Figure A3 refer to when the World Prison Population Lists (Seventh and Eighth Editions respectively) were published, but may not necessarily correspond to the date the data were obtained. For 2013, the data was retrieved online on November 20, 2013 from www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php which contains the most up-to-date information available. These data reflect incarceration rates based on the country's population. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Table A3
  2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20061* 20082* 20113* 20124* 20135*
United States 699 700 701 714 723 738 756 743 730 716
New Zealand 149 145 155 168 168 186 185 199 194 192
England & Wales 124 125 141 142 141 148 153 155 154 148
Scotland 115 120 129 132 136 139 152 155 151 147
Australia 108 110 115 117 120 126 129 133 129 130
Canada 116 116 116 108 107 107 116 117 114 118
Italy 94 95 100 98 96 104 92 110 109 106
Austria 84 85 100 106 110 105 95 104 104 98
France 89 80 93 91 91 85 96 102 102 101
Germany 97 95 98 96 98 95 89 87 83 79
Switzerland 79 90 68 81 81 83 76 79 76 82
Sweden 64 65 73 75 81 82 74 78 70 67
Denmark 61 60 64 70 70 77 63 74 74 73
Norway - 60 59 65 65 66 69 73 73 72
Finland 52 50 70 71 66 75 64 59 59 58

Source: International Centre for Prison Studies: 1 World Prison Population List (Seventh Edition); 2 World Prison Population List (Eighth Edition); 3 World Prison Population List online (retrieved October 7, 2011 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php), 4 World Prison Population List online (retrieved October 15, 2012 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php).5 World Prison Population List online (retrieved November 20, 2013 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php).

Note:

*Incarceration rates from the World Prison Population List are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. Due to variations in the availability of information, the 2006 and 2008 dates reported in Table A3 refer to when the World Prison Population Lists (Seventh and Eighth Editions respectively) were published, but may not necessarily correspond to the date the data were obtained. For 2013, the data was retrieved online on November 20, 2013 from www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php which contains the most up to date information available. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures. Rates are based on 100,000 population.

-- Figures not available.

The rate of adults charged has declined

Figure A4

The rate of adults charged has declined

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Table A4
Year Type of offence
Violent** Property** Traffic Other CCC** Drugs Other Fed. Statutes Total Charged*
1998 563 677 374 430 168 24 2,236
1999 590 632 371 396 185 30 2,203
2000 615 591 349 411 198 26 2,190
2001 641 584 349 451 202 28 2,256
2002 617 569 336 460 199 29 2,211
2003 598 573 326 476 172 23 2,168
2004 584 573 314 490 187 30 2,180
2005 589 550 299 479 185 29 2,131
2006 593 533 300 498 198 27 2,149
2007 576 499 298 520 208 28 2,128
2008 574 485 306 538 207 31 2,142
2009 582 488 309 530 200 33 2,143
2010 573 470 293 542 210 32 2,120
2011 544 438 270 524 212 34 2,022
2012 534 430 265 526 200 36 1,990

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada.

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Rates are based on 100,000 population, 18 years of age and older.

Due to rounding, rates may not add to Totals.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Administration of justice cases account for 22% of cases* in adult courts

Figure A5

Administration of justice cases account for 21% of cases* in adult courts

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Cases completed in adult criminal courts.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Adult Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the “most serious decision” rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the “most serious offence” rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table A5
Type of Charge Criminal Code and Other Federal Statute Charges
  2009-10   2010-11   2011-12
  # % # % # %
Crimes Against the Person 96,688 23.58 94,720 23.10 91,697 23.73
Homicide and Related 279 0.07 296 0.07 263 0.07
Attempted Murder 197 0.05 156 0.04 153 0.04
Robbery 4,472 1.09 4,223 1.03 3,804 0.98
Sexual Assault 4,092 1.00 4,087 1.00 3,949 1.02
Other Sexual Offences 2,062 0.50 2,338 0.57 2,252 0.58
Major Assault (Levels 2 & 3) 21,909 5.34 21,251 5.18 20,607 5.33
Common Assault (Level 1) 38,609 9.42 37,990 9.27 37,063 9.59
Uttering Threats 18,607 4.54 17,925 4.37 17,427 4.51
Criminal Harassment 3,200 0.78 3,284 0.80 3,242 0.84
Other Crimes Against Persons 3,261 0.80 3,170 0.77 2,937 0.76
Crimes Against Property 98,180 23.94 97,914 23.88 89,869 23.25
Theft 42,472 10.36 43,040 10.50 39,816 10.30
Break and Enter 11,708 2.86 11,497 2.80 10,672 2.76
Fraud 15,196 3.71 14,718 3.59 12,534 3.24
Mischief 14,843 3.62 14,832 3.62 14,193 3.67
Possession of Stolen Property 11,982 2.92 12,014 2.93 11,061 2.86
Other Property Crimes 1,979 0.48 1,813 0.44 1,593 0.41
Administration of Justice 84,684 20.65 85,947 20.96 83,987 21.73
Fail to Appear 4,764 1.16 5,112 1.25 4,556 1.18
Breach of probation 31,583 7.70 31,554 7.70 31,574 8.17
Unlawfully at large 2,529 0.62 2,563 0.63 2,615 0.68
Fail to Comply with Order 36,825 8.98 37,781 9.22 36,665 9.49
Other Admin. Justice 8,983 2.19 8,937 2.18 8,577 2.22
Other Criminal Code 19,475 4.75 18,999 4.63 16,556 4.28
Weapons 10,109 2.47 9,984 2.44 9,463 2.45
Prostitution 1,719 0.42 1,584 0.39 1,030 0.27
Disturbing the Peace 1,756 0.43 1,786 0.44 1,406 0.36
Residual Criminal Code 5,891 1.44 5,645 1.38 4,657 1.21
Criminal Code Traffic 61,244 14.94 61,185 14.92 53,022 13.72
Impaired Driving 49,462 12.06 49,520 12.08 42,053 10.88
Other CC Traffic 11,782 2.87 11,665 2.85 10,969 2.84
Other Federal Statutes 49,780 12.14 51,192 12.49 51,320 13.28
Drug Possession 15,442 3.77 16,498 4.02 16,787 4.34
Drug Trafficking 13,124 3.20 12,875 3.14 12,243 3.17
Residual Federal Statutes 21,214 5.17 21,819 5.32 22,290 5.77
Total Offences 410,051 100.0 409,957 100.00 386,451 100.00

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Cases completed in adult criminal courts.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Adult Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected. The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates. Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Most adult custodial sentences ordered by the court are short

Figure A6

Most adult custodial sentences ordered by the court are short

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*The type of decision group “guilty” includes guilty of the offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Adult Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

Excludes cases where length of prison sentence and/or sex was not known, data for Manitoba as information on sentence length was not available.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

Table A6
Length of Prison Sentence 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
  % % % % %
1 Month or Less          
Women 69.6 67.6 67.7 66.7 67.8
Men 53.5 53.9 53.6 51.4 52.9
Total 55.0 55.1 54.8 52.7 54.2
           
More Than 1 Month to 6 Months          
Women 22.3 24.2 23.3 24.7 23.8
Men 31.6 31.4 31.6 33.9 33.2
Total 30.7 30.8 30.7 32.9 32.2
           
More Than 6 Months to 12 Months          
Women 4.3 4.2 4.4 3.8 4.3
Men 7.0 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.5
Total 6.8 6.8 6.6 6.6 6.4
           
More Than 1 Year to Less Than 2 Years          
Women 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.1
Men 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6
Total 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5
           
2 Years or More          
Women 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.0
Men 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.4 3.8
Total 4.0 3.8 4.2 4.2 3.6

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Adult Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

Excludes cases where length of prison sentence and/or sex was not known, data for Manitoba as information on both sentence length was not available.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

Relatively few crimes result in sentences to federal penitentiaries

Figure A7

Relatively few crimes result in sentences to federal penitentiaries

Source: 1 Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Adult Criminal Court Survey, and Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada; 2 Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The type of decision group “guilty” includes guilty of the offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.

**This figure only includes cases in provincial court and partial data from Superior Court. Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Adult Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition.

Police data are reported on a calendar year basis whereas court and prison data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 1 through March 31).

Table A7
  2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Total Number of Offences Reported to Police1 2,485,043 2,448,654 2,379,130 2,275,917 2,235,325
Cases with guilty* findings in Adult Criminal Court1** 263,948 266,430 261,325 246,984 Not available
Sentenced Admissions to Provincial/Territorial Custody1*** 91,045 88,982 87,770 86,661 Not available
Warrant of Committal Admissions to Federal Facilities2 4,825 5,217 5,423 5,118 4,999

Source: 1 Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Adult Criminal Court Survey, and Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada; 2 Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The type of decision group “guilty” includes guilty of the offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.

**This figure only includes cases convicted in provincial court and partial data from Superior Court. Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Adult Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition.

Police data are reported on a calendar year basis whereas court and prison data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 1 through March 31).

The rate of youth charged has declined over the past six years

Figure A8

The rate of youth charged has declined over the past six years

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

**For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons aged 12 to 17 years.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years).

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Table A8
Year Type of Offence
Violent* Property* Traffic Other CCC* Drugs Other Fed. Statutes Total Charged*
1998 994 2,500 - - 870 226 184 4,775
1999 1,060 2,237 - - 728 266 209 4,500
2000 1,136 2,177 - - 760 317 198 4,589
2001 1,157 2,119 - - 840 343 195 4,656
2002 1,102 2,009 - - 793 337 235 4,476
2003 953 1,570 - - 726 208 204 3,662
2004 918 1,395 - - 691 230 222 3,457
2005 924 1,276 - - 660 214 212 3,287
2006 917 1,217 - - 680 240 216 3,270
2007 945 1,214 75 733 261 239 3,467
2008 915 1,137 75 734 269 260 3,390
2009 898 1,157 69 706 241 263 3,334
2010 875 1,053 63 681 259 271 3,203
2011 823 923 59 649 269 256 2,978
2012 787 865 59 640 251 238 2,840

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

**Data for Youth Charged and Youth Not Charged for Impaired Driving are not available prior to 2007. As a result, comparisons to Total Charged and Other CCC (including traffic) over time should be made with caution.

For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons aged 12 to 17 years.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years).

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

The most common youth court case is theft

Figure A9

The most common youth court case is theft

Source: Youth Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*“Administration of Justice” includes the offences failure to appear, failure to comply, and breach of recognizance.

**Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

***“Drug Offences” includes possession and trafficking.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Youth Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the “most serious decision” rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the “most serious offence” rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Table A9
Type of Case Number of Youth Court Cases
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Crimes Against the Person 15,395 15,614 14,823 14,275 13,095
Homicide and Attempted Murder 70 76 70 69 53
Robbery 2,637 2,768 2,539 2,605 2,413
Sexual Assault / Other Sexual Offences 1,140 1,283 1,255 1,306 1,252
Major Assault 3,845 3,729 3,561 3,361 2,864
Common Assault 4,696 4,767 4,477 4,208 4,026
Other Crimes Against the Person* 3,007 2,991 2,921 2,726 2,487
Crimes Against Property 22,612 22,219 22,242 20,408 17,240
Theft 8,026 8,262 8,454 7,879 6,577
Break and Enter 5,203 4,855 4,835 4,410 3,738
Fraud 852 818 837 641 521
Mischief 4,362 4,330 4,253 3,752 3,305
Possession of Stolen Property 3,416 3,258 3,249 3,147 2,679
Other Crimes Against Property 753 696 614 579 420
Administration of Justice 6,327 6,353 6,104 5,702 5,233
Failure to comply with order 3,986 4,175 4,045 3,738 3,508
Other Administration of Justice** 2,341 2,178 2,059 1,964 1,725
Other Criminal Code 3,038 3,064 2,967 2,709 2,428
Weapons / Firearms 2,064 2,083 2,016 1,834 1,662
Prostitution 12 17 10 14 4
Disturbing the Peace 207 232 187 165 119
Residual Criminal Code 755 732 754 696 643
Criminal Code Traffic 1,237 1,170 1,118 963 838
Other Federal Statutes 10,101 10,548 9,605 9,437 9,395
Drug Possession 2,725 2,919 2,556 2,560 2,734
Drug Trafficking 1,475 1,459 1,279 1,220 1,246
Youth Criminal Justice Act*** 5,649 5,917 5,685 5,603 5,326
Residual Federal Statutes 252 253 85 54 89
Total 58,710 58,968 56,859 53,494 48,229

Source: Youth Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*“Other Crimes Against the Person” includes the offences uttering threats and criminal harassment.

**“Other Administration of Justice” includes the offences failure to appear, failure to comply, and breach of recognizance.

***Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Youth Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the “most serious decision” rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the “most serious offence” rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

The most common sentence for youth is probation

Figure A10

The most common sentence for youth is probation

Source: Youth Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*“Other Sentence” includes absolute discharge, restitution, prohibition, seizure, forfeiture, compensation, pay purchaser, essays, apologies, counselling programs and conditional discharge, conditional sentence, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand. This category also includes deferred custody and supervision, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand where sentencing data under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) are not available.

Unlike previous years, this data represents the most serious sentence and therefore, sanctions are mutually exclusive. However, each case may receive more than one sentence.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Youth Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

Table A10
Type of Sentence Gender Year
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
    % % % % %
Probation Female 50.4 52.2 50.0 47.5 47.5
  Male 50.3 49.3 50.0 47.5 48.4
  Total 50.8 50.3 50.3 48.2 48.7
             
Custody Female 12.9 12.4 12.5 12.6 11.6
  Male 17.5 17.0 16.2 17.2 17.0
  Total 15.9 15.4 14.8 15.5 15.2
             
Community Service Order Female 7.9 8.1 9.3 9.4 9.6
  Male 7.2 7.5 8.0 8.5 8.7
  Total 7.6 7.9 8.9 9.1 8.6
             
Fine Female 3.9 3.3 2.8 3.2 2.5
  Male 4.7 5.2 4.1 3.7 3.3
  Total 4.5 4.7 3.7 3.6 3.1
             
Deferred Custody and Supervision Female 3.2 3.0 4.0 4.3 5.1
  Male 3.6 3.8 4.6 4.7 4.5
  Total 3.4 3.5 4.3 4.4 4.3
             
Other Sentence* Female 21.7 21.0 21.4 23.0 23.7
  Male 16.8 17.3 17.0 18.4 18.2
  Total 17.8 18.1 18.0 19.2 19.2

Source: Youth Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*“Other Sentence” includes absolute discharge, restitution, prohibition, seizure, forfeiture, compensation, pay purchaser, essays, apologies, counselling programs and conditional discharge, conditional sentence, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand. This category also includes deferred custody and supervision, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand where sentencing data under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) are not available.

Unlike previous years, this data represents the most serious sentence and therefore, sanctions are mutually exclusive. However, each case may receive more than one sentence.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Youth Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007.

Section B: Corrections Administration

Expenditures on corrections increased in 2011-12

Figure B1

Expenditures on corrections increased in 2011-12

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Parole Board of Canada; Office of the Correctional Investigator; Statistics Canada Consumer Price Index.

Note:

Federal expenditures on corrections include spending by the Correctional Service Canada (CSC), the Parole Board of Canada (PBC), and the Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI). The expenditures for the CSC include both operating and capital costs. CSC expenditures exclude CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries).

Constant dollars (2002) represent dollar amounts calculated on a one-year base that adjusts for inflation, thus allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable. Changes in the Consumer Price Index were used to calculate constant dollars.

Table B1
Year Current Dollars Constant 2002 Dollars
Operating Capital Total Per capita Operating Capital Total Per capita
  $'000     $ $'000     $
2007-08                
CSC 1,827,839 140,641 1,968,480 59.78 1,610,431 123,913 1,734,344 52.67
PBC 43,400 - - 43,400 1.32 38,238   38,238 1.16
OCI 3,132 - - 3,132 0.10 2,759 0 2,759 0.08
Total 1,874,371 140,641 2,015,012 61.20 1,651,428 123,913 1,775,341 53.92
                 
2008-09                
CSC 2,024,839 197,992 2,222,831 66.72 1,816,892 177,659 1,994,551 59.86
PBC 48,600 - - 48,600 1.46 43,609   43,609 1.31
OCI 3,854 - - 3,854 0.12 3,458 0 3,458 0.10
Total 2,077,293 197,992 2,275,285 68.29 1,863,959 177,659 2,041,618 61.28
                 
2009-10                
CSC 2,065,085 200,357 2,265,442 67.17 1,878,961 182,299 2,061,261 61.12
PBC 47,300 - - 47,300 1.40 43,037   43,037 1.28
OCI 4,375 - - 4,375 0.13 3,981 0 3,981 0.12
Total 2,116,760 200,357 2,317,117 68.70 1,925,979 182,299 2,108,278 62.51
                 
2010-11                
CSC 2,156,955 22,849 2,379,803 69.73 1,903,834 20,168 2,100,530 61.55
PBC 46,000 - - 46,000 1.35 40,602   40,602 1.19
OCI 4,162 - - 4,162 0.12 3,674 0 3,674 0.11
Total 2,207,117 22,849 2,429,965 71.20 1,948,109 20,168 2,144,806 62.85
                 
2011-12                
CSC 2,313,422 345,327 2,658,750 77.10 2,122,860 316,882 2,439,743 70.75
PBC 52,200 - - 52,200 1.51 47,900   47,900 1.39
OCI 4,936 - - 4,936 0.14 4,529 0 4,529 0.13
Total 2,370,558 345,327 2,715,886 78.76 2,175,290 316,882 2,492,172 72.27

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Parole Board of Canada; Office of the Correctional Investigator; Statistics Canada Consumer Price Index.

Note:

Due to rounding, constant dollar amounts may not add to “Total”.

Per capita cost is calculated by dividing the total expenditures by the total Canadian population and thus represents the cost per Canadian for federal correctional services.

Constant dollars represent dollar amounts calculated on a one-year base (2002) that adjusts for inflation allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable. Changes in the Consumer Price Index were used to calculate constant dollars.

CSC employees are concentrated in custody centres

Figure B2

CSC employees are concentrated in custody centres

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*These parole officers are situated within institutions, with the responsibility of preparing offenders for release.

**The “Other” category represents job classifications such as trades and food services.

***CSC has changed its definition of employee. Previously, the total number of employees included casual employees, employees on leave without pay and suspended employees. These numbers represent Indeterminate and Term equal or more than 3 months substantive employment; and Employee Status of Active and Paid Leave as of March 31, 2013.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table B2
Service Area Number of Staff Percent
Headquarters and Central Services 2,806 15.4
Administration 2,429 13.3
Health Care 115 0.6
Program Staff 67 0.4
Correctional Officers 16 0.1
Instructors/Supervisors 13 0.1
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors 2 0.0
Other* 164 0.9
     
Custody Centres 13,949 76.5
Correctional Officers 7,695 42.2
Administration 2,024 11.1
Health Care 989 5.4
Program Staff 929 5.1
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors** 708 3.9
Instructors/Supervisors 448 2.5
Other* 1,156 6.3
     
Community Supervision 1,488 8.2
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors 722 4.0
Administration 381 2.1
Program Staff 300 1.6
Health Care 73 0.4
Correctional Officers 11 0.1
Other* 1 0.0
Total*** 18,243 100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The “Other” category represents job classifications such as trades and food services.

**These parole officers are situated within institutions, with the responsibility of preparing offenders for release.

***CSC has changed its definition of employee. Previously, the total number of employees included casual employees, employees on leave without pay and suspended employees. These numbers represent Indeterminate and Term equal or more than 3 months substantive employment; and Employee Status of Active and Paid Leave as of March 31, 2013.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The cost of keeping an inmate incarcerated

Figure B3

The cost of keeping an inmate incarcerated

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The average daily inmate cost includes those costs associated with the operation of the institutions, such as salaries and employee benefit plan contributions, but excludes capital expenditures and expenditures related to CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries).

In 2001-02, the cost allocation methodology was refined to better reflect expenditures directly related to offenders. In addition, the cost of keeping a woman incarcerated includes the cost of maximum security units for women co-located within institutions for men.

Table B3
Categories Annual Average Costs per Offender (current $)
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Incarcerated Offenders          
Maximum Security (males only) 135,870 147,135 150,808 147,418 151,484
Medium Security (males only) 87,498 93,782 98,219 99,519 104,889
Minimum Security (males only) 89,377 93,492 95,038 95,034 91,959
Women's Facilities 182,506 203,061 211,093 214,614 211,618
Exchange of Services Agreements 77,762 87,866 89,800 90,712 97,545
Incarcerated Average 101,664 109,699 113,974 114,364 117,788
           
Offenders in the Community 24,825 29,476 29,537 31,148 35,101
           
Total Incarcerated and Community 81,932 91,498 93,916 96,412 100,622

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The average daily inmate cost includes those costs associated with the operation of the institutions, such as salaries and employee benefit plan contributions, but excludes capital expenditures and expenditures related to CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries).

In 2001-02, the cost allocation methodology was refined to better reflect expenditures directly related to offenders. In addition, the cost of keeping a woman incarcerated includes the cost of maximum security units for women co-located within institutions for men.

The number of Parole Board of Canada employees

Figure B4

The number of Parole Board of Canada employees

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Table B4
  Full-Time Equivalents
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Strategic Outcome*          
Conditional Release Decisions 291 299 297 310 311
Conditional Release Openness and Accountability 58 64 57 60 56
Pardon Decisions and Clemency Recommendations 39 40 38 37 58
Internal Services 40 39 46 54 43
Total 428 442 438 461 468
           
Type of Employees          
Full-time Board Members 37 40 40 43 44
Part-time Board Members 25 25 21 21 20
Staff 366 377 377 397 404
Total 428 442 438 461 468

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*As of 2006-07, the Receiver General and Treasury Board Secretariat reporting requirements have been changed from Business Line to Strategic Outcome. Consequently, data regarding Conditional Release Openness and Accountability is unavailable prior to 2006-07.

**The Parole Board of Canada transferred the Information Technology function to the Correctional Service of Canada effective April 1st, 2007. This represented a reduction of 23 full-time equivalents.

The number of employees in the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Figure B5

The number of employees in the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Note:

*The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

Table B5
  Full-Time Equivalents
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Type of Employees          
Correctional Investigator 1 1 1 1 1
Senior Management and Legal Counsel/Advisor 5 5 5 5 5
Investigative Services 16 20 20 21 25
Administrative Services 2 2 4 5 5
Total 24 28 30 32 36

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Health care is the most common area of offender complaint received by the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Figure B6

Health care is the most common area of offender complaint received by the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Note:

*The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

Table B6
Category of Complaint Number of Complaints*
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
  # # # # #
Health Care (including Dental) 851 821 797 730 577
Conditions of Confinement 373 -- ** 469 483 509
Administrative Segregation 423 390 346 428 424
Institutional Transfers 447 393 369 408 376
Cell Property 416 388 407 386 399
Staff Performance 357 370 347 310 368
Grievance Procedures 209 236 284 255 163
Visits (includes Private Family Visits) 311 277 205 253 213
Decisions (General) - Implementation -- *** -- *** 129 227 372
File Information 253 152 202 166 162
Telephone 195 165 168 141 135
Correspondence -- *** -- *** 115 127 84
Programs/Services 186 163 188 122 101
Harassment -- *** -- *** 88 119 64
Financial Matters -- *** -- *** 78 108 109
Security Classification 138 102 135 92 115
Safety/Security of Offender 165 137 90 87  
Mental Health -- *** -- *** 112 54 74
Other**** 978 1,357 1,087 1,061  
Outside OCI's Terms of Reference 216 174 187 232 235
Total 5,775 5,282 5,914 5,789 5,477

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Note:

*The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

OCI has updated the categories of complaints to better reflect their corporate priorities and the changing nature of the complaints that they received in the 2010-11 fiscal year. As a result, some categories reported in previous years have been changed or removed.

The number of individual complaints processed by the OCI has decreased in recent years because the OCI has reallocated resources to sharpen its focus on systemic issues and death in custody investigations.

Section C: Offender Population

Federal offenders under the jurisdiction of the Correctional Service of Canada

Figure C1

Federal offenders under the jurisdiction of the Correctional Service of Canada

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Definitions:

Total Offender Population includes male and female federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions and those on temporary absence), offenders who are temporarily detained, actively supervised and those that have been deported.

Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions.

Community Supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

Actively Supervised includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole or statutory release, as well as those who are in the community on long term supervision orders.

Temporarily Detained includes offenders who are physically held in a provincial detention centre or a federal institution after being suspended for a breach of a parole condition or to prevent a breach of parole conditions.

Deported includes offenders for whom a deportation order has been enforced by Citizenship and Immigration Canada.
In addition to that total offender population, there are excluded groups such as:

On Bail includes offenders on a judicial interim release; they have appealed their conviction or sentence and have been released to await the results of a new trial.

Escaped includes offenders who have absconded from either a correctional facility or while on a temporary absence and whose whereabouts are unknown.

Unlawfully at Large includes offenders who have been released to the community on day parole, full parole, statutory release or a long term supervision order for whom a warrant for suspension has been issued, but has not yet been executed.

Note:

*The definition of “Offender Population” changed in the 2010 edition of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO). As such, comparisons to editions of the CCRSO prior to December 2010 should be done with caution.

Table C1
Status Federal Offenders
  #     %    
Incarcerated 14,745     63.4    
             
Community Supervision 8,499     36.6    
Actively Supervised   7,272     31.3  
Day Parole     1,140     4.9
Full Parole     3,068     13.2
Statutory Release     2,727     11.7
Long Term Supervision Order     337     1.4
Temporarily Detained, while on:   834     3.6  
Day Parole     88     0.4
Full Parole     60     0.3
Statutory Release     662     2.8
Long Term Supervision Order     24     0.1
Deported   393     1.7  
Total 23,244*     100.0    

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In addition to this total offender population, 140 offenders were on bail, 121 offenders had escaped, and 432 offenders were unlawfully at large.

It is possible for an offender under federal jurisdiction to serve his or her sentence in a provincial institution. The data presented include these offenders as they are still under federal jurisdiction.

The definition of “Offender Population” changed in the 2010 edition of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO). As such, comparisons to editions of the CCRSO prior to December 2010 should be done with caution.

The number of incarcerated federal offenders increased in 2012-13

Figure C2

The number of incarcerated federal offenders increased in 2012-13

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The data reflect the number of offenders incarcerated at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The term “Incarcerated Federal Offenders” includes male and female offenders and refers to those offenders who are currently serving a sentence of two years or more in a federal or provincial correctional facility. These numbers include those offenders who are in the community on some form of temporary absence at the time of the count. These numbers do not include those offenders who have had their supervision period suspended and are temporarily detained.

**Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Table C2
Year Incarcerated Offenders
Federal1 Provincial/Territorial2 Total
Sentenced Remand Other/Temporary Detention Total
2003-04 12,413 9,851 9,174 329 19,353 31,766
2004-05 12,624 9,823 9,656 331 19,810 32,433
2005-06* 12,671 9,609 10,908 292 20,809 33,480
2006-07 13,171 10,032 12,169 300 22,500 35,671
2007-08 13,581 9,799 12,973 335 23,107 36,688
2008-09 13,286 9,931 13,548 331 23,810 37,096
2009-10 13,531 10,045 13,739 322 24,106 37,637
2010-11 14,221 10,922 13,086 436 24,443 38,664
2011-12 14,419 11,138 13,369 315 24,822 39,241
2012-13 14,745 -- -- -- -- --

Source: 1Correctional Service Canada.; 2Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Note:

* Data is unavailable from Prince Edward Island in 2005-06.

Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders who are currently serving a sentence of two years or more in a federal or provincial correctional facility. These numbers include those offenders who are in the community on some form of temporary absence at the time of the count. These numbers do not include those offenders who have had their supervision period suspended and are temporarily detained.

The figures for federal offenders reflect yearly snapshots as of the last day of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year. The figures for provincial and territorial offenders reflect annual average counts.

-- Data not available.

The number of admissions to federal jurisdiction has fluctuated

Figure C3

The number of admissions to federal jurisdiction has fluctuated

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*“Other” includes transfers from other jurisdictions (exchange of services), terminations, transfers from foreign countries, and admissions where a release is interrupted as a consequence of a new conviction.

These numbers refer to the federal jurisdiction admissions during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C3
  2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men
Warrant of Committal                    
1st Federal Sentence 280 3,266 280 3,560 294 3,702 304 3,501 226 3,468
All Others 35 1,244 31 1,346 39 1,388 43 1,270 44 1,261
Subtotal 315 4,510 311 4,906 333 5,090 347 4,771 270 4,729
Total 4,825 5,217 5,423 5,118 4,999
                     
Revocations 167 3,098 179 2,864 152 2,635 135 2,549 140 2,815
Total 3,265 3,043 2,787 2,684 2,955
                     
Other* 20 151 5 96 8 125 17 116 15 125
Total 171 101 133 133 140
                     
  502 7,759 495 7,866 493 7,850 499 7,436 425 7,669
Total Admissions 8,261 8,361 8,343 7,935 8,094

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*“Other” includes transfers from other jurisdictions (exchange of services), terminations, transfers from foreign countries, and admissions where a release is interrupted as a consequence of a new conviction.

These numbers refer to the federal jurisdiction admissions during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The number of women admitted from the courts to federal jurisdiction decreased in 2012-13

Figure C4

The number of women admitted from the courts to federal  jurisdiction decreased in 2012-13

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Table C4
Year Warrant of Committal Admissions Total
  Women   Men
  # % # %  
2003-04 237 5.6 3,991 94.4 4,228
2004-05 236 5.2 4,317 94.8 4,553
2005-06 274 5.7 4,508 94.3 4,782
2006-07 318 6.2 4,789 93.8 5,107
2007-08 309 6.2 4,691 93.8 5,000
2008-09 315 6.5 4,510 93.5 4,825
2009-10 311 6.0 4,906 94.0 5,217
2010-11 333 6.1 5,090 93.9 5,423
2011-12 347 6.8 4,771 93.2 5,118
2012-13 270 5.4 4,729 94.6 4,999

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Almost half of offenders under federal jurisdiction are serving a sentence of 5 years or longer

Figure C5

Almost half of offenders under federal jurisdiction are serving a sentence of 5 years or longer

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Total Offender Population includes male and female federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions and those on temporary absence), offenders who are temporarily detained, actively supervised, and those that have been deported.

Offenders serving a sentence less than 2 years includes offenders transferred from foreign countries or offenders under a long term supervision order who received a new sentence of less than 2 years.

Table C5
Sentence Length 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
  # % # % # % # % # %
< than 2 years 95 0.4 102 0.5 92 0.4 97 0.4 131 0.6
2 years to < 3 years 5,796 26.3 5,723 25.7 5,945 26.0 5,836 25.2 5,508 23.7
3 years to < 4 years 3,238 14.7 3,372 15.2 3,562 15.6 3,669 15.8 3,762 16.2
4 years to < 5 years 2,110 9.6 2,165 9.7 2,230 9.8 2,319 10.0 2,409 10.4
5 years to < 6 years 1,476 6.7 1,517 6.8 1,543 6.7 1,616 7.0 1,630 7.0
6 years to < 7 years 945 4.3 965 4.3 1,011 4.4 1,018 4.4 1,095 4.7
7 years to < 10 years 1,530 7.0 1,557 7.0 1,612 7.1 1,686 7.3 1,753 7.5
10 years to < 15 years 1,072 4.9 1,044 4.7 1,025 4.5 1,008 4.4 988 4.3
15 years and more 824 3.7 742 3.3 701 3.1 647 2.8 621 2.7
Indeterminate 4,916 22.3 5,053 22.7 5,142 22.5 5,260 22.7 5,347 23.0
Total 22,002 100 22,240 100 22,863 100 23,156 100 23,244 100

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Total Offender Population includes male and female federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions and those on temporary absence), offenders who are temporarily detained, actively supervised, and those that have been deported.

Offenders serving a sentence less than 2 years includes offenders transferred from foreign countries or offenders under a long term supervision order who received a new sentence of less than 2 years.

Offender age at admission to federal jurisdiction is increasing

Figure C6

Offender age at admission to federal jurisdiction is increasing

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Table C6
Age at Admission 2003-04 2012-13
Women Men Total Women Men Total
  # % # % # % # % # % # %
Under 18 0 0.0 6 0.2 6 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0
18 and 19 11 4.6 177 4.4 188 4.4 5 1.9 135 2.9 140 2.8
20 to 24 43 18.1 797 20.0 840 19.9 60 22.2 847 17.9 907 18.1
25 to 29 35 14.8 653 16.4 688 16.3 52 19.3 907 19.2 959 19.2
30 to 34 42 17.7 665 16.7 707 16.7 40 14.8 726 15.4 766 15.3
35 to 39 36 15.2 627 15.7 663 15.7 28 10.4 552 11.7 580 11.6
40 to 44 36 15.2 459 11.5 495 11.7 32 11.9 496 10.5 528 10.6
45 to 49 17 7.2 305 7.6 322 7.6 26 9.6 427 9.0 453 9.1
50 to 59 15 6.3 229 5.7 244 5.8 21 7.8 435 9.2 456 9.1
60 to 69 2 0.8 63 1.6 65 1.5 5 1.9 163 3.4 168 3.4
70 and over 0 0.0 10 0.3 10 0.2 1 0.4 40 0.8 41 0.8
Total 237   3,991   4,228   270   4,729   4,999  

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The average age at admission is lower for Aboriginal offenders than for non-Aboriginal offenders

Figure C7

The average age at admission is lower for Aboriginal offenders than for non-Aboriginal offenders

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C7
Age at Admission 2003-04 2012-13
Aboriginal Non- Aboriginal Total Aboriginal Non- Aboriginal Total
  # % # % # % # % # % # %
Under 18 4 0.5 2 0.1 6 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0
18 and 19 62 7.8 126 3.7 188 4.4 42 4.0 98 2.5 140 2.8
20 to 24 201 25.3 639 18.6 840 19.9 228 21.7 679 17.2 907 18.1
25 to 29 148 18.6 540 15.7 688 16.3 232 22.1 727 18.4 959 19.2
30 to 34 126 15.8 581 16.9 707 16.7 172 16.4 594 15.0 766 15.3
35 to 39 121 15.2 542 15.8 663 15.7 121 11.5 459 11.6 580 11.6
40 to 44 66 8.3 429 12.5 495 11.7 106 10.1 422 10.7 528 10.6
45 to 49 43 5.4 279 8.1 322 7.6 82 7.8 371 9.4 453 9.1
50 to 59 20 2.5 224 6.5 244 5.8 52 5.0 404 10.2 456 9.1
60 to 69 5 0.6 60 1.7 65 1.5 15 1.4 153 3.9 168 3.4
70 and over 0 0.0 10 0.3 10 0.2 0 0.0 41 1.0 41 0.8
Total 796   3,432   4,228   1,050   3,949   4,999  

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

21% of the federal incarcerated offender population is aged 50 or over

Figure C8

21% of the federal incarcerated offender population is aged 50 or over

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Statistics Canada.

Note:

*2013 Postcensal Estimates, Demography Division, Statistics Canada and include only those age 18 and older.

Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, as well as those on temporary absences.

Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

The data presented is a snapshot of the offender population as of April 14, 2013.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C8
Age Incarcerated Community Total % of Canadian Adult Population*
  # % # % # % %
Under 18 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0
18 and 19 108 0.7 2 0.0 110 0.5 3.3
20 to 24 1,734 11.8 587 6.9 2,321 10.0 8.7
25 to 29 2,356 16.0 1,057 12.4 3,413 14.7 8.5
30 to 34 2,198 14.9 1,112 13.1 3,310 14.2 8.6
35 to 39 1,790 12.1 960 11.3 2,750 11.8 8.2
40 to 44 1,743 11.8 954 11.2 2,697 11.6 8.4
45 to 49 1,647 11.2 938 11.0 2,585 11.1 9.1
50 to 54 1,285 8.7 893 10.5 2,178 9.4 9.8
55 to 59 830 5.6 707 8.3 1,537 6.6 8.9
60 to 64 528 3.6 478 5.6 1,006 4.3 7.5
65 to 69 295 2.0 383 4.5 678 2.9 6.2
70 and over 231 1.6 428 5.0 659 2.8 12.9
Total 14,745 100.0 8,499 100.0 23,244 100.0 100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Statistics Canada.

Note:

*2013 Postcensal Estimates, Demography Division, Statistics Canada and include only those age 18 and older.

Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, as well as those on temporary absences.

Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

The data presented is a snapshot of the offender population as of April 14, 2013.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

61% of federal offenders are Caucasian

Figure C9

61% of federal offenders are Caucasian

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These data are self-identified by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution. In addition, race groupings on the offender management system has changed, therefore comparisons with 2008-09 and 2012-13 should be made with caution.

“Aboriginal” includes offenders who are Inuit, Innu, Métis and North American Indian.

“Asian” includes offenders who are Arab, Asiatic, Chinese, East Indian, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South East Asian and South Asian.

“Hispanic” includes offenders who are Hispanic and Latin American.

The data reflects the total offender population, which includes male and female federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, and those on temporary absence) and offenders who are on community supervision. Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C9
  Offender Population
    2008-09   2012-13
  # % # %
Aboriginal 3,788 17.2 4,764 20.5
Inuit 163 0.7 207 0.9
Métis 997 4.5 1,194 5.1
North American Indian 2,628 11.9 3,363 14.5
Asian 1,054 4.8 1,414 6.1
Arab/West Asian 207 0.9 341 1.5
Asiatic 92 0.4 64 0.3
Chinese 135 0.6 159 0.7
East Indian 28 0.1 17 0.1
Filipino 55 0.2 74 0.3
Japanese 7 0.0 7 0.0
Korean 10 0.0 20 0.1
South East Asian 337 1.5 467 2.0
South Asian 183 0.8 398 1.7
Black 1,623 7.4 2,060 8.9
Caucasian 14,691 66.8 14,247 61.3
Hispanic 182 0.8 263 1.1
Hispanic 15 0.1 11 0.0
Latin American 167 0.8 252 1.1
Other/Unknown 664 3.0 496 2.1
Total 22,002 100.0 23,244 100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These data are self-identified by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

“Aboriginal” includes offenders who are Inuit, Innu, Métis and North American Indian.

“Asian” includes offenders who are Arab, Asiatic, Chinese, East Indian, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South East Asian and South Asian.

“Hispanic” includes offenders who are Hispanic and Latin American.

The data reflects the total offender population, which includes male and female federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, and those on temporary absence) and offenders who are on community supervision. Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The religious identification of the offender population is diverse

Figure C10

The religious identification of the offender population is diverse

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Religious identification is self-declared by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

“Catholic” includes offenders who are Catholic, Roman-Catholic, Greek-Catholic, Native-Catholic and Ukrainian-Catholic.

“Orthodox” includes offenders who are Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox and Ukrainian Orthodox.

“Protestant” includes offenders who are Anglican, Baptist, Christian Missionary, Christian Reform, Church of Science, Hutterite, Lutheran, Mennonite, Moravian, Native Spirit, Nazarene Christ, Pentecostal, Philadelphia Church of God, Presbyterian, Protestant, Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventist, United Church, Christ Methodist, Christ Wesleyan and Worldwide Church.

“Other” includes other declared identifications such as Agnostic, Atheist, Baha'i, Christian Science, Hindu, Independent Spirit, Jehovah's Witness, Mormon, Rastafarian, Scientology, Siddha Yoga, Taoism, Unitarian, Pagan, Sufiism, Wicca, Zoroastrian, Krisha and Asatruar Pagan.

The data reflect the total offender population, which includes federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, and those on temporary absence) and federal offenders who are on community supervision. Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C10
  Offender Population
    2008-09   2012-13
  # % # %
Catholic 8,624 39.2 8,362 36.0
Protestant 4,429 20.1 3,522 15.2
Muslim 880 4.0 1,201 5.2
Native Spirituality 820 3.7 1,095 4.7
Buddhist 393 1.8 505 2.2
Jewish 155 0.7 188 0.8
Orthodox 104 0.5 98 0.4
Sikh 131 0.6 181 0.8
Other 1,448 6.6 2,515 10.8
None 3,373 15.3 3,606 15.5
Unknown 1,645 7.5 1,971 8.5
Total 22,002 100.0 23,244 100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Religious identification is self-declared by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

“Catholic” includes offenders who are Catholic, Roman-Catholic, Greek-Catholic, Native-Catholic and Ukrainian-Catholic.

“Orthodox” includes offenders who are Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox and Ukrainian Orthodox.

“Protestant” includes offenders who are Anglican, Baptist, Christian Missionary, Christian Reform, Church of Science, Hutterite, Lutheran, Mennonite, Moravian, Native Spirit, Nazarene Christ, Pentecostal, Philadelphia Church of God, Presbyterian, Protestant, Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventist, United Church, Christ Methodist, Christ Wesleyan and Worldwide Church.

“Other” includes other declared identifications such as Agnostic, Atheist, Baha'i, Christian Science, Hindu, Independent Spirit, Jehovah's Witness, Mormon, Rastafarian, Scientology, Siddha Yoga, Taoism, Unitarian, Pagan, Sufiism, Wicca, Zoroastrian, Krisha and Asatruar Pagan.

The data reflect the total offender population, which includes federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, and those on temporary absence) and federal offenders who are on community supervision. Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The proportion of Aboriginal offenders incarcerated is higher than for non-Aboriginal offenders

Figure C11

The proportion of Aboriginal offenders incarcerated is higher than for non-Aboriginal offenders

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*2006 Census, Statistics Canada.

Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, as well as those on temporary absence. The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C11
    Incarcerated Community Total
    # % # %  
Men            
2009-10 Aboriginal 2,629 70.6 1,097 29.4 3,726
  Non-Aboriginal 10,399 59.6 7,048 40.4 17,447
  Total 13,028 61.5 8,145 38.5 21,173
2010-11 Aboriginal 2,875 72.8 1,072 27.2 3,947
  Non-Aboriginal 10,776 60.5 7,041 39.5 17,817
  Total 13,651 62.7 8,113 37.3 21,764
2011-12 Aboriginal 2,966 71.5 1,184 28.5 4,150
  Non-Aboriginal 10,850 60.7 7,017 39.3 17,867
  Total 13,816 62.8 8,201 37.2 22,017
2012-13 Aboriginal 3,197 71.6 1,266 28.4 4,463
  Non-Aboriginal 10,969 62.1 6,706 37.9 17,675
  Total 14,166 64.0 7,972 36.0 22,138
             
Women            
2009-10 Aboriginal 164 62.4 99 37.6 263
  Non-Aboriginal 339 42.2 465 57.8 804
  Total 503 47.1 564 52.9 1,067
2010-11 Aboriginal 182 63.0 107 37.0 289
  Non-Aboriginal 388 47.9 422 52.1 810
  Total 570 51.9 529 48.1 1,099
2011-12 Aboriginal 205 65.1 110 34.9 315
  Non-Aboriginal 398 48.3 426 51.7 824
  Total 603 52.9 536 47.1 1,139
2012-13 Aboriginal 191 63.5 110 36.5 301
  Non-Aboriginal 388 48.2 417 51.8 805
  Total 579 52.4 527 47.6 1,106

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, as well as those on temporary absence.

Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The majority of incarcerated federal offenders are classified as medium security risk

Figure C12

The majority of incarcerated federal offenders are classified as medium security risk

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The data represent the offender security level decision, as of April 14, 2013.

Incarcerated offenders include male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, as well as those on temporary absence.

Table C12
Security Risk Level Aboriginal Non-Aboriginal Total
  # % # % # %
Minimum 536 16.6 2,591 24.8 3,127 22.9
Medium 2,111 65.6 6,354 60.9 8,465 62.0
Maximum 573 17.8 1,484 14.2 2,057 15.1
Total 3,220 100.0 10,429 100.0 13,649 100.0
             
Not Yet Determined* 168   928   1,096  
             
Total 3,388   11,357   14,745  

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The “Not Yet Determined” category includes offenders who have not yet been classified.

The data represent the offender security level decision, as of April 14, 2013.

Incarcerated offenders include male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, as well as those on temporary absence.

Admissions with a life or indeterminate sentence were stable in 2012-13

Figure C13

Admissions with a life or indeterminate sentence were stable in 2012-13

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example, for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Table C13
Year Aboriginal Offenders Non-Aboriginal Offenders Total
Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total
2003-04 0 21 21 2 118 120 2 139 141
2004-05 1 28 29 5 115 120 6 143 149
2005-06 4 40 44 9 123 132 13 163 176
2006-07 5 32 36 10 122 132 14 154 168
2007-08 4 33 37 4 134 138 8 167 175
2008-09 4 34 38 2 131 133 6 165 171
2009-10 6 43 49 7 138 145 13 181 194
2010-11 3 31 34 6 133 139 9 164 173
2011-12 7 41 48 9 117 126 16 158 174
2012-13 6 38 44 2 124 126 8 162 170

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

This table combines offenders serving life sentences and offenders serving indeterminate sentences.

Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example, for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period.

Offenders with life or indeterminate sentences represent 23% of the total offender population

Figure C14

Offenders with life or indeterminate sentences represent 23% of the total offender population

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences may both result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example, for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period. The Dangerous Sexual Offender and Habitual Offender designations were replaced with Dangerous Offender Legislation in 1977.

Table C14
  Offenders under
CSC Jurisdiction
Current Status
Custody Community
Incarcerated Day Parole Full Parole Other***
  # %        
Offenders with a life sentence for:            
1st Degree Murder 1,115 4.8 912 37 166 0
2nd Degree Murder 3,467 14.9 1,911 224 1,332 0
Other Offences* 218 0.9 115 10 93 0
Total 4,800 20.7 2,938 271 1,591 0
             
Offenders with indeterminate sentences resulting from the special designation of:
Dangerous Offender 486 2.1 468 7 11 0
Dangerous Sexual Offender 25 0.1 11 0 14 0
Habitual Offenders 3 0.0 0 0 3 0
Total 514 2.2 479 7 28 0
             
Offenders serving an indeterminate sentence (due to a special designation) and a life sentence (due to an offence):
  21 0.1 19 0 2 0
Total offenders with Life and/or Indeterminate sentence 5,335 23.0 3,436 278 1,621 0
Offenders Serving Determinate sentences** 17,909 77.0 11,309 966 1,767 3,867
Total 23,244 100.0 14,745 1,244 3,388 3,867

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*“Other offences” include Schedule 1, Schedule 2 and Non-Schedule types of offences.

**This includes 31 offenders designated as Dangerous Offenders who are serving determinate sentences.

***“Other” in the Community includes federal offenders on statutory release or on a long term supervision order.

Among the 21 offenders serving an indeterminate sentence (due to a special designation) and a life sentence (due to an offence), there is one Habitual Offender.

68% of federal offenders are serving a sentence for a violent offence*

Figure C15

68% of federal offenders are serving a sentence for a violent offence*

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Violent offences include Murder I, Murder II and Schedule I offences.

Schedule I is comprised of sexual offences and other violent crimes excluding first and second degree murder (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

Schedule II is comprised of serious drug offences or conspiracy to commit serious drug offences (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

In cases where the offender is serving a sentence for more than one offence, the data reflect the most serious offence.

Table C15
Offence Category Aboriginal Non-Aboriginal Total
Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total
Murder I 9 182 191 30 913 943 39 1,095 1,134
Percent 3.0 4.1 4.0 3.7 5.2 5.1 3.5 4.9 4.9
                   
Murder II 48 595 643 111 2,730 2,841 159 3,325 3,484
Percent 15.9 13.3 13.5 13.8 15.4 15.4 14.4 15.0 15.0
                   
Schedule I 161 2,722 2,883 259 8,144 8,403 420 10,866 11,286
Percent 53.5 61.0 60.5 32.2 46.1 45.5 38.0 49.1 48.6
                   
Schedule II 42 331 373 249 3,135 3,384 291 3,466 3,757
Percent 14.0 7.4 7.8 30.9 17.7 18.3 26.3 15.7 16.2
                   
Non-Schedule 41 633 674 156 2,753 2,909 197 3,386 3,583
Percent 13.6 14.2 14.1 19.4 15.6 15.7 17.8 15.3 15.4
  301 4,463   805 17,675   1,106 22,138  
Total 4,465   18,691   23,156  

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Violent offences include Murder I, Murder II and Schedule I offences.

Schedule I is comprised of sexual offences and other violent crimes excluding first and second degree murder (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

Schedule II is comprised of serious drug offences or conspiracy to commit serious drug offences (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

In cases where the offender is serving a sentence for more than one offence, the data reflect the most serious offence.

The data reflect the total offender population, which includes male and female federal offenders who are incarcerated (serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, and those on temporary absence) and federal offenders who are on community supervision. Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

These figures are based on the offender population as of April 14, 2013.

The number of Aboriginal offenders under federal jurisdiction has increased

Figure C16

The number of Aboriginal offenders under federal jurisdiction has increased

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Incarcerated includes male and female federal offenders serving their sentences in federal or provincial institutions, as well as those on temporary absence.

**Community supervision includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

Table C16
Aboriginal Offenders   Fiscal Year
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Incarcerated            
Atlantic Region Men 118 111 109 125 152
  Women 5 9 9 17 14
Quebec Region Men 250 273 323 361 369
  Women 10 12 10 11 10
Ontario Region Men 373 398 417 460 461
  Women 25 24 40 36 35
Prairie Region Men 1,292 1,418 1,577 1,542 1,699
  Women 89 100 94 111 101
Pacific Region Men 427 429 449 478 516
  Women 28 19 29 30 31
National Total Men 2,460 2,629 2,875 2,966 3,197
  Women 157 164 182 205 191
  Total 2,617 2,793 3,057 3,171 3,388
             
Community            
Atlantic Region Men 45 50 48 39 41
  Women 6 6 9 8 12
Quebec Region Men 83 103 105 140 141
  Women 2 1 6 4 4
Ontario Region Men 142 165 170 167 191
  Women 21 18 21 25 21
Prairie Region Men 574 534 526 595 633
  Women 64 54 56 55 57
Pacific Region Men 214 245 223 243 260
  Women 20 20 15 18 16
National Total Men 1,058 1,097 1,072 1,184 1,266
  Women 113 99 107 110 110
  Total 1,171 1,196 1,179 1,294 1,376
             
Total Incarcerated & Community 3,788 3,989 4,236 4,465 4,764

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Regional statistics for the Correctional Service of Canada account for data relating to the northern territories in the following manner: data for Nunavut are reported in the Ontario Region, data for the Northwest Territories are reported in the Prairies region, and data for the Yukon Territories are reported in the Pacific Region.

The total number of admissions to administrative segregation has fluctuated

Figure C17

The total number of admissions to administrative segregation has fluctuated

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission. Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

Administrative segregation is the involuntary or voluntary separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision.

Voluntary administrative segregation is when the inmate requests placement in administrative segregation, and the Institutional Head believes, on reasonable grounds, that the continued presence of the inmate in the general population would jeopardize the inmate's own safety and that there is no reasonable alternative to placement in administrative segregation.

Involuntary administrative segregation is when the placement meets the requirements of subsection 31(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act and the placement in administrative segregation is not voluntary.

Table C17
Year and Type of Administrative Segregation By Gender By Race
Women Men Total Aboriginal Non- Aboriginal Total
2008-09            
Involuntary 388 5,752 6,140 1,495 4,645 6,140
Voluntary 33 1,446 1,479 410 1,069 1,479
Total 421 7,198 7,619 1,905 5,714 7,619
             
2009-10            
Involuntary 332 5,886 6,218 1,573 4,645 6,218
Voluntary 18 1,272 1,290 379 911 1,290
Total 350 7,158 7,508 1,952 5,556 7,508
             
2010-11            
Involuntary 384 6,293 6,677 1,790 4,887 6,677
Voluntary 11 1,403 1,414 440 974 1,414
Total 395 7,696 8,091 2,230 5,861 8,091
             
2011-12            
Involuntary 393 6,548 6,941 1,810 5,131 6,941
Voluntary 24 1,358 1,382 439 943 1,382
Total 417 7,906 8,323 2,249 6,074 8,323
             
2012-13            
Involuntary 390 6,322 6,712 1,895 4,817 6,712
Voluntary 26 1,483 1,509 507 1,002 1,509
Total 416 7,805 8,221 2,402 5,819 8,221

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission. Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

Administrative segregation is the involuntary or voluntary separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision.

Voluntary administrative segregation is when the inmate requests placement in administrative segregation, and the Institutional Head believes, on reasonable grounds, that the continued presence of the inmate in the general population would jeopardize the inmate's own safety and that there is no reasonable alternative to placement in administrative segregation.

Involuntary administrative segregation is when the placement meets the requirements of subsection 31(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act and the placement in administrative segregation is not voluntary.

The number of offender deaths while in custody has fluctuated

Figure C18

The number of offender deaths while in custody has fluctuated

Source: Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Note:

*Other causes of death include: natural causes, accidental deaths, death as a result of a legal intervention, other causes of death and where cause of death was not stated.

**For the calculation of rates, the total actual in-count numbers between 2001-02 and 2010-11 was used as the denominator.

The data on cause of death are subject to change following an official review or investigation, and should be used/interpreted with caution. The data presented were provided by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics at Statistics Canada, and may not reflect the outcome of recent reviews or investigations on cause of death.

Table C18
Year Type of Death
  Homicide   Suicide   Other* Total
  # % # % # % #
Federal              
2001-02 1 2.0 13 25.5 37 72.5 51
2002-03 2 4.1 12 24.5 35 71.4 49
2003-04 8 11.9 11 16.4 48 71.6 67
2004-05 3 6.1 9 18.4 37 75.5 49
2005-06 3 6.1 10 20.4 36 73.5 49
2006-07 3 4.9 10 16.4 48 78.7 61
2007-08 1 2.5 5 12.5 34 85.0 40
2008-09 2 3.1 9 13.8 54 83.1 65
2009-10 1 2.0 9 18.4 39 79.6 49
2010-11 5 10.0 4 8.0 41 82.0 50
Total 29 5.5 92 17.4 409 77.2 530
               
Provincial              
2001-02 0 0.0 17 41.5 24 58.5 41
2002-03 2 7.1 14 50.0 12 42.9 28
2003-04 0 0.0 7 38.9 11 61.1 18
2004-05 0 0.0 12 25.0 36 75.0 48
2005-06 2 4.0 20 40.0 28 56.0 50
2006-07 0 0.0 8 23.5 26 76.5 34
2007-08 0 0.0 6 20.7 23 79.3 29
2008-09 1 3.0 7 21.2 25 75.8 33
2009-10 0 0.0 0 0.0 24 100.0 24
2010-11 0 0.0 1 4.3 22 95.7 23
Total 5 1.5 92 28.1 231 70.3 328
               
Total Federal and Provincial Offender Deaths 34 4.0 184 21.5 640 74.6 858

Source: Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Note:

*Other causes of death include: natural causes, accidental deaths, death as a result of a legal intervention, other causes of death and where cause of death was not stated.

Percent calculation include deaths where the cause was unknown. Between 1999-00 and 2010-11, there were 29 deaths in federal custody and 83 deaths in provincial custody where the cause was unknown.

The data on cause of death are subject to change following an official review or investigation, and should be used/interpreted with caution. The data presented were provided by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics at Statistics Canada, and may not reflect the outcome of recent reviews or investigations on cause of death.

The number of escapes has fluctuated

Figure C19

The number of escapes has fluctuated

Source: Security, Correctional Service Canada.

Table C19
Type of Escapes 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Escapes from Multi-level Institutions 1 0 0 0 0
Number of Escapees 1 0 0 0 0
Escapes from Maximum Security Level Institutions 0 0 0 0 0
Number of Escapees 0 0 0 0 0
Escapes from Medium Security Level Institutions 0 1 0 0 0
Number of Escapees 0 1 0 0 0
Escapes from Minimum Security Level Institutions 21 28 14 15 18
Number of Escapees 23 30 17 16 24
Total Number of Escape Incidents 22 29 14 15 18
Total Number of Escapees 24 31 17 16 24

Source: Security, Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The data represent the number of escape incidents from federal facilities during each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

An escape incident can involve more than one offender.

The supervised federal offender population in the community has remained stable since 2008-09

Figure C20

The supervised federal offender population in the community has remained stable since 2008-09

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

**The data presented above do not include offenders temporarily detained following suspension of a conditional release, offenders who were on long term supervision orders (See Figure/Table E4), offenders paroled for deportation or offenders unlawfully at large.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

Table C20
Year Supervision Type of Federal Offenders
Day Parole Full Parole Statutory Release Totals % change*
Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Both Both
2003-04 67 987 259 3,411 42 2,120 368 6,518 6,886 -1.1
2004-05 90 872 249 3,296 69 1,999 408 6,167 6,575 -4.5
2005-06 75 1,001 285 3,231 64 1,999 424 6,231 6,655 1.2
2006-07 97 973 289 3,243 64 2,116 450 6,332 6,782 1.9
2007-08 102 957 292 3,251 89 2,100 483 6,308 6,791 0.1
2008-09 86 927 322 3,263 103 2,387 511 6,577 7,088 4.4
2009-10 100 988 313 3,271 82 2,347 495 6,606 7,101 0.2
2010-11 69 943 302 3,331 97 2,358 468 6,632 7,100 -0.1
2011-12 112 1,042 240 3,073 119 2,481 471 6,596 7,067 -0.5
2012-13 102 1,038 215 2,853 123 2,604 440 6,495 6,935 -1.9

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Percent change is measured from the previous year.

These cases reflect the number of offenders on active supervision at fiscal year end. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The data presented above do not include offenders temporarily detained following suspension of a conditional release, offenders who were on long term supervision orders (See Figure/Table E4), offenders paroled for deportation or offenders unlawfully at large.

Provincial/territorial community corrections population decreased in 2011-12

Figure C21

Provincial/territorial community corrections population decreased in 2011-12

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

A conditional sentence is a disposition of the court where the offender serves a term of imprisonment in the community under specified conditions. This type of sentence can only be imposed in cases where the term of imprisonment would be less than two years. Conditional sentences have been a provincial and territorial sentencing option since September 1996.

To allow for comparisons, the numbers exclude information from Newfoundland & Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, as complete statistics for these jurisdictions were not available. As a result of these changes, the data presented in this year's report may not be comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Table C21
Year Average Monthly Offender
Counts on Probation
Average Monthly Offender
Counts on Conditional Sentence
Total
2002-03 98,280 12,688 110,968
2003-04 94,162 13,050 107,212
2004-05 91,991 13,319 105,309
2005-06 91,663 13,401 105,063
2006-07 92,835 12,907 105,741
2007-08 94,709 12,605 107,314
2008-09 95,874 13,186 109,060
2009-10 99,427 13,363 112,790
2010-11 99,907 12,987 112,894
2011-12 96,643 12,572 109,215

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

A conditional sentence is a disposition of the court where the offender serves a term of imprisonment in the community under specified conditions. This type of sentence can only be imposed in cases where the term of imprisonment would be less than two years. Conditional sentences have been a provincial and territorial sentencing option since September 1996.

To allow for comparisons, the numbers exclude information from Newfoundland & Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, as complete statistics for these jurisdictions were not available. As a result of these changes, the data presented in this year's report may not be comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

The number of offenders on provincial parole has decreased over the past decade

Figure C22

The number of offenders on provincial parole has decreased over the past decade

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Note:

Provincial parole boards operate in Quebec and Ontario. On April 1, 2007, the Parole Board of Canada assumed responsibility for parole decisions relating to offenders serving sentences in British Columbia's provincial correctional facilities. The Parole Board of Canada has jurisdiction over granting parole to provincial offenders in the Atlantic and Prairie provinces, British Columbia, and to territorial offenders in the Yukon, Nunavut and Northwest Territories.

Table C22
Year Average Monthly Counts on Provincial Parole
Provincial Boards Parole Board of Canada** Total Percent Change
Quebec Ontario British Columbia* Total
2002-03 581 210 223 1,014 195 1,209 -25,1
2003-04 550 146 189 885 190 1,075 -11,1
2004-05 517 127 166 810 176 986 -8,3
2005-06 628 152 147 926 163 1,089 10.4
2006-07 593 142 120 855 136 991 -9.0
2007-08 581 205 n/a 785 237 1,022 3.1
2008-09 533 217 n/a 750 190 940 -8.0
2009-10 506 194 n/a 700 168 868 -7.7
2010-11 482 171 n/a 653 151 804 -7.4
2011-12 481 179 n/a 660 130 790 -1.8

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*On April 1, 2007, the Parole Board of Canada assumed responsibility for parole decisions relating to offenders serving sentences in British Columbia's provincial correctional facilities.

**The data represent the number of provincial offenders who are released from custody on the authority of the Parole Board of Canada and supervised by the Correctional Service of Canada.

Provincial parole boards operate in Quebec and Ontario. The Parole Board of Canada has jurisdiction over granting parole to provincial offenders in the Atlantic and Prairie provinces, British Columbia, and to territorial offenders in the Yukon, Nunavut and Northwest Territories.

Section D: Conditional Release

The federal day and full parole grant rates are increased in 2012-13

Figure D1

The federal day and full parole grant rates are increased in 2012-13

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Comparison of the grant rates for federal day and full parole should be done with caution. On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions between 2003-04 and 2010-11 and in 2012- 13 in British Columbia were excluded. However, comparisons should be made with caution as the decisions made in 2011-12 and 2012-13 include decisions for a greater proportion of first-time non-violent offenders than in previous years.

Table D1
Type of Release Year Granted Denied Grant Rate (%)
Female Male Female Male Female Male Total
Day Parole 2003-04 113 2,117 18 770 86.3 73.3 73.9
  2004-05 169 2,062 22 724 88.5 74.0 74.9
  2005-06 128 2,111 25 719 83.7 74.6 75.1
  2006-07 143 2,039 31 876 82.2 69.9 70.6
  2007-08 162 2,001 22 776 88.0 72.1 73.0
  2008-09 134 1,909 24 825 84.8 69.8 70.6
  2009-10 150 1,960 40 967 78.9 67.0 67.7
  2010-11 134 1,854 40 1,151 77.0 61.7 62.5
  2011-12 248 2,489 64 1,445 79.5 63.3 64.5
  2012-13 286 2,817 70 1,416 80.3 66.5 67.6
Full Parole 2003-04 50 551 48 1,864 51.0 22.8 23.9
  2004-05 56 545 71 1,724 44.1 24.0 25.1
  2005-06 38 533 67 1,924 36.2 21.7 22.3
  2006-07 41 523 81 2,035 33.6 20.4 21.0
  2007-08 40 489 70 1,990 36.4 19.7 20.4
  2008-09 43 495 61 2,017 41.3 19.7 20.6
  2009-10 32 459 88 2,078 26.7 18.1 18.5
  2010-11 20 436 85 2,207 19.0 16.5 16.6
  2011-12 76 643 125 2,307 37.8 21.8 22.8
  2012-13 90 912 140 2,322 39.1 28.2 28.9

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Comparison of the grant rates for federal day and full parole should be done with caution. On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions between 2003-04 and 2010-11 and in 2012-13 in British Columbia were excluded. However, comparisons should be made with caution as the decisions made in 2011-12 and 2012-13 include decisions for a greater proportion of first-time non-violent offenders than in previous years.

The federal full parole grant rate for Aboriginal offenders increased for the third consecutive year

Figure D2

The federal full parole grant rate for Aboriginal offenders increased for the third consecutive year

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Comparison of the grant rates for federal day and full parole should be done with caution. On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions between 2003-04 and 2010-11 and in 2012- 13 in British Columbia were excluded. However, comparisons should be made with caution as the decisions made in 2011-12 and 2012-13 include decisions for a greater proportion of first-time non-violent offenders than in previous years.

Table D2
Type of Release Year Aboriginal Non-Aboriginal Total Number Granted/Denied
Number Granted Number Denied Grant Rate (%) Number Granted Number Denied Grant Rate (%)
Day Parole 2003-04 416 114 78.5 1,814 674 72.9 3,018
  2004-05 430 99 81.3 1,801 647 73.6 2,977
  2005-06 488 118 80.5 1,751 626 73.7 2,983
  2006-07 441 167 72.5 1,741 740 70.2 3,089
  2007-08 400 124 76.3 1,763 674 72.3 2,961
  2008-09 376 150 71.5 1,667 699 70.5 2,892
  2009-10 392 195 66.8 1,718 812 67.9 3,117
  2010-11 359 272 56.9 1,629 919 63.9 3,179
  2011-12 450 324 58.1 2,291 1,183 65.9 4,248
  2012-13 535 310 63.3 2,568 1,176 68.6 4,589
Full Parole 2003-04 115 311 27.0 486 1,601 23.3 2,513
  2004-05 112 301 27.1 489 1,494 24.7 2,396
  2005-06 105 381 21.6 466 1,610 22.4 2,562
  2006-07 75 390 16.1 489 1,726 22.1 2,680
  2007-08 79 343 18.7 451 1,717 20.8 2,590
  2008-09 73 371 16.4 465 1,707 21.4 2,616
  2009-10 49 383 11.3 442 1,783 19.9 2,657
  2010-11 70 452 13.4 385 1,840 17.3 2,747
  2011-12 74 445 14.3 645 1,995 24.4 3,159
  2012-13 96 458 17.3 906 2,004 31.1 3,464

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Comparison of the grant rates for federal day and full parole should be done with caution. On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions between 2003-04 and 2010-11 and in 2012-13 in British Columbia were excluded. However, comparisons should be made with caution as the decisions made in 2011-12 and 2012-13 include decisions for a greater proportion of first-time non-violent offenders than in previous years.

Federal parole hearings involving an aboriginal cultural advisor have fluctuated

Figure D3

Federal parole hearings involving an aboriginal cultural advisor have fluctuated

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The presence of an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor is an alternative approach to the traditional parole hearing, and was introduced by the Parole Board of Canada to ensure that conditional release hearings were sensitive to Aboriginal cultural values and traditions. This type of hearing is available to both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders.

Table D3
Year Hearings held with an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor
Aboriginal Offenders Non-Aboriginal Offenders All Offenders
Total Hearings With Cultural Advisor Total Hearings With Cultural Advisor Total Hearings With Cultural Advisor
  # # % # # % # # %
2003-04 1,262 550 43.6 5,086 73 1.4 6,348 623 9.8
2004-05 1,344 615 45.8 5,036 97 1.9 6,380 712 11.2
2005-06 1,395 641 45.9 5,184 101 1.9 6,579 742 11.3
2006-07 1,349 604 44.8 5,287 81 1.5 6,636 685 10.3
2007-08 1,240 470 37.9 4,761 51 1.1 6,001 521 8.7
2008-09 1,194 423 35.4 4,426 55 1.2 5,620 478 8.5
2009-10 1,149 361 31.4 4,532 59 1.3 5,681 420 7.4
2010-11 1,184 433 36.6 4,403 56 1.3 5,587 489 8.8
2011-12 1,206 422 35.0 4,704 48 1.0 5,910 470 8.0
2012-13 1,261 422 33.5 4,699 46 1.0 5,960 468 7.9

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The presence of an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor is an alternative approach to the traditional parole hearing, and was introduced by the Parole Board of Canada to ensure that conditional release hearings were sensitive to Aboriginal cultural values and traditions. This type of hearing is available to both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders.

Proportion of sentence served prior to being released on parole is the highest since 2003-04

Figure D4

Proportion  of sentence served prior to being released on parole is the highest since  2003-04

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole.

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at 6 months before full parole eligibility.

The increases in the average proportion of time served are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Table D4
Year Type of Supervision
First Day Parole First Full Parole
Female Male Total Female Male Total
  Percentage of sentence incarcerated
2003-04 27.5 33.4 33.0 37.5 39.6 39.4
2004-05 28.8 33.3 32.9 37.2 39.6 39.4
2005-06 28.5 32.9 32.5 36.1 39.3 38.9
2006-07 27.4 33.2 32.6 37.2 39.3 39.1
2007-08 30.3 32.3 32.1 37.9 38.4 38.3
2008-09 28.2 32.4 31.9 36.6 38.7 38.4
2009-10 29.5 33.2 32.8 36.1 38.5 38.2
2010-11 29.2 31.8 31.6 36.6 38.0 37.9
2011-12 35.0 38.1 37.8 40.3 41.6 41.5
2012-13 38.8 38.3 38.3 45.4 46.8 46.7

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole.

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at 6 months before full parole eligibility.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review at 1/6 of their sentence.

The increases in the average proportion of time served are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Aboriginal offenders serve a higher proportion of their sentences before being released on parole

Figure D5

Aboriginal offenders serve a higher proportion of their sentences before being released on parole

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole.

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at 6 months before full parole eligibility.

The increases in the average proportion of time served are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Table D5
Year Type of Supervision
First Day Parole First Full Parole
Aboriginal Non-Aboriginal Total Aboriginal Non-Aboriginal Total
  Percentage of sentence incarcerated
2003-04 38.5 31.9 33.0 42.8 38.9 39.4
2004-05 37.2 32.1 32.9 42.2 39.0 39.4
2005-06 36.7 31.8 32.5 42.2 38.5 38.9
2006-07 37.4 31.9 32.6 41.1 38.9 39.1
2007-08 38.3 31.1 32.1 40.9 38.1 38.3
2008-09 38.3 31.0 31.9 41.1 38.2 38.4
2009-10 38.7 31.9 32.8 41.4 37.9 38.2
2010-11 37.4 30.8 31.6 41.4 37.5 37.9
2011-12 41.7 37.1 37.8 43.2 41.3 41.5
2012-13 42.2 37.6 38.3 48.6 46.5 46.7

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole.

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at 6 months before full parole eligibility.

The increases in the average proportion of time served are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Female offenders serve a lower proportion of their sentences than male offenders before being released on parole

Figure D6

Female offenders serve a lower proportion of their sentences than male offenders before being released on parole

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole.

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at 6 months before full parole eligibility.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review at 1/6 of their sentence.

The increases in the average proportion of time served are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Table D6
Year Type of Supervision
First Day Parole First Full Parole
Female Male Total Female Male Total
  Percentage of sentence incarcerated
2003-04 27.5 33.4 33.0 37.5 39.6 39.4
2004-05 28.8 33.3 32.9 37.2 39.6 39.4
2005-06 28.5 32.9 32.5 36.1 39.3 38.9
2006-07 27.4 33.2 32.6 37.2 39.3 39.1
2007-08 30.3 32.3 32.1 37.9 38.4 38.3
2008-09 28.2 32.4 31.9 36.6 38.7 38.4
2009-10 29.5 33.2 32.8 36.1 38.5 38.2
2010-11 29.2 31.8 31.6 36.6 38.0 37.9
2011-12 35.0 38.1 37.8 40.3 41.6 41.5
2012-13 38.8 38.3 38.3 45.4 46.8 46.7

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole.

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at 6 months before full parole eligibility.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review at 1/6 of their sentence.

The increases in the average proportion of time served are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

The majority of federal day paroles are successfully completed

Figure D7

The majority of federal day paroles are successfully completed

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A day parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act) , which came into force on June 13, 2012, expanded the number of offences, listed in Schedule I of the CCRA. It now includes, for example, those convicted of child pornography, aggravated assault of a police officer, or a terrorist offence under the Criminal Code. As a result, some offences that were previously recorded in the data as non-violent are now considered as violent. This has resulted in higher numbers of revocations with a violent offence and lower numbers of revocations with a non-violent offence than in previous versions of this report.

Table D7
Federal Day Parole Outcomes 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
  # % # % # % # % # %
Successful Completion
Regular 1,784 83.9 1,720 86.0 1,750 86.9 1,911 87.4 2,728 89.2
Accelerated 812 84.1 808 86.4 871 90.2 364 89.2 21 95.5
Total 2,596 83.9 2,528 86.1 2,621 88.0 2,275 87.7 2,749 89.3
Revocation for Breach of Conditions*              
Regular 284 13.4 223 11.2 214 10.6 232 10.6 281 9.2
Accelerated 105 10.9 102 10.9 72 7.5 36 8.8 1 4.5
Total 389 12.6 325 11.1 286 9.6 268 10.3 282 9.2
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence              
Regular 42 2.0 42 2.1 39 1.9 37 1.7 45 1.5
Accelerated 44 4.6 23 2.5 23 2.4 7 1.7 0 0
Total 86 2.8 65 2.2 62 2.1 44 1.7 45 1.5
Revocation with Violent Offence**              
Regular 17 0.8 15 0.8 10 0.5 6 0.3 4 0.1
Accelerated 5 0.5 2 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.2 0 0
Total 22 0.7 17 0.6 10 0.3 7 0.3 4 0.1
Total                    
Regular 2,127 68.8 2,000 68.1 2,013 67.6 2,186 84.3 3,058 99.3
Accelerated 966 31.2 935 31.9 966 32.4 408 15.7 22 0.7
Total 3,093 100.0 2,935 100.0 2,979 100.0 2,594 100.0 3,080 100.0

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

**Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences. Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act), which came into force on June 13, 2012, expanded the number of offences in Schedule I (e.g., it now includes child pornography, aggravated assault of a police officer, or a terrorist offence under the Criminal Code). As a result, some offences that were previously recorded in the data as non-violent are now considered as violent. This has resulted in higher numbers of revocations with a violent offence and lower numbers of revocations with a non-violent offence than in previous versions of this report.

Day parole is a type of conditional release in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Eligibility for day parole release normally occurs 6 months prior to full parole.

The majority of federal full paroles are successfully completed

Figure D8

The majority of federal full paroles are successfully completed

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A full parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.
These data do not include offenders serving life or indeterminate sentences as these offenders, by definition, remain under supervision for life.

Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act) , which came into force on June 13, 2012, expanded the number of offences, listed in Schedule I of the CCRA. It now includes, for example, those convicted of child pornography, aggravated assault of a police officer, or a terrorist offence under the Criminal Code. As a result, some offences that were previously recorded in the data as non-violent are now considered as violent. This has resulted in higher numbers of revocations with a violent offence and lower numbers of revocations with a non-violent offence than in previous versions of this report.

Table D8
Federal Full Parole Outcomes* 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
  # % # % # % # % # %
Successful Completion                
Regular 386 80.2 351 79.1 360 80.2 334 82.5 426 80.4
Accelerated 633 70.3 624 73.2 664 74.5 688 77.0 588 89.1
Total 1,019 73.8 975 75.2 1,024 76.4 1,022 78.7 1,014 85.2
Revocation for Breach of Conditions**              
Regular 59 12.3 53 11.9 55 12.2 54 13.3 82 15.5
Accelerated 186 20.7 162 19.0 168 18.9 146 16.3 52 7.9
Total 245 17.7 215 16.6 223 16.6 200 15.4 134 11.3
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence              
Regular 28 5.8 31 7.4 26 5.8 15 3.7 19 3.6
Accelerated 76 8.4 63 7.4 54 6.1 55 6.2 20 3.0
Total 104 7.5 96 7.4 80 6.0 70 5.4 39 3.3
Revocation with Violent Offence***              
Regular 8 1.7 7 1.6 8 1.8 2 0.5 3 0.6
Accelerated 5 0.6 4 0.5 5 0.6 5 0.6 0 0
Total 13 0.9 11 0.8 13 1.0 7 0.5 3 0.3
Total                    
Regular 481 34.8 444 34.2 449 33.5 405 31.2 530 44.5
Accelerated 900 65.2 853 65.8 891 66.5 894 68.8 660 55.5
Total 1,381 100.0 1,297 100.0 1,340 100.0 1,299 100.0 1,190 100.0

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Excludes offenders serving indeterminate sentences because they do not have a warrant expiry date and technically speaking, can only successfully complete full parole upon [their] death.

**Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

***Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences. Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act), which came into force on June 13, 2012, expanded the number of offences in Schedule I. As a result, some offences that were previously recorded in the data as non-violent are now considered as violent.. This has resulted in higher numbers of revocations with a violent offence and lower numbers of revocations with a non-violent offence than in previous versions of this report.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which a portion of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less.

Statutory releases have the lowest rates of successful completion

Figure D9

Statutory  releases have the lowest rates of successful completion

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A statutory release is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act) , which came into force on June 13, 2012, expanded the number of offences, listed in Schedule I of the CCRA. It now includes, for example, those convicted of child pornography, aggravated assault of a police officer, or a terrorist offence under the Criminal Code. As a result, some offences that were previously recorded in the data as non-violent are now considered as violent. This has resulted in higher numbers of revocations with a violent offence and lower numbers of revocations with a non-violent offence than in previous versions of this report.

Table D9
Statutory Release Outcomes 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
  # % # % # % # % # %
Successful Completion 3,484 58.9 3,710 60.8 3,456 61.9 3,438 61.5 3,736 60.6
Revocation for Breach of Conditions* 1,716 29.0 1,665 27.3 1,481 26.5 1,566 28.0 1,894 30.7
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence 562 9.5 574 9.4 527 9.4 470 8.4 439 7.1
Revocation with Violent Offence** 150 2.5 148 2.4 120 2.1 112 2.0 92 1.5
Total 5,912 100.0 6,097 100.0 5,584 100.0 5,586 100.0 6,161 100.0

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

**Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences. Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act), which came into force on June 13, 2012, expanded the number of offences in Schedule I (e.g., it now includes child pornography, aggravated assault of a police officer, or a terrorist offence under the Criminal Code). As a result, some offences that were previously recorded in the data as non-violent are now considered as violent. This has resulted in higher numbers of revocations with a violent offence and lower numbers of revocations with a non-violent offence than in previous versions of this report.

Over the past decade, the rate of violent conviction for offenders while under supervision has declined

Figure D10

Over the past decade, the rate of violent conviction for offenders while under supervision has declined

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Supervised offenders include offenders who are on parole, statutory release, those temporarily detained in federal institutions, and those who are unlawfully at large.

**Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences. Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act), which came into force on June 13, 2012, expanded the number of offences in Schedule I (e.g., it now includes child pornography, aggravated assault of a police officer, or a terrorist offence under the Criminal Code). As a result, some offences that were previously recorded in the data as non-violent are now considered as violent. This has resulted in higher numbers of revocations with a violent offence and lower numbers of revocations with a non-violent offence than in previous versions of this report.

The dotted line between 2011-12 and 2012-13 is intended to signify that due to delays in the court process, these numbers under-represent the actual number of convictions, as verdicts may not have been reached by year-end.

Table D10
Year # of Offenders Convicted for Violent Offences Rate per 1,000 Supervised Offenders*
Day Parole Full Parole Statutory Release Total Day Parole Full Parole Statutory Release
2003-04 19 25 213 257 15 6 72
2004-05 32 36 200 268 26 9 67
2005-06 16 28 178 222 12 7 58
2006-07 25 21 213 259 19 6 67
2007-08 18 22 211 251 14 6 67
2008-09 22 17 150 189 18 4 45
2009-10 17 15 148 180 13 4 46
2010-11 10 18 120 148 8 5 37
2011-12 7 9 112 128 5 3 32
2012-13** 4 6 92 102 3 2 26

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Supervised offenders include offenders who are on parole, statutory release, those temporarily detained in federal institutions, and those who are unlawfully at large.

**Due to delays in the court processes, the numbers under-represent the actual number of convictions, as verdicts may not have been reached by year-end.

Day and full parole include those offenders serving determinate and indeterminate sentences.

Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences. Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act), which came into force on June 13, 2012, expanded the number of offences in Schedule I (e.g., it now includes child pornography, aggravated assault of a police officer, or a terrorist offence under the Criminal Code). As a result, some offences that were previously recorded in the data as non-violent are now considered as violent. This has resulted in higher numbers of revocations with a violent offence and lower numbers of revocations with a non-violent offence than in previous versions of this report.

The number of offenders granted temporary absences increased in the last three years

Figure D11

The number of offenders granted temporary absences increased in the last three years

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A temporary absence is permission given to an eligible offender to be away from the normal place of confinement for medical, administrative, community service, family contact, personal development for rehabilitative purposes, or compassionate reasons, including parental responsibilities.

A work release is a structured program of release of specified duration for work or community service outside the penitentiary, under the supervision of a staff member or other authorized person or organization.

These numbers depict the number of offenders who received at least one temporary absence permit (excluding those for medical purposes) or at least one work release. An offender may be granted more than one temporary absence permit or work release over a period of time.

Table D11
Year Temporary Absences Work Releases
Escorted Unescorted
  # of Offenders # of Permits # of Offenders # of Permits # of Offenders # of Permits
2003-04 2,691 38,112 715 4,133 496 1,052
2004-05 2,519 35,277 526 3,600 332 765
2005-06 2,571 37,141 505 3,058 355 997
2006-07 2,532 39,793 502 4,169 339 726
2007-08 2,518 41,631 469 3,804 301 615
2008-09 2,337 36,394 436 3,805 239 654
2009-10 2,218 35,887 391 3,351 249 1,049
2010-11 2,295 40,227 354 3,116 321 1,302
2011-12 2,696 44,473 419 3,870 405 814
2012-13 2,742 48,006 434 3,702 389 670

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A temporary absence is permission given to an eligible offender to be away from the normal place of confinement for medical, administrative, community service, family contact, personal development for rehabilitative purposes, or compassionate reasons, including parental responsibilities.

A work release is a structured program of release of specified duration for work or community service outside the penitentiary, under the supervision of a staff member or other authorized person or organization.

These numbers depict the number of offenders who received at least one temporary absence permit (excluding those for medical purposes) or at least one work release. An offender may be granted more than one temporary absence permit or work release over a period of time.

Section E: Statistics on Special Applications of Criminal Justice

The number of initial detention reviews increased in 2012-13

Figure E1

The number of initial detention reviews increased in 2012-13

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

According to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, an offender entitled to statutory release after serving two-thirds of the sentence may be held in custody until warrant expiry if it is established that the offender is likely to commit, before the expiry of sentence, an offence causing death or serious harm, a serious drug offence or a sex offence involving a child.

Table E1
Year Outcome of Initial Detention Reviews Total
Detained Statutory Release Total
Abor. Non - Abor. Total % Abor. Non - Abor. Total % Abor. Non - Abor.
1998-99 77 157 234 91.4 3 19 22 8.6 80 176 256
1999-00 83 125 208 93.7 3 11 14 6.3 86 136 222
2000-01 69 146 215 93.9 6 8 14 6.1 75 154 229
2001-02 73 184 257 93.8 2 13 15 5.5 77 197 274
2002-03 80 165 245 86.3 14 25 39 13.7 94 190 284
2003-04 72 207 279 92.1 8 16 24 7.9 80 223 303
2004-05 70 155 225 91.1 6 16 22 8.9 76 171 247
2005-06 75 158 233 89.3 11 17 28 10.7 86 175 261
2006-07 64 158 222 88.8 4 24 28 11.2 68 182 250
2007-08 85 162 247 93.2 7 11 18 6.8 92 173 265
2008-09 103 153 256 95.9 5 6 11 4.1 108 159 267
2009-10 96 165 261 93.9 2 15 17 6.1 98 180 278
2010-11 111 128 239 94.5 4 10 14 5.5 115 138 253
2011-12 88 119 207 96.7 3 4 7 3.3 91 123 214
2012-13 89 143 232 98.3 4 0 4 1.7 93 143 236
Total 1,235 2,325 3,560 92.8 82 195 277 7.2 1,319 2,520 3,839

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

According to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, an offender entitled to statutory release after serving two-thirds of the sentence may be held in custody until warrant expiry if it is established that the offender is likely to commit, before the expiry of sentence, an offence causing death or serious harm, a serious drug offence or a sex offence involving a child.

78% of judicial review hearings result in earlier parole eligibility

Figure E2

78% of judicial review hearings result in earlier parole eligibility

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Of the 47 offenders no longer under active supervision, 20 are incarcerated, 21 are deceased, two are being temporarily detained, and four have been deported.

Judicial review is an application to the court for a reduction in the time required to be served before being eligible for parole. Judicial review procedures apply to offenders who have been sentenced to imprisonment for life without eligibility for parole until more than fifteen years of their sentence has been served. Offenders can apply when they have served at least 15 years of their sentence.

Table E2
Province/Territory of Judicial Review Parole Ineligibility Reduced by Court Reduction Denied by Court Total
1st degree murder 2nd degree murder 1st degree murder 2nd degree murder 1st degree murder 2nd degree murder
Northwest Territories 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nunavut 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yukon 0 0 0 0 0 0
Newfoundland & Labrador 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prince Edward Island 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nova Scotia 1 1 1 0 2 1
New Brunswick 1 0 0 0 1 0
Quebec 62 15 5 2 67 17
Ontario 21 0 18 1 39 1
Manitoba 7 3 1 0 8 3
Saskatchewan 6 0 3 0 9 0
Alberta 19 0 6 0 25 0
British Columbia 18 1 6 0 24 1
Sub-total 135 20 40 3 175 23
Total 155 43 198

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These numbers represent total decisions as of April 14, 2013.

Judicial reviews are conducted in the province where the conviction took place.

The number of dangerous offender designations

Figure E3

The number of dangerous offender designations

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The number of Dangerous Offenders designated per year does not include overturned decisions.

Six offenders who received Dangerous Offender designations did not have a designation date entered in their file, and are therefore not represented in the graph. However, they are counted in the total number of offenders who received a designation.

Offenders who have died since receiving designations are no longer classified as “active”; however, they are still represented in the above graph, which depicts the total number of offenders '”designated”.

Dangerous Offender legislation came into effect in Canada on October 15, 1977, replacing the Habitual Offender and Dangerous Sexual Offender provisions that were abolished. A Dangerous Offender (DO) is an individual given an indeterminate sentence on the basis of a particularly violent crime or pattern of serious violent offences where it is judged that the offender's behaviour is unlikely to be inhibited by normal standards of behavioural restraint (see section 752 of the Criminal Code of Canada). Until August 1997, a determinate sentence was possible for those designated as DOs. In addition to the DOs, there remain within federal jurisdiction 25 Dangerous Sexual Offenders and nine Habitual Offenders.

Table E3
Province/Territory
of Designation
All Designations (# designated since 1978) Active Dangerous Offenders
# of Indeterminate Offenders # of Determinate Offenders Total
Newfoundland & Labrador 11 8 0 8
Nova Scotia 17 14 0 14
Prince Edward Island 0 0 0 0
New Brunswick 8 7 0 7
Quebec 73 63 5 68
Ontario 262 205 13 218
Manitoba 18 16 1 17
Saskatchewan 61 47 7 54
Alberta 53 43 2 45
British Columbia 122 94 2 96
Yukon 2 1 1 2
Northwest Territories 8 8 0 8
Nunavut 1 1 0 1
Total 636 507 31 538

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Numbers presented are as of April 14, 2013.

The number of Dangerous Offenders declared per year does not include overturned decisions.

Offenders who have died since receiving designations are no longer classified as “active”; however, they are still represented in the total number of offenders “designated”.

Most long term supervision orders are for a 10-year period

Figure E4

Most long term supervision orders are for a 10-year period

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Long Term Supervision Order (LTSO) legislation, which came into effect in Canada on August 1, 1997, allows the court to impose a sentence of two years or more for the predicate offence and order that the offender be supervised in the community for a further period not exceeding 10 years.

Forty offenders under these provisions have died and 67 offenders have completed their long term supervision period.

Table E4
Province or Territory of Order Length of Supervision Order (years) Current Status
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Incarcerated DP, FP or SR* LTSO period LTSO** interrupted Total
Newfoundland & Labrador 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 1 1 3 1 5
Nova Scotia 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 12 16 2 0 9 1 13
Prince Edward Island 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0
New Brunswick 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 6 9 2 1 5 0 8
Quebec 1 3 2 47 10 27 9 0 166 265 90 15 119 5 229
Ontario 0 0 4 11 7 16 18 0 176 232 62 18 107 17 204
Manitoba 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 28 33 8 2 17 2 29
Saskatchewan 1 0 1 11 9 5 8 1 37 73 40 4 18 2 64
Alberta 0 0 0 7 1 0 1 0 52 61 21 1 27 2 51
British Columbia 0 0 1 10 4 5 6 0 89 115 32 10 53 4 99
Yukon 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 8 11 3 2 6 0 11
Northwest Territories 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 3 0 3
Nunavut 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 3 6 2 1 3 1 6
Total 2 4 8 97 32 57 45 1 586 832 263 54 370 35 722

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*This category includes offenders whose current status is either supervised on day parole (DP), full parole (FP) or statutory release (SR).

**This category includes offenders convicted of a new offence while on the supervision portion of an LTSO. When this occurs, the LTSO supervision period is interrupted until the offender has served the new sentence to its warrant expiry date. At that time, the LTSO supervision period resumes where it left off.

These numbers are as of April 14, 2013.

Forty offenders under these provisions have died and 67 offenders have completed their long term supervision period.

The number of record suspension applications received has increased

Figure E5

The number of record suspension applications received has increased

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Refers to record suspension applications received between March 13 and March 31, 2012.

The number of record suspension applications received and accepted in 2012-13 should be considered with caution as the Record Suspension program, formerly the Pardon Program, underwent substantial changes between 2010-11 and 2012-13.

**Source: Royal Canadian Mounted Police Criminal Records Division, 2009.

On March 13, 2012, Bill C-10 amended the CRA by replacing the term “pardon” with the term “record suspension”. The Record Suspension and Clemency program involves the review of record suspension applications, the ordering of record suspensions and the making of clemency recommendations. The amendments to the CRA increased the waiting periods for a record suspension to five years for all summary convictions and to ten years for all indictable offences. Individuals convicted of sexual offences against minors (with certain exceptions) and those who have been convicted of more than three indictable offences, each with a sentence of two or more years, became ineligible for a record suspension.

Table E5
Applications Processed 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12* 2012-13**
Applications Received       1,039 19,523
Applications Accepted       793 11,291
Percentage Accepted       76.3 57.8
Type of Record Suspension Decision          
Ordered         6,030
Refused         208
Total Record Suspension Applications Ordered/Refused         6,238
Percentage Ordered         96.7
Type of Pardon Decision          
Granted 30,317 16,250 9,393 3,270 612
Issued 9,311 7,889 2,693 0 0
Denied 800 437 293 276 130
Total Pardon Applications Granted/Issued/Denied 40,428 24,576 12,379 3,546 742
Percentage Granted/Issued 98.0 98.2 97.6 92.2 82.5
Total Pardon/Record Suspension Revocations/Cessations          
Revocations*** 123 194 71 1,132 991
Cessations 584 727 1,055 907 706
Total Revocations/Cessations 707 921 1,126 2,039 1,697
Cumulative Granted/Issued**** 417,105 441,244 453,330 456,600 463,242
Cumulative Revocations/Cessations**** 15,292 16,213 17,339 19,378 21,075

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Refers to record suspension applications received between March 13 and March 31, 2012.

**Refers to pardon applications received on or before March 12, 2012.

The number of record suspension applications received and accepted in 2012-13 should be considered with caution as the Record Suspension program, formerly the Pardon Program, underwent substantial changes between 2010-11 and 2012-13. The grant/issued rate for pardon applications processed in 2012/13 should be considered with caution. The Record Suspension program, formerly the Pardon Program, underwent substantial changes between 2010/11 and 2012/13.

***Revocations fluctuate due to resource re-allocation to deal with backlogs.

On June 29, 2010, Bill C-23A amended the CRA by extending the ineligibility periods for certain applications for pardon. Additionally, the bill resulted in significant changes to program operations. The process was modified to include additional inquiries and new, more exhaustive investigations by staff for some applications and required additional review time by Board members. New concepts of merit and disrepute to the administration of justice form part of the statute. As a result of these new changes, application processing time increased. On March 13, 2012, Bill C-10 amended the CRA by replacing the term “pardon” with the term “record suspension”. The Record Suspension and Clemency program involves the review of record suspension applications, the ordering of record suspensions and the making of clemency recommendations. The amendments to the CRA increased the waiting periods for a record suspension to five years for all summary convictions and to ten years for all indictable offences. Individuals convicted of sexual offences against minors (with certain exceptions) and those who have been convicted of more than three indictable offences, each with a sentence of two or more years, became ineligible for a record suspension.

****Cumulative data reflects activity since 1970, when the pardon process was established under the Criminal Records Act.

Section F: Victims of Crime

Victimization rates for theft of personal property have increased

Figure F1

Victimization rates for theft of personal property have increased

Source: General Social Survey, Statistics Canada, 1999, 2004 and 2009.

Note:

*Assault data includes incidents of spousal violence. In previous editions of this document, the victimization data excluded incidents of spousal violence.

Rates are based on 1,000 population, 15 years of age and older, across the 10 provinces.

Table F1
Type of Incident Year
1999 2004 2009
Theft of Personal Property 75 93 108
Sexual Assault 21 21 24
Robbery 9 11 13
Assault* 81 75 80

Source: General Social Survey, Statistics Canada, 1999, 2004 and 2009.

Note:

*Assault data includes incidents of spousal violence. In previous editions of this document, the victimization data excluded incidents of spousal violence.

Rates are based on 1,000 population, 15 years of age and older, across the 10 provinces.

The majority of victims of violent crime are under 30

Figure F2

The majority of victims of violent crime are under 30

Source: Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Population estimates are as of July 1, 2010.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, robbery and traffic offences causing bodily harm and death.

The data excludes 3,285 cases where age was unknown, 748 cases where sex was unknown and 1,161 cases where both age and sex were unknown. The data represents 99% national coverage.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

Table F2
Age of Victim Males Females Total
  # % # % # %
0 to 4 years 1,799 1.0 2,014 1.0 3,813 1.0
5 to 9 years 3,810 2.1 3,634 1.9 7,444 2.0
10 to 14 years 12,966 7.2 12,683 6.6 25,649 6.9
15 to 19 years 27,126 15.0 29,763 15.5 56,889 15.2
20 to 24 years 25,539 14.1 30,564 15.9 59,103 15.0
25 to 29 years 21,707 12.0 24,641 12.8 46,348 12.4
30 to 34 years 17,380 9.6 20,323 10.6 37,703 10.1
35 to 39 years 15,136 8.4 17,902 9.3 33,038 8.9
40 to 44 years 14,930 8.3 16,199 8.4 31,129 8.3
45 to 49 years 14,207 7.9 13,552 7.0 27,759 7.4
50 to 54 years 10,685 5.9 8,964 4.7 19,649 5.3
55 to 59 years 6,591 3.6 4,999 2.6 11,590 3.1
60 to 64 years 4,042 2.2 2,805 1.5 6,847 1.8
65 to 69 years 2,223 1.2 1,455 0.8 3,678 1.0
70 to 74 years 1,156 0.6 1,006 0.5 2,162 0.6
75 and over 1,602 0.9 1,724 0.9 3,326 0.9
Total 180,899 100.0 192,228 100.0 373,127 100.0

Source: Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

The data excludes 3,285 cases where age was unknown, 748 cases where sex was unknown and 1,161 cases where both age and sex were unknown. The data represents 99% national coverage.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

The majority of victims receiving services are victims of violent crime

Figure F3

The majority of victims receiving services are victims of violent crime

Source: Victim Services in Canada, 2009/2010; Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Victim services are defined as agencies that provide direct services to primary or secondary victims of crime, and that are funded in whole or in part by a ministry responsible for justice matters. Some survey respondents in New Brunswick in 2009/2010 were unable to provide data on the number of clients served on snapshot day, and instead provided data on their active caseload on that day.

Table F3
Type of Crime Gender of Victim
Women Men Not Reported Total
Snapshot on May 28, 2008 # % # % # % # %
Homicide 156 2.8 61 3.2 9 1.4 226 2.8
Other offences causing death 63 1.1 51 2.7 1 0.2 115 1.4
Sexual assault 1,632 29.1 298 15.7 95 5.1 2,025 24.9
Other violent offences 3,029 54.0 853 45.0 330 52.3 4,212 51.8
Other criminal offences* 396 7.1 429 22.6 118 18.7 943 11.6
Other Incidents** 330 5.9 205 10.8 78 12.4 613 7.5
Total without unknown 5,606 100.0 1,897 100.0 631 100.0 8,134 100.0
Unknown type of crime 335 104 1,235 1,674
Total 5,941   2,001   1,866   9,808  
Snapshot on May 27, 2010                
Homicide 154 2.4 70 3.3 3 0.5 227 2.5
Other offences causing death 95 1.5 77 3.7 8 1.4 180 2.0
Sexual assault 1,922 30.0 379 18.1 160 28.3 2,461 27.1
Other violent offences 3,323 51.8 917 43.8 262 46.4 4,502 49.6
Other criminal offences* 496 7.7 357 17.0 73 12.9 926 10.2
Other Incidents** 421 6.6 295 14.1 59 10.4 775 8.5
Total without unknown 6,411 100.0 2,095 100.0 565 100.0 9,071 100.0
Unknown type of crime 197 81 113 391
Total 6,608   2,176   678   9,462  

Source: Victim Services in Canada, 2007/2008; Victim Services in Canada 2009/2010; Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Other criminal offences include arson, property crimes, traffic offences, and other Criminal Code offences.

**Other incidents include those of a non-criminal nature as well as those that are still under investigation to determine if they are criminal offences.

Victim services are defined as agencies that provide direct services to primary or secondary victims of crime, and that are funded in whole or in part by a ministry responsible for justice matters. Some survey respondents in New Brunswick in 2009/2010 were unable to provide data on the number of clients served on snapshot day, and instead provided data on their active caseload on that day.

The number of victims registered with the federal correctional system has increased

Figure F4

The number of victims registered with the federal correctional system  has increased

Source: Data Warehouse; Performance Management: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**A notification is a contact with a registered victim, by phone or mail, to provide information to which sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act entitles them.

Data is reported from the data freeze date in mid-April of each year.

Table F4
Year Number of Offenders with Registered Victims Number of Registered Victims* Number of Notifications** to Registered Victims
2006-07 3,147 4,979 13,829
2007-08 3,295 5,294 16,281
2008-09 3,412 5,816 28,069
2009-10 3,654 6,366 37,471
2010-11 3,874 6,940 41,987
2011-12 3,989 7,322 46,787
2012-13 4,083 7,585 51,344

Source: Data Warehouse; Performance Management: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**A notification is a contact with a registered victim, by phone or mail, to provide information to which sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act entitles them.

Data is reported from the data freeze date in mid-April of each year.

Offences causing death are the most common type of offence** that harmed the victims registered* with Correctional Service Canada

Figure F5

Offences causing death are the most common type of offence** that harmed the victims registered* with correctional service Canada

Source: Data Warehouse, Performance Management: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**Some victims were harmed by more than one offence; therefore the number of Offences of Victimization are higher than the actual number of Registered Victims. The percentages represent the number of registered victims who were harmed by that offence.

Table F5
Type of Offence** That Harmed Victim* 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
# % # % # % # %
Offences Causing Death 2,936 46.1 3,804 54.8 4,056 55.4 4,292 56.6
Sexual Offences 1,579 24.8 2,098 30.2 2,114 28.9 2,169 28.6
Assaults 879 13.8 998 14.4 998 13.6 965 12.7
Involving Violence or Threats 525 8.2 680 9.8 707 9.7 710 9.4
Property Crimes 417 6.6 509 7.3 534 7.3 551 7.3
Deprivation of Freedom 215 3.4 251 2.6 272 3.7 281 3.7
Attempts to Cause Death 182 2.9 233 3.4 241 3.3 246 3.2
Driving Offences 100 1.6 123 1.8 125 1.7 152 2.0
Other Offences 217 3.4 396 5.7 452 6.2 441 5.8
Offence Not Recorded 192 3.0 55 0.8 6 0.1 4 0.1
Total Number of Victims** 3,654   3,874   3,989   4,083  

Source: Data Warehouse, Performance Management: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**Some victims were harmed by more than one offence, therefore the number of Offences of Victimization are higher than the number of Registered Victims. The percentages in the table represent the number of registered victims who were harmed by that offence and do not add up to 100%.

Travel permit information is the most common type of information provided during a notification to registered victims* with Correcional Service Canada

Figure F6

Travel permit information is the most common type of information provided during a notification to registered victims* with Correcional Service Canada

Source: Data Warehouse, Performance Management: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Disclosure means a type of information identified in section 26 of the CCRA that has been disclosed to a registered victim during a notification.

As of December 2, 2011 as per Bill S6, Correctional Services Canada now provides information to some victims who are not registered which requires providing information to family members of murdered victims where the offender is still eligible to apply for Judicial Review including when the offender does not apply for a Judicial Review within the allotted time period, as well as the next date the offender can apply. Notification to unregistered victims are excluded for the data.

*In order to register to receive information under section 26 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2 or subsection 26(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**New type of information now released to victims as of December 2, 2011 as per Bill S6.

***New type of information now released to victims as of June 13, 2012 as per Bill C10.

Table F6
Year 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
Sentencing Information 4,820 7,758 13,770 15,095 12,461
Institutional Location 4,291 5,616 6,993 6,859 14,448
In/Out of Custody 2,357 2,366 2,714 2,983 3,066
Scheduled Hearing Dates 103 65 1,264 1,110 6,859
Release Dates 11,654 19,304 22,323 25,137 23,719
Release Destination 11,161 18,552 20,914 23,859 22,851
Release Conditions 5,623 11,317 15,951 21,845 21,591
Release Decisions 2,541 6,814 12,081 14,197 14,678
Travel Permits 7,611 9,343 10,136 10,874 28,737
Judicial Review** 0 0 0 1,173 339
Purpose of Temporary Absence*** 0 0 0 1 15,210
Disciplinary Offence Information*** 0 0 0 0 5,550
Program Participation Information*** 0 0 0 0 5,614
TOTAL 50,161 81,135 106,146 123,133 175,123

Source: Data Warehouse, Performance Management: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Disclosure means a type of information identified in section 26 of the CCRA that has been disclosed to a registered victim during a notification.

As of December 2, 2011 as per Bill S6, Correctional Services Canada now provides information to some victims who are not registered which requires providing information to family members of murdered victims where the offender is still eligible to apply for Judicial Review including when the offender does not apply for a Judicial Review within the allotted time period, as well as the next date the offender can apply. Notification to unregistered victims are excluded for the data.

*In order to register to receive information under section 26 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2 or subsection 26(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**New type of information now released to victims as of December 2, 2011 as per Bill S6.

***New type of information now released to victims as of June 13, 2012 as per Bill C10.

Parole board of Canada contacts with victims have increased

Figure F7

Parole board of Canada contacts with victims have increased

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*A victim contact refers to each time the Parole Board of Canada has contact with a victim by mail, fax, or by telephone.

**Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act) , which came into force on June 13, 2012, resulted in changes to the categories of victims defined in section 2 of the CCRA. An actual victim is a person who survived a crime 2(1). If the person is dead, ill or otherwise incapacitated, a) a spouse/common law 2(1)(a), b) a relative/dependant 2(1)(b), c) anyone who is responsible for the care of the person 2(1)(c), d) anyone who is responsible for the care of a dependant of the person 2(1)(d) are considered as victims. If physical or emotional harm was done to a person as a result of the offender's act, whether or not the offender is prosecuted or convicted of the act, and if the person made a complaint to the police or the Crown attorney, the person is recognized as a victim per CCRA 26 (3) and 142(3).

Table F7
Year Total Number of Contacts*
1998-99 9,883
1999-00 11,177
2000-01 12,718
2001-02 14,013
2002-03 14,270
2003-04 15,263
2004-05 15,479
2005-06 16,711
2006-07 21,434
2007-08 20,457
2008-09 20,039
2009-10 22,181
2010-11 22,483
2011-12 21,449
2012-13 22,475

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*A victim contact refers to each time the Parole Board of Canada has contact with a victim by mail, fax, or by telephone.

Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act) , which came into force on June 13, 2012, resulted in changes to the categories of victims defined in section 2 of the CCRA. An actual victim is a person who survived a crime 2(1). If the person is dead, ill or otherwise incapacitated, a) a spouse/common law 2(1)(a), b) a relative/dependant 2(1)(b), c) anyone who is responsible for the care of the person 2(1)(c), d) anyone who is responsible for the care of a dependant of the person 2(1)(d) are considered as victims. If physical or emotional harm was done to a person as a result of the offender's act, whether or not the offender is prosecuted or convicted of the act, and if the person made a complaint to the police or the Crown attorney, the person is recognized as a victim per CCRA 26(3) and 142(3).

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